List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: VIII. The Lymphatic system

Lymph glands (lymphoglandulæ)
hilus
Hilum of lymph node
The Hilum of lymph node is the concave portion of the lymph node where the efferent vessels exit....
cortical
Cortex (anatomy)
In anatomy and zoology the cortex is the outermost layer of an organ. Organs with well-defined cortical layers include kidneys, adrenal glands, ovaries, the thymus, and portions of the brain, including the cerebral cortex, the most well-known of all cortices.The cerebellar cortex is the thin gray...
medullary
Medulla of lymph node
The medulla of lymph node, or medullary sinus, is the central portion of the lymph node.There are two named structures in the medulla:* The medullary cords are cords of lymphatic tissue, and include plasma cells, macrophages, and B cells...
Lymph node capsule
Lymph node capsule
The lymph node capsule is composed of dense irregular connective tissue with some plain muscle fibers, and from its internal surface are given off a number of membranous processes or trabeculæ, consisting, in man, of connective tissue, with a small admixture of plain muscle fibers; but in many of...
afferent vessels and efferent vessels
lymph path (lymph sinus)

germ centers
afferent vessels
efferent vessel

cisterna chyli
Cisterna chyli
The cisterna chyli is a dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow.-Flow of lymph:...

(receptaculum chyli)
lumbar trunks
intestinal trunk
left jugular and left subclavian trunks, and sometimes by the left bronchomediastinal trunk
right lymphatic duct
Right lymphatic duct
The right lymphatic duct, about 1.25 cm. in length, courses along the medial border of the Scalenus anterior at the root of the neck. In most cases it ends in the right subclavian vein, at its angle of junction with the right internal jugular vein, although the termination can be variable, however...

(ductus lymphaticus dexter)

right jugular trunk
right subclavian trunk
right bronchomediastinal trunk

The Lymph Glands of the Head
- occipital glands (lymphoglandulæ occipitales)

The Lymph Glands of the Head
- posterior auricular glands (lymphoglandulæ auriculares; mastoid glands)
- anterior auricular glands (lymphoglandulæ auriculares anteriores; superficial parotid or preauricular glands)
- parotid glands (lymphoglandulæ parotideæ)

The Lymph Glands of the Head
- facial glands
  - infraorbital
    Infraorbital
    Infraorbital is an anatomical term which means, literally, inferior to the eye socket . Some examples of uses of the term are:* Infraorbital artery* Infraorbital foramen* Infraorbital canal* Infraorbital groove...
    
    or maxilla
    Maxilla
    The maxilla is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible , which is also a fusion of two halves at the mental symphysis. Sometimes The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper...
    
    ry
  - buccinator
    Buccinator
    The buccinator muscle is a muscle at the side of the face.Buccinator may also refer to:* Buccinator artery * Buccinator lymph node* Buccinator nerve * An ancient Roman buccina player...
  - supramandibular
- deep facial glands (lymphoglandulæ faciales profunda; internal maxillary glands)
- lingual glands (lymphoglandulæ linguales)
- retropharyngeal glands

Lymphatic vessels of the scalp
Scalp
The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly.-Layers:It is usually described as having five layers, which can conveniently be remembered as a mnemonic:...
Lymphatic vessels of the auricula
Ear
The ear is the organ that detects sound. It not only receives sound, but also aids in balance and body position. The ear is part of the auditory system....

and external acoustic meatus

Lymphatic vessels of the face
Face
The face is a central sense organ complex, for those animals that have one, normally on the ventral surface of the head, and can, depending on the definition in the human case, include the hair, forehead, eyebrow, eyelashes, eyes, nose, ears, cheeks, mouth, lips, philtrum, temple, teeth, skin, and...
Lymphatic vessels of the nasal cavities

Lymphatic vessels of the mouth
Mouth
The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....
- Lymphatic vessels of the palatine tonsil

Lymphatic vessels of the mouth
Mouth
The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....
- Lymphatic vessels of the tongue
  Tongue
  The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste , as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva, and is richly...
  - principal gland of the tongue

Lymph glands of the neck
- submaxillary glands (lymphoglandulæ submaxillares)
  - middle gland of Stahr
- submental glands or suprahyoid glands
- superficial cervical glands (lymphoglandulæ cervicales superficiales)
- anterior cervical glands
- deep cervical glands (lymphoglandulæ cervicales profundæ)
  - superior deep cervical glands
  - inferior deep cervical glands
  - paratracheal glands

