Lièpvre
Encyclopedia
Lièpvre is a commune
in the Haut-Rhin
department in Alsace
in north-eastern France.
In the 8th century saint and abbot, Fulrad
, built a monastery
and filled it with relics of Saint Cucuphas.
in the neighborhood of the Col de Bagenelles (Vosges). It flows at first towards the northeast, and reaches Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
. Lebraha's original name is doubtless of Celtic origin and seems to come from the word Labar, from which comes the Latin name for the area Valle Leporus by 1200. It was also called at this time Levremouster, which is the name in the local patois.
Downstream, the Lièpvrette is joined at Echery on the right bank by the stream of Rauenthal, coming from Brézouard. The river runs through Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines
where it receives the streams of the valleys of the Petit and Grand Rombach and arrives at Lièpvre. There it is enlarged by the stream of le Rombach which crosses Hingrie and Rombach-le-Franc
. Below Lièpvre, the river runs between the ruined castle of Frankenbourg in the north and the castle of Haut-Koenigsbourg in the south then across the municipality of Scherwiller
. The Liepvrette then joins the Giessen (Scheer in former times) which arises from the Val de Villé, and together these waters pour into the River Ill below Sélestat
.
The municipality of Lièpvre is bordered by some notable summits of the Vosges: in the South Brézouard (on 1229 m), Taennchel
(992 m) and High-Koenigsbourg (775 m), in the North Altenberg (880 m), Chalmont (697 meters in height - in German called Karlsberg), the Rocher du Coucou (819 m) and Frankenbourg (703 m). The northern chain of the Altenberg separates the Valley of Lièpvre from the Val de Villé. A road built in 1905 completely opened up Rombach-le-Franc which is 2 km (1.2 mi) from Lièpvre. This road leads to the hamlet of Hingrie situated 7 km (4.3 mi) from Lièpvre and onto the Col de Fouchy. The village of Liepvre owes its name to the river which runs through it and its origin to the priory of Lièpvre. Lièpvre occupies about the center of the valley of the Liepvrette and was for a long time the main conglomeration of the Valley of Lièpvre. Lièpvre is 275 meters above sea level.
Agely, Anvers, Aspygoutte, la Baisse des noyers, la Basse maisse, la Basse Mathis, la Brode, Bois l'Abbesse, Grand Breuil, le Petit Breuil, la Brode, le Calvin, Chalmont, Champs Le moine, Champs Germain, Champs grosse tête, Champs Hache, Champs Haton, Clos pré,la Collinière, la Craintole, Creux pré, Creuse de la Gely, Creux pré, Derrière la fabrique, Derrière la Grand rue, Derrière l'église, Devant Chalmont, Devant le Bois, Devant le Rain Brûlé, Devant Ménabois, Devant Musloch, Devant Vesprés, Doynières, l'Entregoutte, Estary, Faubourg de Sainte Marie, Faubourg de Sélestat, Fourrière de la fête, Fourrière de l'église, Fourrière de la place, Frarupt, la Gely, Genaugoutte, la Grande Baisse, les Grands Champs, les Grands Jardins, les Grands prés, les Gros Champs, Grandes fourrières, Grands jardins, le Gravier, la Halle, Hauts champs, la Haute Echevé, la Herrschaft, Aux Grands Zônés, le Kast, Estary, au Lundi, les Eveaux, le Haut Ménèchamp,Hoimbach, Kesbel, Musloch, Ménabois, Mollembach, Montplaisir, le Passé, Pairis, Paquis du Bas, Picaupré, la Pinasse, la Petite Baisse, les Prés Monts, le Pré Saint Alexandre, Prés de la Mule, Prés de l'étang, Prés de Mollenbach, Pré de la Dame, Pré Trinquart, Raincorn, Rain des Bolles, le Rain Brûlé, le Rain de la Mule, le Rain des Brulattes, Sous la Craintole, Sous la Raincorne, Sous le canal, Sous le Clos pré, Spiacôte, Spiemont, Sur la plaine, Sur le chemin, Sur le Ravin, Sur les Vignes, la Vaurière, Vesprés, la Vieille Papeterie, le village, Votembach.
The hamlet of Musloch between Lièpvre and Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines
was in 1445 the refuge of the farmers of the Valley of Lièpvre who surprised the Armagnacs who had invaded Lorraine
, and defeated them near the Rocher des Violons Musloch is called in 1517 Museloch, in 1782 Mauslauch. The name comes from the mine which was exploited from 15th century. A mine called St. Anne was discovered there in 1545 but was abandoned in 1750 because the cost of exploitation was too expensive. By then the place appears as Misloch or Meusloch which was an established hamlet of about thirteen families.
