István Szabó de Nagyatád
Encyclopedia
István Szabó de Nagyatád (17 September 1863 – 31 October 1924) was a Hungarian
politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture three times: in 1919, between 1920 and 1921 and from 1922 to 1924.
He was born into a Hungarian Calvinist family in Erdőcsokonya
(now: Csokonyavisonta after the union with Somogyvisonta). After collecting possessions he was elected municipal judge. From 1904 he politicizied in the assembly of Somogy County's municipal committee. He became a member of the House of Representatives in 1908, after he won the elections opposite the Independence Party's candidate in the Nagyatád
constituency (he obtained his title of nagyatádi then). He was a representative with the program of Alliance of the Smallholders in Somogy County (local organization). In his first speech he asked the MEPs that the agrarian worker people must called smallholder and not as peasant, because the peasant word was with a pejorative sound in the Transdanubia
. As opposed to the socialists (András Áchim Liker) and the civil radicalists he was a supporter of a moderate agrarian reform which was acceptable for the great landowners and the aristocracy
too. But in the first times his ambitious include the creation of the universal suffrage
. He criticized the unfair tax system, the function of the fideicommissum familiae. He promoted the co-operatives' foundation, the settlements and the voluntary and partial parceling out of the large estates. He stayed moderate in the civil questions and he made the official Hungarian power point of view his own though in the nationality question.
He won the wealthier, primarily in Transdanubia, peasantry's support with his political performance and the agrarians considered him as their possible ally. In 1909 he founded National Independence Agrarian Party of 48 in Szentgál
. He became a parliamentarian representative of his party in the next year (there were two other politicians who gain a seat with the colours of Szabó's association). He served as minister without portfolio of managing of the land reform in the Dénes Berinkey
cabinet (1919).
After the fall of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
he was the most popular politician in Hungary, so Miklós Horthy
invited him to Siófok
where formed the new system. He formed his party with the name of National Smallholders and Agrarian Workers Party (OKGFP) in 1920, which won the next parliamentarian election. Gyula Rubinek
got him to do unification with the United Smallholders and Agrarian Workers Party which led by István Szabó de Sokorópátka. Then he took on the submitting of the land reform law proposal drawn up by Rubinek. The agrarian press made him a scapegoat in the course of the debate of the law yet. The landowners tried to sabotage the execution of the new law (1920 Act XXXVI), as a result of that finally 400,000 claimants secured altogether a hectare of soil averagely. Seeing the failure of the execution he put a modifier proposal on to the law, but because of this at from the previous conflicts, denouncing got into sharper the assault fire of attacks. The afforestation of the Great Hungarian Plain
, drainage and watering programs began under his ministry, co-operatives and winter agricultural schools came into existence.
In 1921, in the interest of the reduction of the agricultural raw material deficiency, the government bound the exportation of the commodities like this to an export permit and ordered the right of the expense of the permits for the Ministry of Agriculture. This measure provided an opportunity for the corruption, in which everyone more important member of the government practically, so Nagyatád was also affected was, who became exposed by István Bethlen
's political endeavours, first of all the party union idea which taking aim the annihilation of the Smallholders' Party. Onto the proposal of Tibor Eckhardt, the Prime Minister's press chief Bethlen flipped the corruption cases out on the way of the media directing the suspicion onto Szabó de Nagyatád and onto his environment. Because of the cumultive pressure he, giving up the program of the secret franchise, obliged to merging his party with the National Centre Party, so he became the first chairman of the newly formed Unity Party.
As his secretary, Lajos Eskütt who had a major role in the corruption cases, placed an inculpatory statement upon him, he resigned from the ministerial position. Szabó returned to his birth place. The looking for his truth and fearing for his political career Eskütt rejected the offered secret agreements and emigration opportunity and he required rehabilitation and a mandate instead of these things. Because of this Szabó and Bethlen prosecuted him (libel trial). Szabó would be one of the crown witness' but before the trial he died between suspicious circumstances. Miklós Horthy
and István Bethlen also participated in his funeral.
Gyula Gömbös
inaugurated the agrarian politician's sculpture in 1932, Budapest. István Szabó de Nagyatád is one of the honourary citizens of Makó
.
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture three times: in 1919, between 1920 and 1921 and from 1922 to 1924.
He was born into a Hungarian Calvinist family in Erdőcsokonya
Csokonyavisonta
Csokonyavisonta is a village in Somogy county, Hungary.- External links :* *...
(now: Csokonyavisonta after the union with Somogyvisonta). After collecting possessions he was elected municipal judge. From 1904 he politicizied in the assembly of Somogy County's municipal committee. He became a member of the House of Representatives in 1908, after he won the elections opposite the Independence Party's candidate in the Nagyatád
Nagyatád
Nagyatád is a town in Somogy county, Hungary.- External links :* Official web page *...
constituency (he obtained his title of nagyatádi then). He was a representative with the program of Alliance of the Smallholders in Somogy County (local organization). In his first speech he asked the MEPs that the agrarian worker people must called smallholder and not as peasant, because the peasant word was with a pejorative sound in the Transdanubia
Transdanubia
Transdanubia is a traditional region of Hungary.-Traditional interpretation:The borders of Transdanubia are the Danube river , the Drava and Mura rivers and the foothills of the Alps roughly along the border between Hungary and Austria .Transdanubia comprises the counties of Győr-Moson-Sopron,...
. As opposed to the socialists (András Áchim Liker) and the civil radicalists he was a supporter of a moderate agrarian reform which was acceptable for the great landowners and the aristocracy
Aristocracy
Aristocracy , is a form of government in which a few elite citizens rule. The term derives from the Greek aristokratia, meaning "rule of the best". In origin in Ancient Greece, it was conceived of as rule by the best qualified citizens, and contrasted with monarchy...
too. But in the first times his ambitious include the creation of the universal suffrage
Universal suffrage
Universal suffrage consists of the extension of the right to vote to adult citizens as a whole, though it may also mean extending said right to minors and non-citizens...