Lymph glands of the neck
- deep cervical glands (lymphoglandulæ cervicales profundæ)
  - jugular trunk
- Lymphatic vessels of the skin
  Skin
  -Dermis:The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. It also harbors many Mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and heat...
  
  and muscles of the neck
  Neck
  The neck is the part of the body, on many terrestrial or secondarily aquatic vertebrates, that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. The adjective signifying "of the neck" is cervical .-Boner anatomy: The cervical spine:The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven boney...

superficial and deep
- superficial lymph glands
  - supratrochlear glands
  - deltoideopectoral glands
- deep lymph glands
Axillary glands (lymphoglandulæ axillares)
- lateral group

Axillary glands (lymphoglandulæ axillares)
- anterior or pectoral group
- posterior or subscapular group
- central or intermediate group
- medial or subclavicular group
  - subclavian trunk
Lymphatic Vessels of the Upper extremity
- superficial lymphatic vessels

The Lymph Glands of the Lower Extremity
- anterior tibial gland (lymphoglandula tibialis anterior)
- popliteal glands (lymphoglandulæ popliteæ)

The Lymph Glands of the Lower Extremity
- inguinal glands (lymphoglandulæ inguinales)
  - subinguinal glands
  - Superficial inguinal glands
  - Superficial subinguinal glands (lymphoglandulæ subinguinales superficiales)
  - Deep subinguinal glands (lymphoglandulæ subinguinales profundæ)

The Lymph Glands of the Lower Extremity
- inguinal glands (lymphoglandulæ inguinales)
  - gland of Cloquet or Rosenmüller

Lymphatic vessels of the Lower extremity
- superficial lymphatic vessels
- deep lymphatic vessels

Common iliac glands
Epigastric glands (lymphoglandulæ epigastricæ)
Iliac circumflex glands
Hypogastric glands (lymphoglandulæ hypogastricæ; internal iliac gland)
obturator gland
Sacral glands

Lumbar glands (lymphoglandulæ lumbales)
- right lateral aortic glands
- left lateral aortic glands
- right and left lumbar trunks
- preaortic glands
- celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric groups
- intestinal trunk
- retroaortic glands

Lymphatic vessels of the Abdomen
Abdomen
In vertebrates such as mammals the abdomen constitutes the part of the body between the thorax and pelvis. The region enclosed by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity...

and Pelvis
Lymphatic vessels of the Perineum
Perineum
In human anatomy, the perineum is a region of the body including the perineal body and surrounding structures...

and External genitals

Visceral glands

celiac glands
- Gastric glands
  - Superior gastric glands (lymphoglandulæ gastricæ superiores)
  - Inferior gastric glands (lymphoglandulæ gastricæ inferiores; right gastroepiploic gland)
- Hepatic glands (lymphoglandulæ hepaticæ)
  - hepatic
  - cystic gland
  - subpyloric
- Pancreaticolienal glands (lymphoglandulæ pancreaticolienales; splenic glands)

superior mesenteric glands
- Mesenteric glands
  Mesenteric glands
  Mesenteric glands, or mesenteric lymph nodes, are nodes located in the mesentery. They are of three classes: mesenteric lymph nodes, juxta-intestinal lymph nodes, and the superior middle group of mesenteric lymph nodes....
  
  (lymphoglandulæ mesentericæ)
- Ileocolic glands
  - ileal
  - anterior ileocolic
  - posterior ileocolic
  - right colic
- Mesocolic glands (lymphoglandulæ mesocolicæ)

Lymphatic vessels of the Abdominal and Pelvic viscera

Lymphatic vessels of the subdiaphragmatic portion of the digestive tube
- Lymphatic vessels of the Stomach
  Stomach
  The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal which functions as an important organ of the digestive tract in some animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects , and molluscs. It is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication .The stomach is...
- Lymphatic vessels of the Duodenum
  Duodenum
  The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum...
- pancreaticoduodenal glands
  - Lymphatic vessels of the Jejunum
    Jejunum
    The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum.The jejunum lies between the duodenum...
    
    and Ileum
    Ileum
    The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum.The ileum follows the duodenum...
  - lacteals
- Lymphatic vessels of the Vermiform process and Cecum
  Cecum
  The cecum or caecum is a pouch, connecting the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve or Bauhin's valve, and is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic...

