Jardin de l'État
Encyclopedia
Botanical garden
A botanical garden The terms botanic and botanical, and garden or gardens are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word botanic is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens. is a well-tended area displaying a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names...
on the island of Réunion
Réunion
Réunion is a French island with a population of about 800,000 located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, about south west of Mauritius, the nearest island.Administratively, Réunion is one of the overseas departments of France...
, found in the capital Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis, Réunion
Saint-Denis is the préfecture of the French overseas region and department of Réunion, in the Indian Ocean. It is located at the island's northernmost point, close to the mouth of the Rivière Saint-Denis....
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Planted with tree
Tree
A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m to...
s and spice
Spice
A spice is a dried seed, fruit, root, bark, or vegetative substance used in nutritionally insignificant quantities as a food additive for flavor, color, or as a preservative that kills harmful bacteria or prevents their growth. It may be used to flavour a dish or to hide other flavours...
s taken from outside the island by Pierre Poivre
Pierre Poivre
Pierre Poivre was a French horticulturalist born in Lyon; missionary to China and Cochinchina, Intendant of the Islands of Mauritius and Bourbon, and wearer of the cordon of St. Michel...
, the garden is home to a natural history museum opened in August 1855. The garden was built from 1767 to 1773.
The garden's golden era came at the beginning of the 19th century, when its plants were tended to by famous botanists such as Joseph Hubert, Nicolas Bréon and Jean-Michel-Claude Richard. At that time the garden housed 2000 species. 7000 of its plants were distributed to the islanders in 1825 as part of a scheme to improve the colonial agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
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Today, the garden's main entrance faces the historic Rue de Paris. In the garden itself a bust of Pierre Poivre
Pierre Poivre
Pierre Poivre was a French horticulturalist born in Lyon; missionary to China and Cochinchina, Intendant of the Islands of Mauritius and Bourbon, and wearer of the cordon of St. Michel...
and a Wallace fountain
Wallace fountain
Wallace fountains are public drinking fountains designed by Charles-Auguste Lebourg that appear in the form of small cast-iron sculptures scattered throughout the city of Paris, France, mainly along the most-frequented sidewalks. They are named after the Englishman Richard Wallace, who financed...
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Trees
The garden is home to around fifty species of tree, including:- Adansonia digitataAdansonia digitataAdansonia digitata is the most widespread of the Adansonia species on the African continent, found in the hot, dry savannahs of sub-Saharan Africa. It also grows, having spread secondary to cultivation, in populated areas...
- African baobab - Adenanthera pavoninaAdenanthera pavoninaAdenanthera pavonina is a species of tree, used for its timber, also known as Barbados pride, Coral-wood, Coralwood, Peacock flower fence, Red beadtree, Red sandalwood tree, Red sandalwood, Sandalwood tree, Saga; syn. Adenanthera gersenii Scheff., Adenanthera polita Miq., Corallaria parvifolia Rumph...
- Barbados pride - Araucaria columnarisAraucaria columnarisAraucaria columnaris, the Coral reef araucaria, is a unique species of conifer in the Araucariaceae family. It is endemic to New Caledonia in the southwestern Pacific....
- Cook pine - Artocarpus heterophyllus - JackfruitJackfruitThe jackfruit is a species of tree in the Artocarpus genus of the mulberry family . It is native to parts of Southern and Southeast Asia. It is the national fruit of Bangladesh, . The jackfruit tree is believed to be indigenous to the southwestern rain forests of India...
- Averrhoa carambolaAverrhoa carambolaAverrhoa carambola is a species of woody plant in the family Oxalidaceae; it has a number of common names including Carambola and Starfruit....
- CarambolaCarambolaCarambola, also known as starfruit, is the fruit of Averrhoa carambola, a species of tree native to the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The fruit is a popular food throughout Southeast Asia, the South Pacific and parts of East Asia... - Bambusa glaucescens - Golden goddess bamboo
- Barringtonia asiaticaBarringtonia asiaticaBarringtonia asiatica is a species of Barringtonia native to mangrove habitats on the tropical coasts and islands of the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean from Zanzibar east to Taiwan, the Philippines, Fiji, New Caledonia, the Cook Islands, Wallis and Futuna and French Polynesia...