Chalmont 697 metres in height. It was called Nannenstol in Charlemagne's diploma in 774, then Chainement in 1517, Challemont in 1596, sometimes Charlemont and Karlsberg during the German occupation. In the local patois Chalmont is called Chânemont.
Raincorne: this is the peak dominating the outlet of Hoimbach on its western side.
le Kast: this is the hill located at the foot of Chalmont at the southern exit of Rombach-the-Franc. The name undoubtedly comes from "Kastanie" (= sweet chestnut) since chestnuts were planted there and the wood was used to stake out the local vineyards.
Champ Hache: a locality near Kast.
Spiemont: in German it is called the Stemberg.
's charters and who would be the wooden hamlet the Abbess (who was a part before 1789 of La Vancelle
, the Bas Rhin and who was connected then with the municipality of Lièpvre), the others more numerous tilt rather for Saint-Hippolyte
. This hermitage of Bobolinocella's name is mentioned in a document of Charlemagne in 774.
A monk Bobolinus was abbot in Italy, becoming the 37th bishop of Vienna. Another monk Bobolinus name was monk of Stavelot Abbey in Belgium. This Benedictine monastery was founded in 648 by Saint Remacle to evangelize Stavelot-Malmedy's region near Liège
. This person would have registered a testimony of certain Genechselo dated Esherico the 16th year of Sigebert III's administration, king of Austrasia (at the beginning of 648 the end of 650). This act, the original of which has disappeared, was formerly in the archives of the abbey of Saint-Denis. Genchieselo admits to have taken leaves in a fight arisen in his house having pulled died from man.
Escherico's name is close and very similar to that of the hamlet of Echéry to Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines who belonged to the Duchy of Alsace
, maybe at first to duke Attic father of Sainte Odile, boss of Alsace. Later these lands passed in Luitfried II's hands of which the two threads, Leuthard and Hugue granted these lands to the girl of this last one, Irmengarde 804-858) who built in this place a small sanctuary. Irmengarde will become in year 821 the wife of Lothaire I (795-855). Afterward Echéry's lands will become the property of the monks of Gorze
(the Moselle
). A monk of named Gorze Blidulphe will settle down at about 10th century with some other monks in this place to create Echéry's convent. Due to the silver mines that they had discovered they were able to develop the priory which became celebrated in all the region and in Lorraine.
Lièpvre (Leberau in German
, Lebera or Lebraha in Latin
- In German the valley of Lièpvre takes Leberthal or Leberachtal's name and in Latin that of Lepora Leporeacensis vallis) is a big village situated on the brook which carries Lièpvrette's name, named in the former Carolingian titles Laimaha, notably in Charlemagne's diplomas in 774 and of Lothair I
in 854 and fluvius Laima in Fulrad's will in 777. The village is based by a future abbot of Saint-Denis, Fulrad
, whose parents had immense possessions in Alsace
. These possessions had been seized by Clovis
which had redistributed them to some property owners of whom the parents of Fulrad. Riculfe, the father of Fulrad possessed indeed lands to Saint Hippolyte but also in the other places of Alsace. The region was doubtless already known by the young person Fulrad due to his parents who often took him in this region which he appreciated so much. Valley of Lièpvre was then a place where took place narrow contacts between populations on each side of the Rhine. It is doubtless the reason for which Fulrad will think of creating a convent to take foot on the other side of the border to serve Carolingian cause. Very close were also the descendants of the benefactors of Wissembourg
's abbey, among whom one meets Boniface's name, carried by a brother of Fulrad. In the will it mentions that it has two brothers: Gausbert and Boniface and a sister Waldrade. His parents, Riculfe and Emengarden were not Alsatian, but were origin is not so Alsace but Mosellane which is the cradle of Welfs. En 770 Fulrad begins the construction of a priory to Fulradocella, Lièpvre's primitive name. It took then Leberaha's name, where from comes Leberau's name, formed with the name of the river which pours into the village: Leber to whom was joined the diminutive To the whom means prairie or campaign.
The monks begin then to take foot in the valley and begin to cultivate lands. In 774, Charlemagne
approves Lièpvre's foundation in a diploma sent since Duren
and assures him at the same opportunity several other properties situated in the royal domain of Kintzheim
's neighborhood with straight ahead of meadow and hunting.
