Junkers F.13
Encyclopedia
The Junkers
F.13 (also known as the F 13) was the world's first all-metal transport aircraft, developed in Germany
at the end of World War I
. It was an advanced cantilever-wing monoplane
, with enclosed accommodation for four passengers. Over 300 were sold. It was in production for 13 years and in commercial service almost 20.
age, with only Fokker
's designs of comparable modernity. It was the world's first all-metal passenger aircraft and Junkers' first commercial aircraft.
The designation letter F stood for Flugzeug, aircraft; it was the first Junkers aeroplane to use this system. Earlier Junkers notation labelled it J 13. Russian built aircraft used the designation Ju 13.
Like all Junkers designs, from the 1918 J 7 to the 1932 Ju 46
, some 35 models, it used an aluminium
alloy (duralumin
) structure entirely covered with Junkers' characteristic corrugated and stressed
duralumin skin. Internally, the wing was built up on nine circular cross-section duralumin spar
s with transverse bracing. All control surfaces were horn balanced.
Behind the single engine was a semi-enclosed cockpit
for the crew, roofed but without side glazing. There was an enclosed and heated cabin
for four passengers with windows and doors in the fuselage
sides. Passenger seats were fitted with seat belts, unusual for the time. The F.13 used a fixed conventional split landing gear
with a rear skid, though some variants landed on floats or on skis.
The F 13 first flew on 25 June 1919, powered by a 127 kW (170 hp) Mercedes D IIIa in-line upright water-cooled engine. The first production machines had a wing of greater span and area and had the more powerful 140 kW (185 hp) BMW IIIa upright in-line water-cooled motor.
Many variants were built using Mercedes, BMW and Junkers liquid-cooled inline engines
, see Variants below and by Armstrong Siddeley
Puma, Gnome-Rhône Jupiter
and Pratt & Whitney Hornet
radial engine
s. The variants were mostly distinguished by a two letter code, the first letter signifying the airframe
and the second the engine. Junkers L5-engined variants all had second letter -e, so type -fe was the long fuselage -f airframe with a L5 engine.
Any manufacturer of civil aircraft immediately after World War I
was faced with competition from the very large numbers of surplus warplanes that might be cheaply converted - for example, the DH.9C
. German manufacturers had further problems with the restrictions imposed by the Inter-Allied Aeronautical Commission of Control, which banned the production of warplanes and of any aircraft in the period of 1921-2. Junkers picked up orders abroad in 1919 in Austria, Poland and the USA and, in the following years with SCADTA
(Colombia) and the United States Post Office Department
. John Larsen Aircraft in the USA purchased a production licence, their machines being designated JL-6. In 1922 there were sales in England, France Italy and Japan.
In Bolivia, LAB's
first airplane was a Junkers F-13; first flight took off from Cochabamba on September 23, 1925.
Junkers set up its own airline - Junkers Luftverkehr AG in 1921 - to encourage the acquisition of the F.13 by German airlines which was flying 60 of them by 1923. They also established a branch of this airline in Iran. Other marketing techniques were used, providing F.13s on cheap leases and free loans, with such effect that some 16 operators across Europe were flying them. When Junkers Luftverkehr merged into Luft Hansa
in 1926, 9.5 million miles had been flown by them. Luft Hansa itself bought 55 aircraft and in 1928 were using them on 43 domestic routes. Even in 1937, their F.13s were flying over 50 flights per week on four routes. They were finally withdrawn in 1938.
Most of the F.13s produced before completion of the marque in 1932 were built at Junkers German base at Dessau
. During the difficult 1921-3 period production was transferred to Junkers plants at Danzig
and Reval
. In 1922-3, Hugo Junkers
signed a contract with the Soviet Union
to produce the aircraft in a Soviet factory at Fili
near Moscow which became known as "Plant no. 22". Some of these aircraft served Soviet airlines and some the Red Army
.
There were some other military users. The Colombian Air Force
used the F.13 (and the related W.33, W.34 and K.43) as bombers in the Colombia-Peru War
in 1932-3. The Republic of China
flew F.13s converted into scout
bomber
s until the January 28 Incident
in 1932, when they were destroyed by the Japan
ese along with the Shanghai Aircraft Factory. The Turkish Flying Forces flew a few.
