José Mentor Guilherme de Mello
Encyclopedia
José Mentor Guilherme de Mello (Brejo
, Maranhão
, September 18, 1880 - São Luís, Maranhão
, September 15, 1928) was a colonel
of the Brazil
´s National Guard
, an entrepreneur
in the waterway
transport
business
and an exporter. Son of Laureano Guilherme de Mello and Isabel Gomes de Oliveira Mello, with roots in traditional families of Ceará
and Rio Grande do Norte
, particularly of Mossoró
, he worked in the boom of the Amazonia
rubber
extraction
business, and later became a prominent exportation entrepreneur
of plant
leaves
, of carnauba wax
and of babassu and cotton
seed
s, and simultaneously an waterway
transport
businessman, in the brazilian states of Piauí
and Maranhão
.
He was respected, not for the money he had, but for his generosity to the poor. With his entrepreneur
spirit, he greatly contributed to the development of the economics
of the states of Maranhão and Piauí, in the second decade of the 20th century.
and carried by the steamboat
s of the Parnaíba Steam Navigation Company (CNVP) to the Tutóia
Bar (Maranhão
), in the Parnaíba River
delta, where he had an operations base, in Coroatá Island, of his property. From there, the export
was performed by ship
s of the Lloyd Brasileiro Navigation Company and of the Booth Line that arrived in Tutóia port
.
of the city of Parnaíba
(PI
), and of which he was co-owner, had the following SteamShips: S.S. Barão de Uruçuí, T.S.S. Christino Cruz (the only one of the fleet to come to Brazil
browsing the Atlantic Ocean
from England
, where it was manufactured), S.S. Igaraçu, S.S. João Castro, S.S. Piauhy, S.S. Teresinense, S.S. Marquês de Paranaguá and S.S. Senador Cruz. During this period, his export
activities contributed significantly for the state of Piauí
to reach the seventh place in the rank of Brazilian states by amounts exported.
Brejo
Brejo is a town and municipality in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast region of Brazil.-References:...
, Maranhão
Maranhão
Maranhão is a northeastern state of Brazil. To the north lies the Atlantic Ocean. Maranhão is neighbored by the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent...
, September 18, 1880 - São Luís, Maranhão
Maranhão
Maranhão is a northeastern state of Brazil. To the north lies the Atlantic Ocean. Maranhão is neighbored by the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent...
, September 15, 1928) was a colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
of the Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
´s National Guard
National Guard
The term National Guard originally referred to a French citizen militia . The term is now used in many countries. Depending on the country in question, "national guard" may refer to an organized militia, a military force, a paramilitary force, a gendarmerie, or a police force:- Americas :* National...
, an entrepreneur
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is an owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative.The term was originally a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to a person who is willing to...
in the waterway
Waterway
A waterway is any navigable body of water. Waterways can include rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, and canals. In order for a waterway to be navigable, it must meet several criteria:...
transport
Transport
Transport or transportation is the movement of people, cattle, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations...
business
Business
A business is an organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and administered to earn profit to increase the wealth of their owners. Businesses may also be not-for-profit...
and an exporter. Son of Laureano Guilherme de Mello and Isabel Gomes de Oliveira Mello, with roots in traditional families of Ceará
Ceará
Ceará is one of the 27 states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is currently the 8th largest Brazilian State by population and the 17th by area. It is also one of the main touristic destinations in Brazil. The state capital is the city of...
and Rio Grande do Norte
Rio Grande do Norte
Rio Grande do Norte is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern region of the country, occupying the northeasternmost tip of the South American continent. Because of its geographic position, Rio Grande do Norte has a strategic importance. The capital and largest city is Natal...
, particularly of Mossoró
Mossoró
Mossoró is the second most populous city in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. It is equidistant from Natal , the state capital of Rio Grande do Norte, and from Fortaleza , the capital of the state of Ceará...
, he worked in the boom of the Amazonia
Amazônia Legal
Amazônia Legal is the largest socio-geographic division of the South American nation of Brazil, which contains all of its territory in the Amazon Basin...
rubber
Rubber
Natural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, is an elastomer that was originally derived from latex, a milky colloid produced by some plants. The plants would be ‘tapped’, that is, an incision made into the bark of the tree and the sticky, milk colored latex sap collected and refined...
extraction
Extraction
Extraction may refer to:* Extraction , an album by guitarist Greg Howe* Extraction , the separation of a substance from a matrix* Extraction , the removal of someone from a hostile area to a secure location...
business, and later became a prominent exportation entrepreneur
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is an owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative.The term was originally a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to a person who is willing to...
of plant
Plant
Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Precise definitions of the kingdom vary, but as the term is used here, plants include familiar organisms such as trees, flowers, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The group is also called green plants or...
leaves
Leaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants....