- Sea poison tree - Caryota mitis - Fishtail palm
- Chrysophyllum cainitoChrysophyllum cainitoChrysophyllum cainito is a tropical tree of the family Sapotaceae, native to the lowlands of Central America and the West Indies. It grows rapidly and reaches 20 m in height....
- Cainito - Cocos nucifera - Coconut palm
- Cordia amplifolia
- Couroupita guianensis - Cannonball tree
- Crescentia cujeteCrescentia cujeteCrescentia cujete, commonly known as the Calabash Tree, is species of flowering plant that is native to Central and South America. It is a dicotyledonous plant with tripinnate leaves...
- Calabash tree - Damara araucaria
- Dictyosperma album - Hurricane palm or Princess palm
- Elaeis guineensis - Oil palmOil palmThe oil palms comprise two species of the Arecaceae, or palm family. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil. The African Oil Palm Elaeis guineensis is native to West Africa, occurring between Angola and Gambia, while the American Oil Palm Elaeis oleifera is native to...
or African oil palm - Elaeodendron orientale - Olive wood
- Enterolobium cyclocarpum - Elephant ear treeElephant Ear TreeThe common name elephant ear tree typically refers to Enterolobium cyclocarpum The name may also refer to Macaranga gigantea....
- Eucalyptus citriodoraEucalyptus citriodoraCorymbia citriodora is a tall tree, to 51 metres in height, from temperate and tropical north eastern Australia. It is also known as lemon-scented gum, blue spotted gum and lemon eucalyptus....
- Lemon-scented Gum - Ficus microcarpaFicus microcarpaFicus microcarpa, also known as Chinese Banyan, Malayan Banyan, Indian Laurel or Curtain fig, is a banyan native in the range from Sri Lanka to India, southern China, the Malay Archipelago, the Ryukyu Islands, Australia, and New Caledonia.-Taxonomy:Hill's Weeping Fig is a form of Ficus microcarpa...
- Chinese Banyan - Heritiera littoralisHeritiera littoralisHeritiera littoralis, the looking-glass mangrove is a large tree with wing shaped nuts, which is most easily recognised by the silvery scales on the underside of its leaves, which therefore appear green from top and white from below, although Litsea mellifera A.C. Smith , has the same type of leaves....
- Looking-Glass Mangrove - Hymenaea courbaril - JatobáJatobáHymenaea courbaril is a tree common to the Caribbean, Central, and South America. It is a hardwood that is used for furniture, flooring and decorative purposes....
- Inga laurinaIngaInga is a genus of small tropical, tough-leaved, nitrogen-fixing trees and shrubs, subfamily Mimosoideae. Ingas leaves are pinnate, and flowers are generally white...
- Khaya senegalensisKhaya senegalensisKhaya senegalensis is a species of plant in the Meliaceae family...
- Senegal Mahogany - Kigelia africana - Sausage tree
- Livistona chinensis - Chinese fan palmChinese fan palmLivistona chinensis, the Chinese fan palm or fountain palm, is a species of subtropical palm tree in eastern Asia. It is native to Southern Japan, Taiwan and several Chinese islands in the South China Sea....
- Majidea zanguebaricaMajidea zanguebaricaThe mgambo tree, Majidea zangueberica, native to East Africa is a small tree at maturity growing up to tall. This very ornamental small tree has shiny foliage with an attractive rounded canopy, making it very suitable for small tropical gardens or a container plant in cooler climates...
- Blackpearl - Mangifera indicaMangifera indicaMangifera indica is a species of mango in the Anacardiaceae family. It is found in the wild in India and cultivated varieties have been introduced to other warm regions of the world...
- Mango tree - Melaleuca quinquenerviaMelaleuca quinquenerviaMelaleuca quinquenervia, commonly known as Niaouli or Broad-leaved paperbark or the Paper Bark Tea Tree, is a small- to medium-sized tree of the allspice family, Myrtaceae. The plant is native to New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea and coastal Eastern Australia, from Botany Bay in New South Wales...