The first important matter which made Fulrad
to open up the valley was the creation of a road leading of Alsace
in Lorraine
and crossing all the valley. It received Pippin the Short license in 750 to lead works. One came from serfs of Saint-Dié (Saint Déodat's ) region of the Valley of Galilée who are mirrored at once to cultivate forests and to make necessary works. This road succeeded by Lièpvre to join the plain of Alsace. The road was not the one that we know today, because Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
did not count at the time. She passed by Petit Rombach connected today with Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines to end on the other side of Vosges
in Lusse. It is finally only from 18th century, by 1761 that was constructed another road passing this time this by Col de Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
.
In year 770 Fulrad begins the construction of a priory to Fulradocella (future Lièpvre). It is around this priory works of which are going to last 8 years when is going to develop Lièpvre's village. From the first year of sound reign, on January 13, 769, Charlemagne
donated him Saint-Dié's convent. This establishment placed in around thirty km of Lièpvre owes its birth to the concession of a territory of the royal treasury by the king Childéric II
at the time of the mayor Wulfoald. This person had been accused of high treason to have plotted against Pippin the Short. Translated into justice it will be condemned to death, but on Fulrad's intervention it will have safe life. In return he will give in to the king of the possessions belonging to him, of which Saint-Mihiel abbey in the diocese of Verdun.
On September 14, 774, Charlemagne grants the other properties to his friend Fulrad, situated in the royal domain of Kintzheim
's neighborhood with straight ahead of meadow. To assure the maintenance of Lièpvre's convent, Charlemagne grants besides towards 781 a vast area of forests untied from the Kintzheim's royal domain and grants to the abbey of Saint-Denis all the tithes of Lièpvre's nearby lands. He took then the name of convent of Holy Alexander and Holy Cucuphas whose his founder enriches him. Holy Alexander's relics were at first to transport in Paris, then transferred to Lièpvre. In year 835 the relics of Saint Alexander
and Saint Cucufat were transferred to the abbey of Saint-Denis (it is not know exactly under what circumstances) under Hilduin
's abbatiate. Cucuphas's relics, martyr of Barcelona
(the end of 3rd and beginning of 4th century) were doubtless brought back by Spain and not of Rome between 777 and 778 to the time when Sulaiman Ibn-Al Arabi governed the region of Barcelona
. This same Soulaiman had made his submission for Pippin the Short towards 756-753 and the bones must be returned in Long pole by the Spaniards avoiding the Moslems and given to Fulrad who has them to set to Lièpvre. The ancient parochial church to him was dedicated and the cult went on until 15th century.
In 750 Fulrad
became abbot of Saint-Denis
and begins alteration works of the abbey Merovingian. These works begin after Pippin the Short death that it had so faithfully served and before that of Carloman
in 771. On February 24 775, the abbot Fulrad
dedicates the church reconstructed by Saint-Denis
in the presence of Charlemagne. Karlsruhre's library in Germany keeps a manuscript which the monks of Saint-Denis had sent towards 830 to their colleagues of Reichenau on Lake Constance
. The manuscript contains the description of the basilica of Saint-Denis, consisted in 799, the 32nd year of the administration of the king Charles (Badische Landesbibliothek, Karlsruhre).
Fulrad had based meanwhile the other convents, of which notably to Salonne near Castle Salt marshes (Moselle) but also to Saint Hippolyte
of whom the village was only in some kilometres of Lièpvre. In Baden-Württemberg
one owes him notably the creation of Esslingen-am-Neckar's convents near Stuttgart, near Herbrechtingen near Heidengeim and near Hoppentenzell near Stockach to the North of Lake Constance. Territories given up to the abbot Fulrad exceeded the limits of the Valley of Lièpvre. The possessions extended also beyond the plain of Alsace
, Saint-Hippolyte
, Roderen
, Rorschwihr
, Orschwiller
, Haut-Koenigsbourg. It also included the complete municipalities of Lièpvre, Rombach-le-Franc and Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines with the exception of the mountain of Saint Pierre. The summit of Chalmont makes also left for the possessions of Lièpvre's priory as well as the mountain of Taennchel
. Fulrad was also an owner of Saint Germain's church to Widensolen whom he built between 777-784. Fulrad also receives properties in Sarreguemines
's region, as well as Blittersdorf and Auersmacher (near Saarbrücken
, in the Saar) by fortunate parents of Pippin the Short and generous givers from whom names are quoted in particular: Theudericus, Haribertus. Another less known person, Ermelindus, to bequeath to Fulrad of the possessions to Kochelinge and Fechingen and maybe Vöklingen in the Saar.
