Hrubieszów
Encyclopedia
Hrubieszów h is a town in southeastern Poland
, with a population of 18,661 (2004). It is the capital of Hrubieszów County
. Since 1999 Hrubieszów has been part of Lublin Voivodeship
. Earlier, 1975–98, it had been part of Zamość Province
(województwo zamojskie). Prior to 1919, it was part of the Russian Empire
.
Residents of Hrubieszów have included novelist Bolesław Prus, poker-player and entrepreneur Henry Orenstein
, and psychologist Milton Rokeach
.
to Lviv
passing by Hrubieszów. The town was eventually destroyed by Ukrainians
and Tatars
.
In 1800 Stanisław Staszic founded the Hrubieszów Agricultural Society, the first cooperative
organization in Europe.
During World War II
. the region witnessed the Zamość Uprising
. Many inhabitants, including the 7,000 residents of the town's Jewish ghetto, perished in the war.
The town is also notable for being the site of the largest joint action
between the partisans of the Polish Freedom and Independence anti-communist movement and those of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, with a population of 18,661 (2004). It is the capital of Hrubieszów County
Hrubieszów County
Hrubieszów County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998...
. Since 1999 Hrubieszów has been part of Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship
- Administrative division :Lublin Voivodeship is divided into 24 counties : 4 city counties and 20 land counties. These are further divided into 213 gminas....
. Earlier, 1975–98, it had been part of Zamość Province
Zamosc Voivodeship
Zamość Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975–1998, superseded by Lublin Voivodeship.Capital city: ZamośćMajor cities and towns :* Zamość * Biłgoraj...
(województwo zamojskie). Prior to 1919, it was part of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
.
Residents of Hrubieszów have included novelist Bolesław Prus, poker-player and entrepreneur Henry Orenstein
Henry Orenstein
Henry Orenstein is a poker player and entrepreneur who resides in Verona, New Jersey, United States....
, and psychologist Milton Rokeach
Milton Rokeach
Milton Rokeach was a Polish-American social psychologist. He taught at Michigan State University, the University of Western Ontario, Washington State University, and the University of Southern California.-Early life:...
.
History
The town was founded in 1400 by Poland's King Władysław Jagiełło. He returned there in 1411, 1413 and 1430. A castle and church were later added. Kazimierz Jagiellończyk built a road from LublinLublin
Lublin is the ninth largest city in Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 350,392 . Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula river...
to Lviv
Lviv
Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
passing by Hrubieszów. The town was eventually destroyed by Ukrainians
Ukrainians
Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
and Tatars
Tatars
Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...
.
In 1800 Stanisław Staszic founded the Hrubieszów Agricultural Society, the first cooperative
Cooperative
A cooperative is a business organization owned and operated by a group of individuals for their mutual benefit...
organization in Europe.
During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. the region witnessed the Zamość Uprising
Zamosc Uprising
The Zamość Uprising refers to the actions by Polish resistance against the forced expulsion of Poles from the Zamość region under the Nazi Generalplan Ost...
. Many inhabitants, including the 7,000 residents of the town's Jewish ghetto, perished in the war.
The town is also notable for being the site of the largest joint action
Attack on Hrubieszów
The Attack on Hrubieszów was a joint action of the Polish post-Home Army organization Freedom and Independence and the Ukrainian partisans of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army , which took place on the night of the 27 May 1946...
between the partisans of the Polish Freedom and Independence anti-communist movement and those of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.
Monuments
Hrubieszów boasts a number of monuments:- An outdoor sculptureSculptureSculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials—typically stone such as marble—or metal, glass, or wood. Softer materials can also be used, such as clay, textiles, plastics, polymers and softer metals...
of Bolesław Prus. - Orthodox churchEastern Orthodox ChurchThe Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...
with 13 cupolaCupolaIn architecture, a cupola is a small, most-often dome-like, structure on top of a building. Often used to provide a lookout or to admit light and air, it usually crowns a larger roof or dome....
s (1875). - Saint NicholasSaint NicholasSaint Nicholas , also called Nikolaos of Myra, was a historic 4th-century saint and Greek Bishop of Myra . Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nikolaos the Wonderworker...
Catholic Church (17th-century). - Madonna of Ceaseless Help Catholic Church (1903-5).
- Du Chateau manorManor houseA manor house is a country house that historically formed the administrative centre of a manor, the lowest unit of territorial organisation in the feudal system in Europe. The term is applied to country houses that belonged to the gentry and other grand stately homes...
complex, housing a regional museumMuseumA museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities...
. - Madonna of SokalSokalSokal is a town located on the banks of the Bug River in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Sokal Raion , the city itself also ranks as a separate raion within the oblast.- History :...
Catholic Church. - Jewish cemeteries (Old and New)