Jean-Pierre Calloc'h
Encyclopedia
Yann-Ber Kalloc'h (21 July 1888 – 10 April 1917), French
writer in Breton
and French
. He died in combat in World War I
, near Urvillers
/Cerizy
(Aisne
)
The Breton Scouting organization Bleimor is named in his honor.
as the son of a fisherman (who died in October 1902) and his wife. He describes his childhood in the autobiographical poem Me zo Ganet kreiz er mor e ( "I was born in the middle of the sea"). Kalloc'h at first wanted to become a Roman Catholic priest and entered the minor seminary
of St. Anne d'Auray in 1900, then the major seminary at Vannes
in October 1905. He was forced to renounce his vocation after his two sisters and his younger brother revealed signs of mental illness
. Since canon law
forbade the priesthood to those for whom relatives suffered from such diseases. He became tutor in various cities including Paris. Taking the bardic name
of Bard Bleimor (Sea Bass), Kalloc'h wrote for various regionalist and autonomist newspapers in the Breton language
.
On October 12, 1915, he wrote a letter to Collin Achilles which became the basis for a 1919 petition in favor of Breton.
In Brittany
, at least six streets bear his name, the names that have made the history of Brittany, 1997.
Yann-Ber Kalloc'h enlisted in the French Army
during World War I
and was killed in action, his name appears in the Panthéon
with 546 other writers who were killed in the war.
In these poems composed in large part to the front, he expresses his deep Roman Catholic faith, love of his native language and feelings in favor of Breton political autonomy.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
writer in Breton
Breton language
Breton is a Celtic language spoken in Brittany , France. Breton is a Brythonic language, descended from the Celtic British language brought from Great Britain to Armorica by migrating Britons during the Early Middle Ages. Like the other Brythonic languages, Welsh and Cornish, it is classified as...
and French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
. He died in combat in World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, near Urvillers
Urvillers
Urvillers is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France....
/Cerizy
Cerizy
Cerizy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France. It is part of the Canton of Moÿ-de-l'Aisne.During the Retreat from Mons on 28 August 1914, the British 12th Lancers charged a dismounted Prussian Guard Dragoon regiment near the village....
(Aisne
Aisne
Aisne is a department in the northern part of France named after the Aisne River.- History :Aisne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Île-de-France, Picardie, and Champagne.Most of the old...
)
The Breton Scouting organization Bleimor is named in his honor.
Life
Yann-Ber Kalloc'h was born on the island of GroixGroix
Groix is an island and a commune in the Morbihan department of the region of Brittany in north-western France.Groix lies a few kilometres of the coast off Lorient. Several ferries a day run from Lorient to Groix....
as the son of a fisherman (who died in October 1902) and his wife. He describes his childhood in the autobiographical poem Me zo Ganet kreiz er mor e ( "I was born in the middle of the sea"). Kalloc'h at first wanted to become a Roman Catholic priest and entered the minor seminary
Seminary
A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is an institution of secondary or post-secondary education for educating students in theology, generally to prepare them for ordination as clergy or for other ministry...
of St. Anne d'Auray in 1900, then the major seminary at Vannes
Vannes
Vannes is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France. It was founded over 2000 years ago.-Geography:Vannes is located on the Gulf of Morbihan at the mouth of two rivers, the Marle and the Vincin. It is around 100 km northwest of Nantes and 450 km south west...
in October 1905. He was forced to renounce his vocation after his two sisters and his younger brother revealed signs of mental illness
Mental illness
A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which is not a part of normal development or culture. Such a disorder may consist of a combination of affective, behavioural,...
. Since canon law
Canon law
Canon law is the body of laws & regulations made or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church , the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the Anglican Communion of...
forbade the priesthood to those for whom relatives suffered from such diseases. He became tutor in various cities including Paris. Taking the bardic name
Bardic name
A bardic name is a pseudonym, used in Wales, Cornwall and Brittany, by poets and other artists, especially those involved in the eisteddfod movement....
of Bard Bleimor (Sea Bass), Kalloc'h wrote for various regionalist and autonomist newspapers in the Breton language
Breton language
Breton is a Celtic language spoken in Brittany , France. Breton is a Brythonic language, descended from the Celtic British language brought from Great Britain to Armorica by migrating Britons during the Early Middle Ages. Like the other Brythonic languages, Welsh and Cornish, it is classified as...
.
On October 12, 1915, he wrote a letter to Collin Achilles which became the basis for a 1919 petition in favor of Breton.
In Brittany
Brittany
Brittany is a cultural and administrative region in the north-west of France. Previously a kingdom and then a duchy, Brittany was united to the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province. Brittany has also been referred to as Less, Lesser or Little Britain...
, at least six streets bear his name, the names that have made the history of Brittany, 1997.
Yann-Ber Kalloc'h enlisted in the French Army
French Army
The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre , is the land-based and largest component of the French Armed Forces.As of 2010, the army employs 123,100 regulars, 18,350 part-time reservists and 7,700 Legionnaires. All soldiers are professionals, following the suspension of conscription, voted in...
during World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
and was killed in action, his name appears in the Panthéon
Pantheon
-Mythology:* Pantheon , the set of gods belonging to a particular mythology* Pantheon * Pantheon, Rome, now a Catholic church, once a temple to the gods of ancient Rome* Any temple dedicated to an entire pantheon-Other buildings:...
with 546 other writers who were killed in the war.
Writings
The literary work which reveals him to be one of the greatest Breton authors is a posthumous collection of poems often mystical, as in Ar deulin (Kneeling, War daoulin year in KLT) published by his friend Pierre Mocaer in 1925. This collection includes the famous poem Me 'zo Ganet kreiz ar e mor (I was born in the middle of the sea).In these poems composed in large part to the front, he expresses his deep Roman Catholic faith, love of his native language and feelings in favor of Breton political autonomy.
Works
- Mem bro (1900)
- Mor du (1900)
- Plaintes (February 1902)
- L'orphelin de la côte (February 1902)
- La dernière parole de Jésus (March 1902)
- Ker-Is (April 1902)
- Les filles de Groix (1902)
- Ar mor (1902)
- La légende de Sainte Catherine (25 November 1904)
- Le prêtre (1904)
- Barde et prêtre (1904)
- Au son de la harpe (1904)
- Hirvoud (1905)
- Dihunamb ! (1905)
- Sant Eugen (12 July 1905)
- Huneeh (1905)
- Kan-Bale er chouanted (1905)
- Au grand outrage (10 March 1906)
- Mon île adorée (1906)
- Er flamanked (1906)
- En neu veuer (1906)
- Gourhemen a houil mat (13 July 1907)
- Kenevo soudard Breih (1907)
- Complainte de M.Noël (1907)
- Gouil mat ! (15 August 1907)
- Nendeleg en harlu (1907)
- Er voraerion (1908)
- Merhed Groai (1908)
- Pardonet d'emb hun Offanseu (1909)
- En eutreu Uzel, person Groé (1695-1717) (1909)
- Étude sur la Boussole Bretonne (1910)
- Au barde-rieur (1911)
- Les tueurs du Breton (1911)
- Ar en deulin (1913, published after World War IWorld War IWorld War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
) - Les Pêcheurs Bretons en Mauritanie
- Les P'tits Poilus de 1915 (1915)