During year 764 the count Ruthard who well knew Fulrad to have accompanied him up to Holy Maurice Cost it gave up him a group of possessions situated in Brisgau, to Binzen, Rummingen, Tumringen, Küttingen, Wollbach, Haltingen, Eimelfingen and Oettligen. The possessions resulted from Alamans which had there been seized. On September 23, the count Wido, future marquis of Brittany gave the other possessions to Fulrad — villages in Alsace and in Saulnois: Guémar (Ghermari), Orschwiller (Andaldovillare), Ribeauvillé
(Ratbertovillare), Grussenheim (Geucinhaim), Andolsheim (Ansulfishaim), Schafersheim, in the neighborhood of Colmar
and Sélestat
.
Ruthard was certainly one of the persons closest to Pippin the Short. It is indicated three times in the projects in which Saint-Denis is implied. From 753 at the beginning of 754, Pit sends him with Fulrad to welcome the Pope Stephen II in Argonne's holy Maurice. The importance of negotiations led by Fulrad at the expense of Pippin the Short with the Popes Zachary
( 741-752 ), and Stephen II
( 752-757 ) should not be demonstrated any more. The pope Zachary approves inauguration. Of Pippin the Short by Saint Boniface
in 752. On February 26 757, the pope Stephen II
gives permission to the abbot Fulrad to build convents on his own lands or those that he bought or received from his parents he ties up relations privileged with Franks. It is following the merits that Fulrad obtains from Pope Stephen II
the abbey of Saint-Denis. Furad was used with a lot of zeal and patience with the popes Zachary, then Adrian to obtain the pallium
for Abel of Reims
and his successor Turpin, Archbishop of Reims. The testimonies that it brought to the pope Adrian on the righteousness and the knowledge of Tilpin to permit to be raised to the rank of archbishop. In the death of Stephan II, it is his brother Paul Ier ( 757-767 ) who will be his successor. There are six popes' bulls where Fulrad's name is quoted: four of the Staphen II signed in 757, two of Adrian I, one of the 781 and other one of the 774. In Fulrad's death on July 16 784 Lièpvre's village is already rather prosperous. According to the former necrology of the Abbey of Saint-Denis, the body of the abbot Fulrad was at first interred in Saint-Denis, then transferred to Lièpvre's priory on February 17 during one year which is not clarified. The epitaph which raised to him the monk - scholar of Anglo-Saxon origin, Alcuin
, mentions that " Fulrad was the most illustrious of all the abbots who governed the abbey of Saint-Denis. He lived in the highest respect and in the almost general approval, loved by five popes, three kings and most great men of her century ".
The donation of Lièpvre's domain is confirmed much later by Lothair I
in a diploma sent by Verdun
on August 4, 854 which clarifies that only the Abbey of Saint-Denis is an owner of all these possessions and that they can be on no account alienated to someone else.
This donation had been endorsed in 768 by Pippin the Short, in a charter by which it fell to Fulrad the possessions which this abbot had given up to him while he felt in danger of death. These possessions allow to make an idea of the limit and the description of the royal domain alienated in favour of Lièpvre's convent which included so three villages of the Valley of Lièpvre (Lièpvre, Rombach-le-Franc, Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines) The other historians added that the mountain of Chalmont would be other than Nannenstol mentioned in Charlemagne
diploma in 774 whom in dialect is called Chânemont. A doubt remains however as for the origin of this name Stophanberg (Haut Koenigsbourg) but also it seems Taennchel the possessions of Lièpvre's priory made left because the monks of the priory took their pigs until the summit of this mountain so that they can eat the acorns of the oaks which sprinkled the ground. Fulrad received from his sister Waldrade Ansulsishaim's villa which he connected with Holy Alexander to Lièpvre.
In this will is also mentioned the possessions granted by Charlemagne in 774 whom declared will to give the other possessions to Fulradovilla (Lièpvre's ) convent of which several other wooded wood situated in Alsace, being a part of the Kintzheim's fiscal walking. These forests were situated to Garmaringa (Guémar), Odeldinga (near Orschwiller) and Ridmarca. It authorized besides the monks of Lièpvre graze to the crowds in all the settled of Kintzheim's walking, even except indicated limits. These properties untied from the royal domain, such as those that were a part of seigneuries of Widon and Riculfe are not mentioned in this charter signed in 774, but are indicated in Fulrad's will.
The possessions of Lièpvre's convent extended also of Frarupt's brook until that of Molembach and ended in Fersta and in Bogenstrein (Ramstein). In the other forests the rights of usage and meadow exercised in common between the nearby municipalities and Lièpvre's prieuré, what often caused disputes, notably with the inhabitants of Rombach-le-Franc.