- Broad-leaved paperbark - Mimusops coriacea
- Pandanus sanderi - Screw pine
- Pandanus utilisPandanus utilisThe common screwpine is, despite its name, a tropical tree and not a pine.It is native to Madagascar, Mauritius, and the Seychelles.It has been successfully grown by gardeners in Puerto Rico, Florida, and California.-Description:...
- Common screwpine - Peltophorum pterocarpumPeltophorum pterocarpumPeltophorum pterocarpum is a species of Peltophorum, native to tropical southeastern Asia and a popularly ornamental tree grown around the world.-Description:It is a deciduous tree...
- Yellow poinciana - Pterocarpus indicus - AngsanaAngsanaPterocarpus indicus is a species of Pterocarpus native to southeastern Asia, northern Australasia, and the western Pacific Ocean islands, in Cambodia, southernmost China, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the...
- Ravenala madagascariensis - Travellers palmTravellers palmRavenala madagascariensis, commonly known as Traveller's Tree or Traveller's Palm, is a species of plant from Madagascar. It is not a true palm but a member of the bird-of-paradise family, Strelitziaceae...
- Roystonea oleraceaRoystonea oleraceaRoystonea oleracea, sometimes known as the Caribbean Royal Palm, palmiste, Imperial palm or cabbage palm, is a species of palm which is native to the Lesser Antilles, northern South America and Trinidad and Tobago.-Description:...
- Trinidad Royal Palm or Venezuela Royal Palm - Samanea samanSamanea samanAlbizia samanalso known as samanea saman, is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is native to the Neotropics. Its range extends from Mexico south to Peru and Brazil, but it has been widely introduced to South and Southeast Asia, as well as the Pacific Islands, including...
- SamanSamanSaman may refer to:* Saman , a fictional character in the video game Deus Ex: Invisible War* Saman, Iran, a city in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province of Iran* Saman District, an administrative subdivision of Peru...
or rain tree, monkey pod, cenizaro or cow tamarind - Senna siameaSenna siameaSenna siamea , also known as Kassod Tree or Cassod Tree, is a legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, although its exact origin is unknown....
- Siamese cassia - Sterculia foetida - Stinky sterculia or Sterculia nut or Java olive
- Syzygium cumini - JambulJambulJambul is an evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae. Jambul is native to Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia...
or Jamun or Jamblang - Tabebuia pallidaTabebuiaTabebuia is a neotropical genus of about 100 species in the tribe Tecomeae of the family Bignoniaceae. The species range from northern Mexico and southern Florida south to northern Argentina, including the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola and Cuba...
- Cuban pink trumpet tree - Tamarindus indica - TamarindTamarindTamarind is a tree in the family Fabaceae. The genus Tamarindus is monotypic .-Origin:...
- Terminalia arjunaTerminalia arjunaTerminalia arjuna is a tree of the genus Terminalia.-Description:...
- Terminalia catappaTerminalia catappaTerminalia catappa is a large tropical tree in the Leadwood tree family, Combretaceae. The tree has been spread widely by humans and the native range is uncertain. It has long been naturalised in a broad belt extending from Africa to Northern Australia and New Guinea through Southeast Asia and...
- Indian almond, Bengal almond, Singapore almond, Malabar almond, Tropical almond, Sea almond, or Umbrella treeUmbrella treeUmbrella tree can refer to several items:*Under the Umbrella Tree, a 1986 children's television program*Magnolia tripetala, the umbrella magnolia*Musanga cecropioides, the African corkwood*Polyscias murrayi, an Australian rainforest tree... - Vitex doniana - African black plum
- Yucca guatemalensisYucca guatemalensisYucca guatemalensis , is the tallest of the Yucca species. Common names for this species include spineless yucca, soft-tip yucca, blue-stem yucca, giant yucca and itabo. It is native to Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico...
- Spineless yucca
And also:
- Carambole marron
- Coing de Chine
- Ficus banian
- Garcinéa
- Palmier bouteille
- Santal
- Zévis de l'Inde
See also
- Conservatoire botanique national de MascarinConservatoire botanique national de MascarinThe Conservatoire botanique national de Mascarin is a national conservatory and botanical garden located at 2, rue du Père Georges, Colimaçons, Saint-Leu, Réunion, France...
- List of botanical gardens in France