F.13a: first production aircraft with 140 kW (185 hp) BMW IIIa motor.
F.13ba, ca, da, fa: all with the 149 kW (200 hp) Junkers L2 upright in-line water-cooled engine and a series of structural modifications. The fa variant was about 1 m (3 ft) longer.
F.13be, ce, de, fe: as the above but all with 230 kW (310 hp) Junkers L5 upright in-line water-cooled engines.
F.13dle, fle, ge, he, ke: variants with the Junkers L5 above.
F.13bi, ci, di, fi,: as ca to fa but all with the 186 kW (250 hp) BMW IV engine.
F.13co, fo, ko: with the 230 kW (310 hp) BMW Va engine.
Junkers-Larsen JL-6:American version of the F.13 built by Junkers-Larsen. Eight built.
Afghanistan
Argentina
Austria
Bolivia
Brazil
Kingdom of Bulgaria
:
Free City of Danzig
Germany
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Lithuania
Soviet Union
South Africa
United States
In storage or under restoration
Junkers
Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke AG , more commonly Junkers, was a major German aircraft manufacturer. It produced some of the world's most innovative and best-known airplanes over the course of its fifty-plus year history in Dessau, Germany. It was founded there in 1895 by Hugo Junkers,...
F.13 (also known as the F 13) was the world's first all-metal transport aircraft, developed in Germany
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government...
at the end of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. It was an advanced cantilever-wing monoplane
Monoplane
A monoplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with one main set of wing surfaces, in contrast to a biplane or triplane. Since the late 1930s it has been the most common form for a fixed wing aircraft.-Types of monoplane:...
, with enclosed accommodation for four passengers. Over 300 were sold. It was in production for 13 years and in commercial service almost 20.
Design and development
The F.13 was a very advanced aircraft when built, an aerodynamically clean all-metal low-wing cantilever (without external bracing) monoplane. Even later in the 1920s, it and other Junkers types were unusual as unbraced monoplanes in a biplaneBiplane
A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two superimposed main wings. The Wright brothers' Wright Flyer used a biplane design, as did most aircraft in the early years of aviation. While a biplane wing structure has a structural advantage, it produces more drag than a similar monoplane wing...
age, with only Fokker
Fokker
Fokker was a Dutch aircraft manufacturer named after its founder, Anthony Fokker. The company operated under several different names, starting out in 1912 in Schwerin, Germany, moving to the Netherlands in 1919....
's designs of comparable modernity. It was the world's first all-metal passenger aircraft and Junkers' first commercial aircraft.
The designation letter F stood for Flugzeug, aircraft; it was the first Junkers aeroplane to use this system. Earlier Junkers notation labelled it J 13. Russian built aircraft used the designation Ju 13.
Like all Junkers designs, from the 1918 J 7 to the 1932 Ju 46
Junkers Ju 46
|-See also:-Bibliography:...
, some 35 models, it used an aluminium
Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
alloy (duralumin
Duralumin
Duralumin is the trade name of one of the earliest types of age-hardenable aluminium alloys. The main alloying constituents are copper, manganese, and magnesium. A commonly used modern equivalent of this alloy type is AA2024, which contains 4.4% copper, 1.5% magnesium, 0.6% manganese and 93.5%...
) structure entirely covered with Junkers' characteristic corrugated and stressed
Stressed skin
In mechanical engineering, stressed skin is a type of rigid construction, intermediate between monocoque and a rigid frame with a non-loaded covering:...
duralumin skin. Internally, the wing was built up on nine circular cross-section duralumin spar
Spar (aviation)
In a fixed-wing aircraft, the spar is often the main structural member of the wing, running spanwise at right angles to the fuselage. The spar carries flight loads and the weight of the wings whilst on the ground...
s with transverse bracing. All control surfaces were horn balanced.
