Isaachar bär ben Judah Carmoly
Encyclopedia
Issachar Bär ben Judah Carmoly (September 15, 1735, Ribeauvillé
, Alsace
- May, 1781, Sulz
) was an Alsatian
rabbi
. At the age of 10, he was sufficiently advanced in his training for the rabbinate to follow the elaborate lectures of Jonathan Eybeschütz
. Later, Carmoly studied successively at Frankfurt
, under the direction of Jacob Joshua, author of Pene Yehoshu'a, and at Metz
, under Samuel Helman, who conferred upon him the title of rabbi. On returning home, in compliance with the wish of his father, Carmoly began the study of medicine under the direction of Jacob Assur, a physician of Nancy, but had to give it up, being engrossed with his Talmud
ical studies. The only benefit he derived from his tutor was a fair knowledge of mathematics, of which he made use later.
Carmoly married the daughter of a rich banker named Joseph Raineau. The latter persuaded the bishop of Sulz to create a rabbinate in his see; and Carmoly was appointed rabbi of Sulz.
Carmoly was the author of a commentary on the Tosefta
to the treatise Betzah, published, together with the text, under the title Yam Yissakar (Sea of Issachar; Metz, 1769). The grandson of the author, Eliakim Carmoly
, claimed to have had in his possession the following manuscripts of his grandfather:
Ribeauvillé
Ribeauvillé is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.Its inhabitants are called Ribeauvillois.The picturesque town is located around north of Colmar and south of Strasbourg.-History:...
, Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
- May, 1781, Sulz
Sulz
Sulz is the name of a number of places in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Ukraine:*Soulce in the canton of Jura, Switzerland was formerly known as Sulz*Sulz place in the Steiermark, Austria*Sulz in the Steiermark, Austria...
) was an Alsatian
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
rabbi
Rabbi
In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word רבי , meaning "My Master" , which is the way a student would address a master of Torah...
. At the age of 10, he was sufficiently advanced in his training for the rabbinate to follow the elaborate lectures of Jonathan Eybeschütz
Jonathan Eybeschutz
Jonathan Eybeschutz , was a Talmudist, Halachist, Kabbalist, holding positions as Dayan of Prague, and later as Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg and Wandsbek. With Jacob Emden, he is well known as a protagonist in the Emden-Eybeschütz Controversy.-Biography:Eybeschütz's father was...
. Later, Carmoly studied successively at Frankfurt
Frankfurt
Frankfurt am Main , commonly known simply as Frankfurt, is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2010 population of 688,249. The urban area had an estimated population of 2,300,000 in 2010...
, under the direction of Jacob Joshua, author of Pene Yehoshu'a, and at Metz
Metz
Metz is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.Metz is the capital of the Lorraine region and prefecture of the Moselle department. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, Metz forms a central place...
, under Samuel Helman, who conferred upon him the title of rabbi. On returning home, in compliance with the wish of his father, Carmoly began the study of medicine under the direction of Jacob Assur, a physician of Nancy, but had to give it up, being engrossed with his Talmud
Talmud
The Talmud is a central text of mainstream Judaism. It takes the form of a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, philosophy, customs and history....
ical studies. The only benefit he derived from his tutor was a fair knowledge of mathematics, of which he made use later.
Carmoly married the daughter of a rich banker named Joseph Raineau. The latter persuaded the bishop of Sulz to create a rabbinate in his see; and Carmoly was appointed rabbi of Sulz.
Carmoly was the author of a commentary on the Tosefta
Tosefta
The Tosefta is a compilation of the Jewish oral law from the period of the Mishnah.-Overview:...
to the treatise Betzah, published, together with the text, under the title Yam Yissakar (Sea of Issachar; Metz, 1769). The grandson of the author, Eliakim Carmoly
Eliakim Carmoly
Eliakim Carmoly was a French-Jewish scholar. He was born at Soultz-Haut-Rhin, then in the French department of Haut-Rhin. His real name was Goschel David Behr ; the name Carmoly, borne by his family in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, was adopted by him when quite young...
, claimed to have had in his possession the following manuscripts of his grandfather:
- Yam Yissakar, a commentary on the Tosefta on the treatise MakkotMakkotMakkot is a book of the Mishnah and Talmud. It is the fifth volume of the book of Nezikin. Makkot deals primarily with laws of Jewish courts and the punishments which they may administer, and may be regarded as a continuation of tractate Sanhedrin, of which it originally formed part.Included in...
- Keter Torah (The Crown of the Law), a poem containing the names of all the books of the Holy Scripture, the MishnahMishnahThe Mishnah or Mishna is the first major written redaction of the Jewish oral traditions called the "Oral Torah". It is also the first major work of Rabbinic Judaism. It was redacted c...
, and the Talmud ("This poem," says Eliakim Carmoly, "is still recited in the district of Sulz on the eve of the Feast of the Law" (Simchat TorahSimchat TorahSimchat Torah or Simḥath Torah is a celebration marking the conclusion of the annual cycle of public Torah readings, and the beginning of a new cycle...
).) - Ha-Talmudi ha-Melummad (The Learned Talmudist), a collection of Halaka, AggadahAggadahAggadah refers to the homiletic and non-legalistic exegetical texts in the classical rabbinic literature of Judaism, particularly as recorded in the Talmud and Midrash...
, and commentaries - Matteh Yissakar (The Staff of Issachar), halakic decisions
- Sefer Yad ha-'Ittim (Book of the Hand of the Times), a treatise on the Hebrew calendarHebrew calendarThe Hebrew calendar , or Jewish calendar, is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances. It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, yahrzeits , and daily Psalm reading, among many ceremonial uses...
- Bene Yisrael (The Children of Israel), novellæ on many Talmudical treatises
- Ohel Yissakar (The Tent of Issachar), a treatise on mathematics
- Karmi Sheli (Mine Own Vineyard), novellæ on the Pentateuch, literary essays, poems, etc.