Jám Feróz
Encyclopedia
Jam Ferozudin bin Jam Nizamudin , more usually known as Jam Feroz (1508–1527), was the last ruler of the Samma Dynasty of Sindh
.
From the beginning the management of the state affairs was in the hands of his guardian, thus when Feroz was a young man, he spent his time in his harem and seldom went out. Whenever he did go out he gave himself up to the enjoyment of song and dance of dancing girls and the jokes of jesters. In his time the Sammahs and their Khaskhelis (slaves) were causing a lot of troubles for the ordinary people, and when Darya Khan checked them they spoke ill of him. Khan was therefore obliged to resign his post and to come to Kahan, which was his Jagir. The most learned men of the time lived in that village, Makhdum Abdul Aziz Abhari, Maolaua Asiruddin Abhari, and his son Maolana Muhammad. They had come from Herat in 928 A H. (1521 A.D.) when king Ismail was expelled. These savants had since been teaching and improving the manners and morals of the people in general. Maolana Asiruddin was well read in religious law and had written many books on history and other learned sciences. He had written commentaries on many complex books. He died at Kahan where his tomb is still visited by people.
In short, owing to the misbehaviour of Feroz and his disregard of state affairs, his people wrote a letter to Salahuddin informing him how Feroz was often indifferent to their wishes and wants, that Darya Khan, who was the best manager of affairs had also left him and that it was a good opportunity for him to come. When Salahuddin got this letter from the people of Tatta, he showed it to Sultan Muzaffar, king of Gujrat, who sent him with a large army to Tatta. He arrived near the place after hurried marches and crossed over to the town. Meanwhile the people managed to spirit Feroz out of the town by another way. Thus Jam Salahuddin quietly went and occupied the throne. The Khaskhelis captured Feroz and demanded a large sum of money. His mother then brought Feroz to Darya Khan at Kahan, where in his presence he repented of his past doings and asked for his pardon. Khan remembered his old privileges and determined to do something about the matter. He began to gather an army and soon the people of Bakhar and Sehwan assembled under Feroz’s standard. The tribes of Balóch also pitched in.
Having thus arrayed his forces Khan proceeded to meet Salahuddin. The latter wanted to anticipate his adversary, but his Wazir Haji advised him to remain where he was and to depute him to go and fight with his enemy and Salahuddin agreed to go along. Shortly after, the battle commenced and many a brave soldier was killed on both sides. Khan was eventually defeated and his army fled. Haji, while still on his horse, wrote a letter to his master informing him of their victory. As it was night, he could not pursue the flying forces of the enemy. The messengers with the letters fell into the hands of Khan, who instantly prepared other letters of a different nature on behalf of Haji containing the news of the defeat of Salahuddin’s army and the advice that as the enemy was strong, he (Salahuddin) should leave Tatta with his family and that Haji would meet him at the village of Chachikan.* Upon receipt of these letters, Salahuddin left the place and crossed the river on the ninth of Ramazan without waiting to break the fast, which he had observed in that holy month. He was thus finally defeated and deprived of his kingdom. His reign had lasted eight months.
When Salahuddin met Haji later and the latter reproachingly inquired about the reason of his abruptly leaving the capital, Salahuddin produced the letter he had received, showing it to him. Haji in surprise denied the fact of having written it. They at once understood that Khan had played the trick. For this they felt much annoyed but it was too late at that point and they suffered great remorse.
Khan pursued them to several stages, and then returning, he brought Feroz to Tatta on the holiday of Ramazan id and offered joint prayers at the public prayer-ground. From that time Feroz continued to reign quietly for several years.
Though Jam Feroz reigned undisturbed, he entertained secret fears of Khan. As a precautionary measure he enlisted in his service Kibak Arghun and a large number of men belonging to the tribes of Mughuls, who had during his reign, left Shahbeg Arghun and came to Tatta. Feroz gave them a quarter of the town, called Mughal-Warah, to live in. He secretly flattered himself for his policy in securing the services of intrepid men to check Darya Khan, but he never for a minute imagined what ruin these men were destined to bring on him. For, it was through some of these men that Shahbeg Arghun was induced to invade and conquer Sind in 926 A.H. (1519) CE, which resulted in the displacement of the Samma dynasty of rulers by that of Arghun. Feroz was exiled to Sultanate of Gujarat, Sultan
Qutb ud-Din Bahadur. When the Mughal Empire
and Sultanate of Gujarat collied under Emperor Humayun
, Feroz was killed at Khambhat
in a misunderstanding.
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
.