Behind the single engine was a semi-enclosed cockpit
Cockpit
A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft. Most modern cockpits are enclosed, except on some small aircraft, and cockpits on large airliners are also physically separated from the cabin...
for the crew, roofed but without side glazing. There was an enclosed and heated cabin
Aircraft cabin
An aircraft cabin is the section of an aircraft in which passengers travel. At cruising altitudes of modern commercial aircraft the surrounding atmosphere is too thin to breathe without an oxygen mask, so cabins are pressurized at a higher pressure than ambient pressure at altitude.In commercial...
for four passengers with windows and doors in the fuselage
Fuselage
The fuselage is an aircraft's main body section that holds crew and passengers or cargo. In single-engine aircraft it will usually contain an engine, although in some amphibious aircraft the single engine is mounted on a pylon attached to the fuselage which in turn is used as a floating hull...
sides. Passenger seats were fitted with seat belts, unusual for the time. The F.13 used a fixed conventional split landing gear
Undercarriage
The undercarriage or landing gear in aviation, is the structure that supports an aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi, takeoff and land...
with a rear skid, though some variants landed on floats or on skis.
The F 13 first flew on 25 June 1919, powered by a 127 kW (170 hp) Mercedes D IIIa in-line upright water-cooled engine. The first production machines had a wing of greater span and area and had the more powerful 140 kW (185 hp) BMW IIIa upright in-line water-cooled motor.
Many variants were built using Mercedes, BMW and Junkers liquid-cooled inline engines
Inline engine (aviation)
In aviation, an inline engine means any reciprocating engine with banks rather than rows of cylinders, including straight engines, flat engines, V engines and H engines, but excluding radial engines and rotary engines....
, see Variants below and by Armstrong Siddeley
Armstrong Siddeley
Armstrong Siddeley was a British engineering group that operated during the first half of the 20th century. It was formed in 1919 and is best known for the production of luxury motor cars and aircraft engines.-Siddeley Autocars:...
Puma, Gnome-Rhône Jupiter
Bristol Jupiter
The Bristol Jupiter was a British nine-cylinder single-row piston radial engine built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company. Originally designed late in World War I and known as the Cosmos Jupiter, a lengthy series of upgrades and developments turned it into one of the finest engines of its era.The...
and Pratt & Whitney Hornet
Pratt & Whitney R-1690
|-See also:-External links:*...
radial engine
Radial engine
The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central crankshaft like the spokes on a wheel...
s. The variants were mostly distinguished by a two letter code, the first letter signifying the airframe
Airframe
The airframe of an aircraft is its mechanical structure. It is typically considered to include fuselage, wings and undercarriage and exclude the propulsion system...
and the second the engine. Junkers L5-engined variants all had second letter -e, so type -fe was the long fuselage -f airframe with a L5 engine.
Operational history
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
was faced with competition from the very large numbers of surplus warplanes that might be cheaply converted - for example, the DH.9C
Airco DH.9
The Airco DH.9 - also known after 1920 as the de Havilland DH.9 - was a British bomber used in the First World War...
. German manufacturers had further problems with the restrictions imposed by the Inter-Allied Aeronautical Commission of Control, which banned the production of warplanes and of any aircraft in the period of 1921-2. Junkers picked up orders abroad in 1919 in Austria, Poland and the USA and, in the following years with SCADTA
SCADTA
The Colombian-German Air Transport Society , or SCADTA, was the world's second airline, and the first airline of the American continent, operating from 1919 until World War II. After the war, SCADTA merged with Colombian regional carrier Colombian Air Service , or SACO. Together, SCADTA and SACO...
(Colombia) and the United States Post Office Department
United States Post Office Department
The Post Office Department was the name of the United States Postal Service when it was a Cabinet department. It was headed by the Postmaster General....
. John Larsen Aircraft in the USA purchased a production licence, their machines being designated JL-6. In 1922 there were sales in England, France Italy and Japan.
In Bolivia, LAB's
Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano
Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano S.A. was an airline serving as flag carrier of Bolivia. It operated domestic and international flights, aiming at passenger as well as cargo transport. LAB was active for more than 80 years, having been based in Cochabamba most of the time, with Cochabamba Airport being an...
first airplane was a Junkers F-13; first flight took off from Cochabamba on September 23, 1925.