Fulrad also mentions in his will the possessions received from certain Chrodradus on July 17, 767 (Sixteenth August calends of the 13-th year of Pepin-the-small's administration. It arranged several possessions in Germany in the pago Brisagavinsi (Brisgau) of which Rummingen, Tamingen, Kütthenhen, Haltinge, Emeldingen, Birizen and Oetlingen. Chrodradus, count of Alsace of 27/09/749 in 15/11/769 died on August 31 in year 790.
Another importing person, Ruthard who was considered as an aristocrat sold also to the abbot Fulrad of the possessions. This person is mentioned in three Pepin the Short diplomas: in 752, 753 and 759.
Widensolen's church, district of Colmar does not appear in Fulrad's will drafted in 777, but in a copy which he executed a little later.
and Charlemagne
that is until the death of this last one in 814, the monks of Very Lièpvre did not have to be afraid. No Lord would have allowed to question rights and possessions of the priory. However, from 843 the emperor Lothario Ier gives up to certain Erchanguer count of Nordgau or Low Alsace
Quuningishaim (Kintzheim's former) fiscal walking which had been given in 774 to Fulrad by Charlemagne. It hoped also to monopolize of the forest which depended on it and which was a part good of Lièpvre's priory.
During the interview among the three brothers, Lothario, Lewis and Karl to tighten the links of their alliances, the abbot Lewis, the son of the count Roricon and Charlemagne's Rotrude girl who obtained the abbey of Saint-Denis
in 841, took advantage of it to try to remove the possessions of the priories of Lièpvre and Saint Hippolyte to grant them in fief, or as one said then in precarious profit, to a Lord of Conrad Ier's name, count of Argovie, brother of the empress Judith and Emma, wife of Lewis II of Bavaria
and member of the influential family of Welfs which had married Gisèle, girl of the emperor Louis le Débonnaire. The monks of Saint-Denis
, more conscious than their abbot opposed wildly to this seizure and carried affair in front of the assembly of the bishops reunited at the request of the king of France to Verberie, near Compiègne
in 853, by producing them Fulrad
's original will and the bull of the pope Stephan II which granted all the convents which this abbot could base in the vast e of his realm. The council of Verberie consisted of four archbishops and seventeen bishops cut in favor of the monks and pronounced that Lièpvre's priers could be never alienated or dismembered whatever excuse it is of the abbey of Saint-Denis. The letter synodal dated August 27 853 is sent personally to Conrad to warn it of consequences which it would have to undergo in case of passage in force.
The abbot Lewis of Saint-Denis had, not long after the misfortune of hang between the hands of the Normans. I obtained the freedom only after a strong ransom paid with several churches and the abbey of Saint-Denis she even and all the priers of France it of Germany who depended on it. Lièpvre's priory participated in its way of paying a strong sum of money for Lewis's liberation abbot of Saint-Denis. After the liberation, the abbot Lewis in sign of reward asked that after the death all the incomes of the abbeys of Saint-Denis were used for their food and the conversation of their church and to come to the need of the poor men of their district. Charles le Chauve, king of France, whose Lewis was similar and arch-chancellor, approved this disposal in a diploma dated Compiègne
of the year 856.
Henschenius. He published in February 1658 a eulogy on Fulrad.
In 1672, Father Modeste of Saint Amable, in his turn, published in his second volume a note on Fulrad. Later Jean Mabillon
praised Fulrad, in a chapter of a book from 1686. After Mabillon, Dom Félibien was able to give in his History of Saint-Denis Fulrad's life more completely. The abbé Rapp, the former vicar general of Strasbourg
, in 1878 published a work on Fulrad. Finally another work on Fulrad's life was published in 1902 by Father Marc Dubruel, still authoritative. Some chapters on Fulrad's life were also resumed in the Review of Alsace in 1901 and 1902. Most of the acts concerning the former priory of Lièpvre are situated today in the national archives in Paris and in. Another part of archives can be consulted in the National Library in capital of Lorraine. The other isolated documents concerning Saint-Denis and Lièpvre are stored in her to Karlsruhre and also to the concerning more particularly connections with Ribeaupierre.
The letters of the great men, the bulls of the popes, the royal diplomas where it is Fulrad's question are very numerous. First bulls granted tuned by the Roman pontiffs to the abbot of Saint-Denis are in the number six: four are signed by the pope Stephen II
in 757; two of Hadrian
in 774 and 781. The authenticity of all these acts is not questioned. One finds also thirteen authentic diplomas of the time of Pippin the Short, four under Carloman
, and twenty under Charlemagne
. Count acts exist in originals in the national archives. Late Jules Tardif published them in his Ancient memorials by analyzing them and by inventorying them. Some of these details mention Lièpvre's priory.
