John G. McKnight
Encyclopedia
Magnetic Reference Laboratory
Magnetic Reference Laboratory is an American company founded in 1972 that makes and sells Calibration Tapes for analog audio magnetic tape reproducers in the Open Reel format.- Origins :...
(MRL) in San Jose (formerly Mountain View), California, where he was Engineering Vice-president from 1972 to 1975, and has been the president since 1975. He also develops new products and directs engineering at MRL.
Biography
McKnight was born in Seattle, WashingtonSeattle, Washington
Seattle is the county seat of King County, Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country...
. He received his BS in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...
in 1952, and worked for Ampex
Ampex
Ampex is an American electronics company founded in 1944 by Alexander M. Poniatoff. The name AMPEX is an acronym, created by its founder, which stands for Alexander M. Poniatoff Excellence...
Corp from 1952 thru 1972, except for the years 1953...1956 when he served in the US Army, at the Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS) in New York City, where he also worked at the Gotham Recording studio. At Ampex, he served in the magnetic recording research group, the stereo tape division, and the professional audio division. In addition to research he also worked on the design of the CinemaScope reproducer system; the Models 350, PR-10, and MR-70; improvements in the high-speed duplication system and operating procedures at the Ampex Music (Stereo Tape) Division; and developed the "Ampex Master Equalization" (AME). He has published over 70 technical papers mostly in the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
Audio Engineering Society
Established in 1948, the Audio Engineering Society draws its membership from amongst engineers, scientists, other individuals with an interest or involvement in the professional audio industry. The membership largely comprises engineers developing devices or products for audio, and persons working...
(AES), on the theory and practice of magnetic recording, and on audio engineering. He received the Audio Engineering Society's Publication Award in 1982.
From 1972 to 1974 he was also a consultant to Scully/Metrotech in Mountain View, CA, and to MCI in Ft. Lauderdale, FL, on audio systems and magnetic recording. In 1973 and 1974 he was a member of Judge Sirica's "Advisory Panel on White House Tapes" (“The Watergate Tapes”), and in 1977...79 a member of the Committee on Evaluation of Sound Spectrograms of the United States National Academy of Sciences
United States National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine." As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and...
.
Jay and his wife Brigitte have four adult sons, Ken, Jeff, Rick, and Mike.
His hobbies include hiking, camping and 4-wheel driving; programming in the Forth
Forth
Forth is a structured, imperative, reflective, concatenative, extensible, stack-based computer programming language and programming environment...
computer language; and playing viola in several amateur string quartets, in community orchestras, and in the orchestras of two Gilbert & Sullivan opera companies.
Milestones
While McKnight has had an extensive audio career, there a few milestones that are worth singling out, namely his work on the custom console used by Les PaulLes Paul
Lester William Polsfuss —known as Les Paul—was an American jazz and country guitarist, songwriter and inventor. He was a pioneer in the development of the solid-body electric guitar which made the sound of rock and roll possible. He is credited with many recording innovations...
with his 8-track Ampex machine in 1956 and his work on the Advisory Panel for the Nixon tapes.
Les Paul
When Les PaulLes Paul
Lester William Polsfuss —known as Les Paul—was an American jazz and country guitarist, songwriter and inventor. He was a pioneer in the development of the solid-body electric guitar which made the sound of rock and roll possible. He is credited with many recording innovations...
got the Ampex 8-track machine, he realized that he'd need a custom built console to work with the new multitrack recorder. He hired Rein Narma (chief engineer at Fairchild Recording Equipment) to do the job. McKnight had worked with Narma at Gotham Audio in New York and wound up helping with some of the design and layout, as well as installation.
Nixon Tapes
Although the investigation into the Nixon tapes has been well documented, McKnight has some interesting personal insight, having been on the Advisory Panel:
The first purpose, I recall, was to try to make the tapes that they found more understandable. But before very long they found out that there was an 18-minute gap in one of the tapes, and that's what the panel focused on. What we were able to do was verify which machines had made the recordings and which had been used to erase the recordings. The recordings were made on a Sony Model 800B, a little consumer kind of machine... it ran 15/16ths inches per second, and Nixon's staff had attached a sound-activated start and stop feature. And the Secret Service came through every evening and put new roll of tape on it if it had run out of tape. The machine that was used in the erasure was an Uher 5000, a commonly used German dictation recorder. What we could establish was that you can hear the clicks where the machine's been put in and out of recording mode. And we could establish that the clicks were in fact from going in and out of recording. We could say that the likelihood that it was done accidentally was incredibly remote. The erasing machine was put in and out of recording mode six times, so judge for yourself how likely that was to have been accidental.
Committees
- Member of the Audio Engineering Society Journal Review Board for the years 1960...2007
- Governor of the AES four times (1962...1964, 1971...1973, 1976...1977, and 1980...1982)
- Chairman of the Standards Committee (1971...1974)
- Chairman of the Publications Policy Committee (1977...1978)
- Chairman of the Historical Committee (1999...2006)
- Chair Emeritus of Historical Committee
- Member of standards committees on audio engineering and magnetic recording of the AES, ANSI, CCIR, EIA, IEC, IEEE, NAB, RIAA, and SMPTE
- Presently Chair of the AES Standards Committee Working Group on Analog Recording, SC-03-01.
- Senior member of the IEEE, was a member of the “IRE (IEEE) Professional Group on Audio” when it existed (about 1953...1970)
- Member of the IEEE Magnetics Society since about 1968.
Awards and honors
- 1960 — Fellow of the AES
- 1971 — AES Award
- 1978 — President of the AES
- 1979 — Honorary Member of the AES
- 1990 — AES Board of Governors Award
- 2008 — Distinguished Service Medal Award, for extraordinary service to the Society and contributions to the advancement of knowledge in magnetic recording over a period of more than 50 years