. He criticized the unfair tax system, the function of the fideicommissum familiae. He promoted the co-operatives' foundation, the settlements and the voluntary and partial parceling out of the large estates. He stayed moderate in the civil questions and he made the official Hungarian power point of view his own though in the nationality question.
He won the wealthier, primarily in Transdanubia, peasantry's support with his political performance and the agrarians considered him as their possible ally. In 1909 he founded National Independence Agrarian Party of 48 in Szentgál
Szentgál
Szentgál is a village in Veszprém county, Hungary.- External links :*...
. He became a parliamentarian representative of his party in the next year (there were two other politicians who gain a seat with the colours of Szabó's association). He served as minister without portfolio of managing of the land reform in the Dénes Berinkey
Dénes Berinkey
Dénes Berinkey was a Hungarian jurist and politician who served as prime minister in the regime of Mihály Károlyi for two months in 1919. On March 20, 1919 the French presented the Vix Note ordering Hungarian troops further back into Hungary; it was widely assumed that the military lines would be...
cabinet (1919).
After the fall of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
Hungarian Soviet Republic
The Hungarian Soviet Republic or Soviet Republic of Hungary was a short-lived Communist state established in Hungary in the aftermath of World War I....
he was the most popular politician in Hungary, so Miklós Horthy
Miklós Horthy
Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya was the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary during the interwar years and throughout most of World War II, serving from 1 March 1920 to 15 October 1944. Horthy was styled "His Serene Highness the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary" .Admiral Horthy was an officer of the...
invited him to Siófok
Siófok
Siófok is a city in Hungary on the southern bank of Lake Balaton in Somogy County. The city is one of Hungary's most popular holiday destinations, famous for its beaches and nightlife. Siófok is one of the richest municipalities of Hungary due to tourism...
where formed the new system. He formed his party with the name of National Smallholders and Agrarian Workers Party (OKGFP) in 1920, which won the next parliamentarian election. Gyula Rubinek
Gyula Rubinek
Gyula Rubinek was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture between 1919 and 1920. He was also Minister of Trade from 19 July to 16 December 1920. Rubinek was the creator of the land reform which connected to István Szabó de Nagyatád.-References:*...
got him to do unification with the United Smallholders and Agrarian Workers Party which led by István Szabó de Sokorópátka. Then he took on the submitting of the land reform law proposal drawn up by Rubinek. The agrarian press made him a scapegoat in the course of the debate of the law yet. The landowners tried to sabotage the execution of the new law (1920 Act XXXVI), as a result of that finally 400,000 claimants secured altogether a hectare of soil averagely. Seeing the failure of the execution he put a modifier proposal on to the law, but because of this at from the previous conflicts, denouncing got into sharper the assault fire of attacks. The afforestation of the Great Hungarian Plain
Great Hungarian Plain
The Great Hungarian Plain is a plain occupying the southern and eastern part of Hungary, some parts of the Eastern Slovak Lowland, southwestern Ukraine, the Transcarpathian Lowland , western Romania , northern Serbia , and eastern Croatia...
, drainage and watering programs began under his ministry, co-operatives and winter agricultural schools came into existence.
In 1921, in the interest of the reduction of the agricultural raw material deficiency, the government bound the exportation of the commodities like this to an export permit and ordered the right of the expense of the permits for the Ministry of Agriculture. This measure provided an opportunity for the corruption, in which everyone more important member of the government practically, so Nagyatád was also affected was, who became exposed by István Bethlen
István Bethlen
Count István Bethlen de Bethlen was a Hungarian aristocrat and statesman and served as Prime Minister from 1921 to 1931....
's political endeavours, first of all the party union idea which taking aim the annihilation of the Smallholders' Party. Onto the proposal of Tibor Eckhardt, the Prime Minister's press chief Bethlen flipped the corruption cases out on the way of the media directing the suspicion onto Szabó de Nagyatád and onto his environment. Because of the cumultive pressure he, giving up the program of the secret franchise, obliged to merging his party with the National Centre Party, so he became the first chairman of the newly formed Unity Party.
As his secretary, Lajos Eskütt who had a major role in the corruption cases, placed an inculpatory statement upon him, he resigned from the ministerial position. Szabó returned to his birth place. The looking for his truth and fearing for his political career Eskütt rejected the offered secret agreements and emigration opportunity and he required rehabilitation and a mandate instead of these things. Because of this Szabó and Bethlen prosecuted him (libel trial). Szabó would be one of the crown witness' but before the trial he died between suspicious circumstances. Miklós Horthy
Miklós Horthy
Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya was the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary during the interwar years and throughout most of World War II, serving from 1 March 1920 to 15 October 1944. Horthy was styled "His Serene Highness the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary" .Admiral Horthy was an officer of the...
and István Bethlen also participated in his funeral.
Gyula Gömbös
Gyula Gömbös
Gyula Gömbös de Jákfa was the conservative prime minister of Hungary from 1932 to 1936.-Background:Gömbös was born in the Tolna County village of Murga, Hungary, which had a mixed Hungarian and ethnic German population. His father was the village schoolmaster. The family belonged to the ...
inaugurated the agrarian politician's sculpture in 1932, Budapest. István Szabó de Nagyatád is one of the honourary citizens of Makó
Makó
Makó is a town in Csongrád County in southeastern Hungary. It lies on the Maros River, near the Romanian border. The area of the town is of which is arable land. The climate is very warm with hot and dry summers. Makó and the surrounding region get the most sunshine in Hungary, about 85-90...
.