Junkers set up its own airline - Junkers Luftverkehr AG in 1921 - to encourage the acquisition of the F.13 by German airlines which was flying 60 of them by 1923. They also established a branch of this airline in Iran. Other marketing techniques were used, providing F.13s on cheap leases and free loans, with such effect that some 16 operators across Europe were flying them. When Junkers Luftverkehr merged into Luft Hansa
Deutsche Luft Hansa
Deutsche Luft Hansa A.G. was a German airline, serving as flag carrier of the country during the later years of the Weimar Republic and throughout the Third Reich.-1920s:Deutsche Luft Hansa was founded on 6 January 1926 in Berlin...
in 1926, 9.5 million miles had been flown by them. Luft Hansa itself bought 55 aircraft and in 1928 were using them on 43 domestic routes. Even in 1937, their F.13s were flying over 50 flights per week on four routes. They were finally withdrawn in 1938.
Most of the F.13s produced before completion of the marque in 1932 were built at Junkers German base at Dessau
Dessau
Dessau is a town in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt. Since 1 July 2007, it is part of the merged town Dessau-Roßlau. Population of Dessau proper: 77,973 .-Geography:...
. During the difficult 1921-3 period production was transferred to Junkers plants at Danzig
Gdansk
Gdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...
and Reval
Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 414,940. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list...
. In 1922-3, Hugo Junkers
Hugo Junkers
Hugo Junkers was an innovative German engineer, as his many patents in varied areas show...
signed a contract with the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
to produce the aircraft in a Soviet factory at Fili
Fili
A fili was a member of an elite class of poets in Ireland, up into the Renaissance, when the Irish class system was dismantled.-Elite scholars:According to the Textbook of Irish Literature, by Eleanor Hull:-Oral tradition:...
near Moscow which became known as "Plant no. 22". Some of these aircraft served Soviet airlines and some the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
.
There were some other military users. The Colombian Air Force
Colombian Air Force
The Colombian Air Force or FAC is the Air Force of the Republic of Colombia.The Colombian Air Force is one of the three institutions of the Armed Forces of Colombia, charge according to the 1991 Constitution of the work to exercise and maintain control of Colombia's airspace to defend the...
used the F.13 (and the related W.33, W.34 and K.43) as bombers in the Colombia-Peru War
Colombia-Peru War
The Colombia–Peru War was an armed conflict between the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Peru.-Civilian takeover:...
in 1932-3. The Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
flew F.13s converted into scout
Scout plane
The term scout plane refers to a type of surveillance aircraft, usually of single-engined, two/three seats, shipborne type, and used for the purpose of discovering an enemy position and directing artillery...
bomber
Bomber
A bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets, by dropping bombs on them, or – in recent years – by launching cruise missiles at them.-Classifications of bombers:...
s until the January 28 Incident
January 28 Incident
The January 28 Incident was a short war between the armies of the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan, before official hostilities of the Second Sino-Japanese War commenced in 1937.- Naming :...
in 1932, when they were destroyed by the Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
ese along with the Shanghai Aircraft Factory. The Turkish Flying Forces flew a few.
Variants
F.13: first prototype, smaller wings (span 14.47 m/47 ft 5.75 in, area 38.9 m² /419 ft²) and less powerful engine 127 kW (170 hp) Mercedes D IIIa in-line) than production models.F.13a: first production aircraft with 140 kW (185 hp) BMW IIIa motor.
F.13ba, ca, da, fa: all with the 149 kW (200 hp) Junkers L2 upright in-line water-cooled engine and a series of structural modifications. The fa variant was about 1 m (3 ft) longer.
F.13be, ce, de, fe: as the above but all with 230 kW (310 hp) Junkers L5 upright in-line water-cooled engines.
F.13dle, fle, ge, he, ke: variants with the Junkers L5 above.
F.13bi, ci, di, fi,: as ca to fa but all with the 186 kW (250 hp) BMW IV engine.
F.13co, fo, ko: with the 230 kW (310 hp) BMW Va engine.
Junkers-Larsen JL-6:American version of the F.13 built by Junkers-Larsen. Eight built.
Operators
Afghanistan
- Afghan Air ForceAfghan Air ForceThe Afghan Air Force , formerly the Afghan National Army Air Corps and Afghan National Army Air Force , is one of seven "corps" of the military of Afghanistan, responsible for air defense and air warfare. It was officially established in 1924 and for most of its history has functioned as a small...
acquired four aircraft from 1924 through 1928.
Argentina Austria
- Austrian Air Force (1927-1938)Austrian Air Force (1927-1938)The Austrian Air Force of the interwar period began as a paramilitary organisation and was secretly built up by the government before union with Germany .- History :...