The first to be granted its support for Lièpvre's priory was Charlemagne himself who there 774 brought its support for the abbot Fulrad for the creation of a priory to Lièpvre in a diploma by assuring him properties situated in the royal domain of. In February 847 Charles the Bald confirm the possessions and the privileges of Lièpvre's convent. This donation is also confirmed by his son eldest on October 21, 843 which renews donations made by Charlemagne granting in Saint-Denis Lièpvre's priory, Vallis Fulradis of which several possessions and forests situated in Alsace and in the country of Salonne. Dans this document Valley of Lièpvre is mentioned on August 4, 854 the same emperor renew that the possessions of Lièpvre's priory make left well for the abbey of Saint-Denis. About ten years later this privilege is renewed by his son Lothaire II. In 856 Charles the Bald confirm the capacities of the abbot Louis, relative to the use of Lièpvre's incomes. The Pope ( 858-867 ) confirmed the aforementioned charter on April 18 862. Lothair II, king of Lorraine who come in Alsace to Epfig will renew on June 12 866 the diploma when the emperor Lothair I that his father had given twelve years previously in favor of Lièpvre's convent.
In Worms's treaty concluded towards 876 among the 3 brothers, Charles the Bald
, Louis the German
and Lothair I
, it was decided that the possessions of Lièpvre's priory had to remain between the hands of the abbey of Saint-Denis. Louis the Bald sent the diploma to the pope Léon IV to seal this alliance and to obtain his approval. On June 5, 903, Robert, grandfather of Hugh Capet, obtains from Charles the Simple
, from letters to assure the monks of Lièpvre against all the attempts of appropriation of the abbots of Saint-Denis.
In 903, the possessions of Lièpvre's abbey, cross dominated by Louis IV
king of Germania. With Charles's fall of Simple dethroned with the vaussaux in 922, Henry I the Fowler, king of Germania imposes his control on all Lotharingia
( 923-923 ) and emperors Otto
.
The 15 October 980 Lièpvre which was crossed dominated by Louis IV
, by Henry I the Fowler and by that of Otton, returns in abbey of Saint-Denis. Otto II, king of Germania and emperor of West lets know to the abbot Robert that Lièpvre's pripry is a part of the abbey of Saint-Denis. It leaves him also the care of naming the admitted of this convent. These formulations are resumed on January 26, 1056 at the request of Agnès his wife and of Henri IV his son in a diploma sent since Strasbourg. All these details confirm that Lièpvre's convent, as well as quite complete valley were a part then of Alsace. But they passed soon towards the Duchy of Lorraine when dukes obtained the advocatie of Lièpvre's convent.. The pope Nicholas II reminds he as well as Lièpvre's convent been a part of possessions of Saint-Denis in a bull of April 18, 1061. The English pope ( 1154–1159 ) goes to the same by reminding that the possessions of the Alsatian priory have to stay in the patrimony of Saint-Denis. This bull is signed on December 18, 1156. The pope in a bull dated let know October 11, 1259 that the abbey of Saint-Denis enjoys all the temporal jurisdiction in Lièpvre's village.
In 1342, 1348 and 1354 Lièpvre is confirmed in the rights of the abbey of Saint-Denis. The pope who rose on the papal throne in 1342 will confirm all the privileges granted to Lièpvre's priory. The emperor Charles IV
who reigned at the time gave on April 27, 1348 orders to put the abbey of Saint-Denis shielded from the appropriations which desired several Lords, as ecclesiastical as laic. The same prince of passage to Sélestat
on May 12, 1354 will renew all the privileges to the prior of Lièpvre granted by all the kings, his predecessors and those that had tuned the emperor Charlemagne, Charles the Bald and Henri III. The pope Alexander IV
also grants his support for the monks of Lièpvre in 1388. In 1396, Charles II
, duke of Lorraine declares itself defender of Lièpvre's convent.
Following frequent changes of sovereign power of the history of Alsace, the monks of Lièpvre were often despoiled of a part of their possessions because not being able to defend itself by themselves. That is why they are going to appeal to defenders more generally called dedicated. They were at first the noble persons of Echéry who play an important role by guaranteeing the territorial integrity of the possessions of the monks of Lièpvre. This noble family had grown rich due to the exploitation of mines). She appears only from 1232. But a tragic event interrupted their prosperity in 1284: the richest in them was " treacherously " put to death by his own cousins, and Landvogt of Alsace deprived them the castle. The successors of Echery were then dukes of Lorraine. In 1377 Hattstatt is charged by the prior of Lièpvre of defender the valley. Things were can be not as simple as it appears to it, because the monks of Saint-Denis ask the king of France, Charles VI
to intervene with duke of Lorraine so that this one restores the possessions, the justice, jurisdiction and seigniory of the Valley of Lièpvre with several other righteousness and memberships which had been given by the kings of France in Saint-Denis. At the beginning of 15th century the abbey of Saint-Denis had completely lost Valley of Lièpvre and in spite of the interventions of Charles VI, she was never able to get back the lost possessions.