Lymphatic vessels of the subdiaphragmatic portion of the digestive tube
- Lymphatic vessels of the Colon
  Colon (anatomy)
  The colon is the last part of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body, and is the site in which flora-aided fermentation of unabsorbed material occurs. Unlike the small intestine, the colon does not play a...
- Lymphatic vessels of the Anus
  Anus
  The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest,...
  
  , Anal canal
  Anal canal
  The anal canal is the terminal part of the large intestine.It is situated between the rectum and anus, below the level of the pelvic diaphragm. It lies in the anal triangle of perineum in between the right and left ischioanal fossa....
  
  , and Rectum
  Rectum
  The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus. The human rectum is about 12 cm long...
- Lymphatic vessels of the Liver
  Liver
  The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...
- Lymphatic vessels of the Gall-bladder
- Lymphatic vessels of the Pancreas
  Pancreas
  The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, as well as a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist...

The lymphatic vessels of the spleen
Spleen
The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...

and suprarenal glands
- Lymphatic vessels of the Spleen
  Spleen
  The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...
- Lymphatic vessels of the Suprarenal glands

Lymphatic vessels of the urinary organs
- Lymphatic vessels of the Kidney
  Kidney
  The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
- Lymphatic vessels of the Ureter
  Ureter
  In human anatomy, the ureters are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and ~3-4 mm in diameter....
- Lymphatic vessels of the Bladder
  Urinary bladder
  The urinary bladder is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination. A hollow muscular, and distensible organ, the bladder sits on the pelvic floor...
  - anterior vesical
  - lateral vesical

Lymphatic vessels of the urinary organs
- Lymphatic vessels of the Prostate
  Prostate
  The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals....
- Lymphatic vessels of the Urethra
  Urethra
  In anatomy, the urethra is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for the removal of fluids out of the body. In males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine...

Lymphatic vessels of the reproductive organs
- Lymphatic vessels of the Testes
- Lymphatic vessels of the Ductus deferens
  - vesiculæ seminales

Lymphatic vessels of the reproductive organs
- Lymphatic vessels of the Ovary
  Ovary
  The ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in anatomically female individuals are analogous to testes in anatomically male individuals, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands.-Human anatomy:Ovaries...
- Lymphatic vessels of the Uterine tube
- Lymphatic vessels of the Uterus
  Uterus
  The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...
- Lymphatic vessels of the Vagina
  Vagina
  The vagina is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. Female insects and other invertebrates also have a vagina, which is the terminal part of the...

parietal lymph glands
- Sternal glands (lymphoglandulæ sternales; internal mammary glands)
- Intercostal glands (lymphoglandulæ intercostales)
- Diaphragmatic glands
  - anterior set
  - middle set
  - posterior set
- superficial lymphatic vessels of the thoracic wall
- Lymphatic vessels of the Mamma

parietal lymph glands
- deep lymphatic vessels of the thoracic wall

parietal lymph glands
- Lymphatic vessels of the diaphragm
visceral lymph glands
- Anterior mediastinal glands (lymphoglandulæ mediastinales anteriores)
- Posterior mediastinal glands (lymphoglandulæ mediastinales posteriores)
- Tracheobronchial glands
  - tracheal
  - bronchial
  - bronchopulmonary
  - pulmonary
  - right and left bronchomediastinal trunks

visceral lymph glands
- Lymphatic vessels of the thoracic viscera
  - Lymphatic vessels of the Heart
    Heart
    The heart is a myogenic muscular organ found in all animals with a circulatory system , that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions...
  - Lymphatic vessels of the Lungs

visceral lymph glands
- Lymphatic vessels of the thoracic viscera
  - Lymphatic vessels of the Pleura
  - Lymphatic vessels of the Thymus
    Thymus
    The thymus is a specialized organ of the immune system. The thymus produces and "educates" T-lymphocytes , which are critical cells of the adaptive immune system....
  - Lymphatic vessels of the Esophagus
    Esophagus
    The esophagus is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. During swallowing, food passes from the mouth through the pharynx into the esophagus and travels via peristalsis to the stomach...

Visceral glands

Lymphatic vessels of the Abdominal and Pelvic viscera

See also