- Österreichische Luftverkehrs AG (ÖLAG) started flying with F.13 and operated 24 aircraft
Bolivia
- Lloyd Aéreo BolivianoLloyd Aéreo BolivianoLloyd Aéreo Boliviano S.A. was an airline serving as flag carrier of Bolivia. It operated domestic and international flights, aiming at passenger as well as cargo transport. LAB was active for more than 80 years, having been based in Cochabamba most of the time, with Cochabamba Airport being an...
received the first F.13 as a gift from the German community on the occasion of the centennial of Bolivian independence.
Brazil
- Syndicato Condor - Serviços Aéreos Condor
- VarigVarigVARIG was the first airline founded in Brazil, in 1927. From 1965 until 1990 it was Brazil's leading and almost only international airline...
Kingdom of Bulgaria
- BunavadBunavadBunavad was the first national airline of Bulgaria...
operated two aircraft between 1927 and 1928.
:
- SCADTASCADTAThe Colombian-German Air Transport Society , or SCADTA, was the world's second airline, and the first airline of the American continent, operating from 1919 until World War II. After the war, SCADTA merged with Colombian regional carrier Colombian Air Service , or SACO. Together, SCADTA and SACO...
(AviancaAviancaAvianca S.A. is the flag carrier airline of Colombia since December 5, 1919 when it was initially registered under the name SCADTA. It is headquartered in Bogotá, D.C. with its hub at the El Dorado International Airport...
) - Colombian Air ForceColombian Air ForceThe Colombian Air Force or FAC is the Air Force of the Republic of Colombia.The Colombian Air Force is one of the three institutions of the Armed Forces of Colombia, charge according to the 1991 Constitution of the work to exercise and maintain control of Colombia's airspace to defend the...
Free City of DanzigFree City of Danzig
The Free City of Danzig was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig and surrounding areas....
- Danziger Luftpost
- Lloyd Ostflug
- Aeronaut operated F.13 between 1922 and 1927.
- Aero AirwaysFinnairFinnair Plc is the flag carrier and largest airline of Finland, with its headquarters on the grounds of Helsinki Airport in Vantaa, Finland, and its main hub at Helsinki Airport. Finnair and its subsidiaries dominate both the domestic and international air travel markets in Finland. The largest...
- Kauhajoki Flying Club
- Finnish Air ForceFinnish Air ForceThe Finnish Air Force is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. Its peacetime tasks are airspace surveillance, identification flights, and production of readiness formations for wartime conditions...
Germany
- Junkers Luftverkehr, primary user until merger with Deutscher Aero Lloyd into Deutsche Luft Hansa
- Deutsche Luft HansaDeutsche Luft HansaDeutsche Luft Hansa A.G. was a German airline, serving as flag carrier of the country during the later years of the Weimar Republic and throughout the Third Reich.-1920s:Deutsche Luft Hansa was founded on 6 January 1926 in Berlin...
operated about 110 aircraft, a large part taken over from Junkers Luftverkehr
Hungary
- AeroexpressAeroexpressAeroexpress Ltd. is the air rail link operator in Moscow, Russia. It was formed in 2005. The company is owned by JSC "Russian Railways" and "TransGroup AS" Ltd., each owning 50% shares....
operated six aircraft between 1923 and 1927.
Iceland
- Flugfélag Íslands operated three aircraft between 1928 and 1931.
Italy Lithuania- Mongolian People's Army Air ForceMongolian People's ArmyThe Mongolian People's Army or Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army was established on 18 March 1921 as a secondary army under Soviet Red Army command during the 1920s and during World War II.-Creation of the army:One of the first actions of the new Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party...
operated 3 aircraft between 1925 and 1931.
- Aero-Targ leased six aircraft from Danziger Luftpost in 1921.
- Aerolloyd (later renamed Aerolot) operated 16 aircraft between 1922 and 1929.
- LOT Polish AirlinesLOT Polish AirlinesPolskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. , trading as LOT Polish Airlines, is the flag carrier of Poland. Based in Warsaw, LOT was established in 1929, making it one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation. Using a fleet of 55 aircraft, LOT operates a complex network to 60 destinations in Europe,...
took over 15 remaining aircraft from Aerolot and operated them between 1929 and 1936.