Hattstats has to swear allegiance and defend rights and privileges of the priory, then in 1384, it receives half of the provost ship of the Valley of Lièpvre. It had sworn on the relics of the saints to protect the priory and to maintain there the interests of the monks. Hattstatt guarded Valley of Lièpvre until their extinction in 1585.
In archives one finds notably certain Burchard of Kintzheim's Rathsamhausen and Henri de Rathsamhausen, knight chastelain of Kaysersberg loaded to protect the possessions of the convent. There were several branches of the family of Rathsamhausen which are all interred in the vault station wagon of the church Midsummer Day to Sélestat.
In the documents of the 15th and the 18th century the possessions of Lièpvre appear under the naming of " ground of Saint-Denis " which one finds for properties crossed on the subject of Saint Georges in Nancy from 1502.
A diploma dated 8th century, during Charlemagne
's administration, prescribed to duke of Lorraine, admitted by Saint-Denis, for all the domains belonging to convents based by Fulrad
in Alsace, to protect them against quite invasion and unlawful intrusion from territory. Duke of Lorraine had to intervene militarily in every case of appropriation which could threaten the interests of the monks. It is doubtless following this diploma that dukes of Lorraine took excuse to interfere more and more in the business of the Valley of Lièpvre to the detriment of Lièpvre's priory. In the beginning this intervention makes in a courteous way and without brutality. Dukes of Lorraine doubtless had knowledge of the rich mines of lead and iron, brass money in the Valley of Lièpvre from the year 963 run by the monks of Echéry. By the time of Gerard, bishop of Toul, there is question already of the tithe on the mines of the Valley of Lièpvre. Gerard d' Alsace duke of Lorraine from 1049 till 1070 who was invests in 1048 by the emperor Henri III, seized in 1052 tithes and markets, as well as all the rights of the Valley of Lièpvre of which Saint Blaise
, near Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines. In this operation it is he seems supported by Brunon, former bishop of elected Toul pope under the name of Leo IX, which in Lorraine had obtained the liberation. The nobility of Lorraine which had not adopted him will try to create him troubles. The emperor Henry III
supported him and supplies her troops which allowed him to overcome his opponents. The Abbey of Saint-Denis in the tour entered conflict with duke of Lorraine who showed himself determined to defend Lièpvre's priory. It is after 1065 that was doubtless consisted Charlemagne's false diploma which confirmed the set of the possessions of Saint-Denis situated in the Empire, but it was in vain. In 1078, the son and the successor of Gerard, duke Thierry made the possessions usurped to Yves abbot of Saint-Denis and Lièpvre's Manassès prior. This charter sent by Saint-Dié is countersigned by Pibon, bishop of Toul, Thierry, bishop of Verdun, Rembald, provost of Saint-Dié and three counts and several Lords.
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Charles, duke of Lorraine, seizes completely possessions and domains of Lièpvre's priory in 1400. On April 16, 1502, Lièpvre is put back between the hands of the pope by the bishop of Verdun
. The pope reunites him in the collegiate church of Nancy. The monks of Saint-Denis complain with the king of France Charles VI
, which wants to restore the possessions in 1404. In 1405 Saint-Denis tempts a new approach directly by addressing duke of Lorraine, but in vain. The monks of Saint-Denis and Philippe de Villette, his abbot, demanded the authority of Charles VI
king of France, to be them restored. The king by writing several times to duke during two years never had answer. The king ordered then his Vitry's bailli to send one or two of his officers with the representatives of the abbey to obtain the answer of duke. The letter is dated October 24, 1404 since Paris. Both went in Nancy, in the fixed day, but always not having found there duke, they returned to it next March 13. But duke Charles remained firm and gave in no way to the king of France. The primatial of Nancy enters ownership of the incomes of Lièpvre's priory and that of Saint-Hippolyte which depended on it. At the beginning of 16th century it is Dommartin's Warin, a bishop of Verdun
, who possessed him there commend. The prelate having put handed him between the hands of the pope, Alexander VI reunites him in the request of duke of Lorraine, René II, duke of Lorraine
, in the Saint George collegiate church of Nancy on April 16, 1502... The church primatial of this city, based in 1602 entered ownership of Lièpvre's incomes and that of Saint-Hippolyte
, 1742 and reunited in that of Saint George, to form only a one and only dependence. The pope Pius VI by a bull dated November 19, 1777, confirmed with Louis XVI's letters of patent of January, set up the primatial of Our Lady of Nancy as a bishop's palace suffragist of Trier and as a chapter cathedral. It is as such that this priory enjoys a part of the tithes of Lièpvre, Saint Hippolyte, Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Lorraine and Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines as well as the right of patronage of the cures of the four municipalities of the Valley of Lièpvre.
