IEEE 802.1ah
Encyclopedia
Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB, known as "mac-in-mac") is a set of architecture and protocols for routing over a provider's network allowing interconnection of multiple Provider Bridge Networks without losing each customer's individually defined VLANs. It was initially created by Nortel before being submitted to the IEEE 802.1
committee for standardization. The final standard was approved by the IEEE in June 2008 as IEEE 802.1ah-2008.
was initially defined as a Local Area Network
(LAN) technology to interconnect the computers within a small organization in which these host computers were very close in proximity to each other. Over the years, Ethernet has become such a popular technology that it became the default Data Link Layer (OSI Layer 2) mechanism for data transport. This created a need for extending the Ethernet from a customer LAN bridging domain to service provider MAN, also known as the Provider bridging domain. For this, a 4 byte S-Tag or Service Tag, a type of Virtual LAN tag, was added to the header of the Ethernet frame in IEEE 802.1ad standard. In the service provider domain, switching was based on S-Tag and destination MAC address, and C-tag was used to create virtual LAN within the customer domain. This technology is also known as QinQ or Q-tunneling.
QinQ does not offer true separation of customer and provider domains, but is merely a way to overcome the limitations on the VLAN identifier space. It can also help in separation of the customer and provider control domains when used with other features like control protocol tunneling or Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (like spanning trees etc.). There is still the problem of having too little control on the MAC addresses, since QinQ forwarding is still based on the customer destination addresses. Thus, better mechanisms are needed.
PBB defines a 48 bit B-DA and 48 bit B-SA to indicate the backbone source and destination MAC addresses. It also defines a 12 bit B-VID (backbone VLAN ID) and 24 bit I-SID (Service Instance VLAN ID). The bridges in the PBB domain switch based on the B-VID and B-DA values, which contain 60 bits total. Bridges learn based on the B-SA and ingress port value and hence is completely unaware of the customer MAC addresses. I-SID allows to distinguish the services within a PBB domain.
PBB is the foundation for the IEEE 802.1Qay PBB-TE standard, which was standardized in 2009.
PBB is sometimes referred to as Mac-in-Mac.
IEEE 802.1
IEEE 802.1 is a working group of the IEEE 802 project of the IEEE Standards Association.It is concerned with:* 802 LAN/MAN architecture* internetworking among 802 LANs, MANs and other wide area networks* 802 Link Security* 802 overall network management...
committee for standardization. The final standard was approved by the IEEE in June 2008 as IEEE 802.1ah-2008.
History
The now ubiquitous EthernetEthernet
Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks commercially introduced in 1980. Standardized in IEEE 802.3, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies....
was initially defined as a Local Area Network
Local area network
A local area network is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building...
(LAN) technology to interconnect the computers within a small organization in which these host computers were very close in proximity to each other. Over the years, Ethernet has become such a popular technology that it became the default Data Link Layer (OSI Layer 2) mechanism for data transport. This created a need for extending the Ethernet from a customer LAN bridging domain to service provider MAN, also known as the Provider bridging domain. For this, a 4 byte S-Tag or Service Tag, a type of Virtual LAN tag, was added to the header of the Ethernet frame in IEEE 802.1ad standard. In the service provider domain, switching was based on S-Tag and destination MAC address, and C-tag was used to create virtual LAN within the customer domain. This technology is also known as QinQ or Q-tunneling.
QinQ does not offer true separation of customer and provider domains, but is merely a way to overcome the limitations on the VLAN identifier space. It can also help in separation of the customer and provider control domains when used with other features like control protocol tunneling or Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (like spanning trees etc.). There is still the problem of having too little control on the MAC addresses, since QinQ forwarding is still based on the customer destination addresses. Thus, better mechanisms are needed.
Description
The idea of PBB is to offer complete separation of customer and provider domains. For this purpose, a new Ethernet header has been defined. This header may take multiple different forms, but the main components of the header are:- Backbone component, that has:
- Backbone destination address (B-DA) (six bytes)
- Backbone source address (B-SA) (six bytes)
- EtherType 0x88A8 (two bytes)
- B-TAG/B-VID (two bytes), this is the backbone VLAN indicator
- Service encapsulation, that has:
- EtherType 0x88E7 (two bytes)
- Flags that contain priority, Drop Eligible Indicator (DEI) and No Customer Address (NCA) indication (e.g. OAM frames).
- I-SID, the service identifier (three bytes)
- Original customer frame
- Customer source address (six bytes)
- Customer destination address (six bytes)
- EtherType 0x8100 (two bytes)
- Customer VLAN identifier (two bytes)
- EtherType (e.g. 0x0800)
- Customer payload
PBB defines a 48 bit B-DA and 48 bit B-SA to indicate the backbone source and destination MAC addresses. It also defines a 12 bit B-VID (backbone VLAN ID) and 24 bit I-SID (Service Instance VLAN ID). The bridges in the PBB domain switch based on the B-VID and B-DA values, which contain 60 bits total. Bridges learn based on the B-SA and ingress port value and hence is completely unaware of the customer MAC addresses. I-SID allows to distinguish the services within a PBB domain.
PBB is the foundation for the IEEE 802.1Qay PBB-TE standard, which was standardized in 2009.
PBB is sometimes referred to as Mac-in-Mac.
External links
- http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/802.1ah.html
- The right transport foundation for carrier Ethernet services