History
Feroz succeeded his father Jam Nizamuddin at a young age and owing to his age, Darya Khan, whom the late Jam had called his son, came forward as Feroz's guardian. In fact it was through the exertions of Sardar Darya Khan and other chief courtiers of the late Jam that Feroz was put on the throne against the attempts of Jam Salahuddin, a grandson of Jam Sanjar, who was its first claimant. Being thus disappointed, Salahuddin went about inciting people to revolt and causing other mischief. Ultimately he went to Gujarat to live with his son-in-law Sultan Muzaffar.From the beginning the management of the state affairs was in the hands of his guardian, thus when Feroz was a young man, he spent his time in his harem and seldom went out. Whenever he did go out he gave himself up to the enjoyment of song and dance of dancing girls and the jokes of jesters. In his time the Sammahs and their Khaskhelis (slaves) were causing a lot of troubles for the ordinary people, and when Darya Khan checked them they spoke ill of him. Khan was therefore obliged to resign his post and to come to Kahan, which was his Jagir. The most learned men of the time lived in that village, Makhdum Abdul Aziz Abhari, Maolaua Asiruddin Abhari, and his son Maolana Muhammad. They had come from Herat in 928 A H. (1521 A.D.) when king Ismail was expelled. These savants had since been teaching and improving the manners and morals of the people in general. Maolana Asiruddin was well read in religious law and had written many books on history and other learned sciences. He had written commentaries on many complex books. He died at Kahan where his tomb is still visited by people.
In short, owing to the misbehaviour of Feroz and his disregard of state affairs, his people wrote a letter to Salahuddin informing him how Feroz was often indifferent to their wishes and wants, that Darya Khan, who was the best manager of affairs had also left him and that it was a good opportunity for him to come. When Salahuddin got this letter from the people of Tatta, he showed it to Sultan Muzaffar, king of Gujrat, who sent him with a large army to Tatta. He arrived near the place after hurried marches and crossed over to the town. Meanwhile the people managed to spirit Feroz out of the town by another way. Thus Jam Salahuddin quietly went and occupied the throne. The Khaskhelis captured Feroz and demanded a large sum of money. His mother then brought Feroz to Darya Khan at Kahan, where in his presence he repented of his past doings and asked for his pardon. Khan remembered his old privileges and determined to do something about the matter. He began to gather an army and soon the people of Bakhar and Sehwan assembled under Feroz’s standard. The tribes of Balóch also pitched in.
Having thus arrayed his forces Khan proceeded to meet Salahuddin. The latter wanted to anticipate his adversary, but his Wazir Haji advised him to remain where he was and to depute him to go and fight with his enemy and Salahuddin agreed to go along. Shortly after, the battle commenced and many a brave soldier was killed on both sides. Khan was eventually defeated and his army fled. Haji, while still on his horse, wrote a letter to his master informing him of their victory. As it was night, he could not pursue the flying forces of the enemy. The messengers with the letters fell into the hands of Khan, who instantly prepared other letters of a different nature on behalf of Haji containing the news of the defeat of Salahuddin’s army and the advice that as the enemy was strong, he (Salahuddin) should leave Tatta with his family and that Haji would meet him at the village of Chachikan.* Upon receipt of these letters, Salahuddin left the place and crossed the river on the ninth of Ramazan without waiting to break the fast, which he had observed in that holy month. He was thus finally defeated and deprived of his kingdom. His reign had lasted eight months.
When Salahuddin met Haji later and the latter reproachingly inquired about the reason of his abruptly leaving the capital, Salahuddin produced the letter he had received, showing it to him. Haji in surprise denied the fact of having written it. They at once understood that Khan had played the trick. For this they felt much annoyed but it was too late at that point and they suffered great remorse.
Khan pursued them to several stages, and then returning, he brought Feroz to Tatta on the holiday of Ramazan id and offered joint prayers at the public prayer-ground. From that time Feroz continued to reign quietly for several years.
Though Jam Feroz reigned undisturbed, he entertained secret fears of Khan. As a precautionary measure he enlisted in his service Kibak Arghun and a large number of men belonging to the tribes of Mughuls, who had during his reign, left Shahbeg Arghun and came to Tatta. Feroz gave them a quarter of the town, called Mughal-Warah, to live in. He secretly flattered himself for his policy in securing the services of intrepid men to check Darya Khan, but he never for a minute imagined what ruin these men were destined to bring on him. For, it was through some of these men that Shahbeg Arghun was induced to invade and conquer Sind in 926 A.H. (1519) CE, which resulted in the displacement of the Samma dynasty of rulers by that of Arghun. Feroz was exiled to Sultanate of Gujarat, Sultan
Sultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
Qutb ud-Din Bahadur. When the Mughal Empire
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
and Sultanate of Gujarat collied under Emperor Humayun
Humayun
Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun was the second Mughal Emperor who ruled present day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1530–1540 and again from 1555–1556. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early, but with Persian aid, he eventually regained an even larger one...
, Feroz was killed at Khambhat
Khambhat
Khambhat , formerly known as Cambay, is a city and a municipality in Anand district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It was formerly an important trading center, although its harbour has gradually silted up, and the maritime trade has moved elsewhere...
in a misunderstanding.