, of carnauba wax
Wax
thumb|right|[[Cetyl palmitate]], a typical wax ester.Wax refers to a class of chemical compounds that are plastic near ambient temperatures. Characteristically, they melt above 45 °C to give a low viscosity liquid. Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in organic, nonpolar solvents...
and of babassu and cotton
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
seed
Seed
A seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant...
s, and simultaneously an waterway
Waterway
A waterway is any navigable body of water. Waterways can include rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, and canals. In order for a waterway to be navigable, it must meet several criteria:...
transport
Transport
Transport or transportation is the movement of people, cattle, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations...
businessman, in the brazilian states of Piauí
Piauí
Piauí is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country.Piauí has the shortest coastline of any of the non-landlocked Brazilian states at 66 km , and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the north east to be located inland...
and Maranhão
Maranhão
Maranhão is a northeastern state of Brazil. To the north lies the Atlantic Ocean. Maranhão is neighbored by the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent...
.
He was respected, not for the money he had, but for his generosity to the poor. With his entrepreneur
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is an owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative.The term was originally a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to a person who is willing to...
spirit, he greatly contributed to the development of the economics
Economics
Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...
of the states of Maranhão and Piauí, in the second decade of the 20th century.
The exporter
The plant products that were exported by José Mentor were acquired from producers along the Parnaíba RiverParnaiba River
The Parnaíba River is a river in Brazil, which forms the border between the states of Maranhão and Piauí. The Parnaíba River rises in the Chapada das Mangabeiras range, and flows northeastward for 1,056 miles to empty into the Atlantic Ocean. The middle and upper regions of this river are...
and carried by the steamboat
Steamboat
A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels...
s of the Parnaíba Steam Navigation Company (CNVP) to the Tutóia
Tutóia
Tutóia is a town and municipality in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast region of Brazil.-References:...
Bar (Maranhão
Maranhão
Maranhão is a northeastern state of Brazil. To the north lies the Atlantic Ocean. Maranhão is neighbored by the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent...
), in the Parnaíba River
Parnaiba River
The Parnaíba River is a river in Brazil, which forms the border between the states of Maranhão and Piauí. The Parnaíba River rises in the Chapada das Mangabeiras range, and flows northeastward for 1,056 miles to empty into the Atlantic Ocean. The middle and upper regions of this river are...
delta, where he had an operations base, in Coroatá Island, of his property. From there, the export
Export
The term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an "exporter" who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an "importer"...
was performed by ship
Ship
Since the end of the age of sail a ship has been any large buoyant marine vessel. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size and cargo or passenger capacity. Ships are used on lakes, seas, and rivers for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods, fishing,...
s of the Lloyd Brasileiro Navigation Company and of the Booth Line that arrived in Tutóia port
Port
A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land....
.
The waterway transport businessman
In 1914, the Parnaíba Steam Navigation Company, which was headquartered at the pierPier
A pier is a raised structure, including bridge and building supports and walkways, over water, typically supported by widely spread piles or pillars...
of the city of Parnaíba
Parnaíba
Parnaíba is a port city in Piauí, Brazil, on the right bank of the Parnaíba River, 360 km north of the capital, Teresina. It is one of the only four coastal cities of the state....
(PI
Piauí
Piauí is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country.Piauí has the shortest coastline of any of the non-landlocked Brazilian states at 66 km , and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the north east to be located inland...
), and of which he was co-owner, had the following SteamShips: S.S. Barão de Uruçuí, T.S.S. Christino Cruz (the only one of the fleet to come to Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
browsing the Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...
from England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, where it was manufactured), S.S. Igaraçu, S.S. João Castro, S.S. Piauhy, S.S. Teresinense, S.S. Marquês de Paranaguá and S.S. Senador Cruz. During this period, his export
Export
The term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an "exporter" who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an "importer"...
activities contributed significantly for the state of Piauí
Piauí
Piauí is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country.Piauí has the shortest coastline of any of the non-landlocked Brazilian states at 66 km , and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the north east to be located inland...
to reach the seventh place in the rank of Brazilian states by amounts exported.