- Serviços Aéreos Portugueses operated one aircraft between 1929 and 1931.
Soviet Union
- AviaarktikaAviaarktikaAviaarktika was a Soviet airline which started operations on 1 September 1930 and was absorbed by Aeroflot on 3 January 1960.-History:Aviaarktika was the flying branch of the Department of Polar Aviation of Glavsevmorput. Its first head was Mark Shevelev and it was originally based in Krasnoyarsk...
operated several aircraft.
South Africa
- South African AirwaysSouth African AirwaysSouth African Airways is the national flag carrier and largest airline of South Africa, with headquarters in Airways Park on the grounds of OR Tambo International Airport in Kempton Park, Ekurhuleni, Gauteng. The airline flies to 36 destinations worldwide from its hub at OR Tambo International...
operated four aircraft obtained from Union Airways.
- Swedish Air ForceSwedish Air ForceThe Swedish Air Force is the air force branch of the Swedish Armed Forces.-History:The Swedish Air Force was created on July 1, 1926 when the aircraft units of the Army and Navy were merged. Because of the escalating international tension during the 1930s the Air Force was reorganized and expanded...
- Ad Astra AeroAd Astra AeroAd Astra Aero was a Swiss airline.-Time of the pioneers:Initiated by Oskar Bider and Fritz Rihner, in July 1919 the «Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Lufttourismus» was established in Zürich...
operated at least four F.13s (registered CH-91/92/93/94) between 1919 and probably 1930.
- Turkish Air ForceTurkish Air ForceThe Turkish Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. It ranks 3rd in NATO in terms of fleet size behind the USAF and Royal Air Force with a current inventory of 798 aircraft .-Initial stages:...
operated three aircraft between 1925 and 1933. - Turkish Air Post operated two ex-military aircraft between 1933 and 1938.
- Turkish Mapping Command operated one ex-Air Force aircraft (serial no: 882) equipped with aerial photo system from 1933 to 1938.
- Civil register lists five F.13s during 1930s
United States
- United States Post Office DepartmentUnited States Post Office DepartmentThe Post Office Department was the name of the United States Postal Service when it was a Cabinet department. It was headed by the Postmaster General....
Survivors
Aircraft on display- Reserve collection Musée de l'Air et de l'EspaceMusée de l'Air et de l'EspaceThe French Air and Space Museum is a French museum, located in the south-eastern edge of Le Bourget Airport, north of Paris, and in the commune of Le Bourget. It was created in 1919 from a proposition of Albert Caquot .-Description:Occupying over of land and hangars, it is one of the oldest...
, le Bourget, Paris, France - Deutsches MuseumDeutsches MuseumThe Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany, is the world's largest museum of technology and science, with approximately 1.5 million visitors per year and about 28,000 exhibited objects from 50 fields of science and technology. The museum was founded on June 28, 1903, at a meeting of the Association...
Munich, Germany - Budapest Aircraft Museum, Transport Museum of BudapestTransport Museum of BudapestThe Közlekedési Múzeum or Transport Museum of Budapest is one of Europe’s oldest transportation collections.It is a must for railway connoisseurs and amateurs. This museum has a unique collection of locomotives and wagons on a 1:5 scale. This means that a locomotive of, for example, 10 m length is...
, Hungary - SE-AAC, ex-D-343, Tekniska museet, Stockholm, Sweden
In storage or under restoration
- Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin, Germany
Specifications (F 13 - 1919)
Specifications (F.13fe - 1928)
Further reading
From The Hugo Junkers site- Waernberg: Junkers F-13 det forsta trafikflygplanet i Sverige (Karlskrona 1992, ISBN 0345-3413)
- Vagvolgyi: Junkers F-13 : a Junkers repulogepek tortenete 1909-tol 1932-ig"
- Stroud: Wings of Peace: The Junkers F13 (Aeroplane Monthly)
- Pohlmann: Prof. Junkers nannte es "Die Fliege" (ISBN 3-87943-982-6)
- Wagner: Junkers F13 und ihre Vorlaeufer (ISBN 3-88064-015-7)
- Endres: The Junkers F13 in Poland (Air Pictorial)