One indicates in 1229 that Lièpvre's priory is compromised in the point to succumb under the weight of its debts. The abbot of Saint-Denis, Odon, lends him 530 pounds parisis to take on the income that the abbot pulls every year of it.
By 1271 a settlement of account appears that Lièpvre's priory has already paid off a good part of its loan and does not owe any more in Saint-Denis than 100 payable pounds in five years.
The prior of Lièpvre makes a loan of 80 pounds by 1365 to repair the church of the church ravaged by the English commanded by Cervolle's Arnaud says Archiprêtre.
In the XIV-th century the prior of Franconville's Lièpvre, Eudes, executed a stained glass for the monarchal church. This work does not exist any more, but we know, due to two rudimentary plans, dated 1596, that in the lower register, Charlemagne, occupying the central panel, was represented by Fulrad (left panel) and of Roland and Olivier (right panel). A list raised on May 16, 1509 enumerates, before the confusions of the reform and the devastation of the Boorish, the inventory of the possessions situated in the priory. The same year the priory was visited with Toul's suffrages, two canons of Saint Georges and some clerics, among others Vautrin Lud, canon of Saint-Dié. They found there a reliquary with Holy Alexander's bones, an arm of money containing a bone of the arm of this saint: eight other wooden reliquaries bronzed, gold-colored copper and ivory containing relics not determined In 1602 one indicates that a quite broken reliquary which would contain Holy Alexander's relics. An inventory made in 1746 enumerates missals, chalice, pinafore dresses and the other ornaments, but does not speak any more about relics.
According to a plan established in 1549 by Bichler Michel, judge mines, representing for the house of Austria and superintendent of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines's part of Lorraine, the only sanctuary remained still (the conventional buildings had already disappeared); it was a basilica for three naves with transept and three apses and a square bell tower. She existed still in the 17th century. Mr Bichler made statements and sketch of the church of Lièpvre's priory. It supplies descriptions of the church such as she existed in this time. The ledge of the outside wall of the choir of the former convent was decorated with heads of oxen, rams, muzzles and lions.
On August 2, 1652, the mayor of Lièpvre and some inhabitants become alarmed at the decay of Lièpvre's priory with the lease-holder and ask that it begins repairs. The roof of the church is in very bad state as well as the tours of the chapel. The collateral two are completely burned following the war of thirty years. They ask the lease-holder to advance the necessary money to make repairs. They also demand ropes to ring the bells of the church of the priory and to make charities as formerly.
In 1666, the nave was damaged, only the choir remained still. In the former panes of Lièpvre's church one perceived the image of the abbot Fulrad with these words: do mea cuncta Deo hic, and on the other side Charlemagne's portrait with this registration: trusting haec jubeo. Dom Alliot of Moyenmoutier Abbey who visited in 1704 Lièpvre Priory reporteded in a letter sent to Dom Mabillon that the church remained still complete:
He adds that the base holds an abbot, Fulrad, who holds in his hand a scroll with this legend:
With the wars of 17th century, the priory undergoes the other damages. In 1704 the father Benoît Picart assures that he does not stay any more up than a part of the church.
The priory is once again burned a bit further, doubtless accidentally, and on June 18, 1738, Saint Georges's chapter crossed a treaty to restore her such as she was before, for the price for fifty Louis or. In spite of repairs, the church priory remained still well ruined and shaky.
A new visit of the priory is organized on August 3, 1717 by the canons of the badge Saint Georges's church of Nancy together with the priest of Lièpvre, François Louis Ferry.
It spring of this visit that the pavement of the nave is in very bad state and that there are any more no pavements in the collateral. The panes of the choir of the church are also ruined. The roof of the church turns out also in bad state, and to seal breaches, one put " swains ". In spite of these precautions, it is always raining of all the sides. They agree unanimously to make repairs. They notice also that the wall of the entrance of the church, towards the village, is cracked and that it threatens to overthrow all the time. During the visit, the priest of Lièpvre announces also that he exists in a very former small wooden safe, the rests of the relics of Holy Alexander.
One possesses some details on buildings and on church of Lièpvre's convent due to the abbot Ingold who found in the archives of Karlsruhe an ancient plan with some precision. This plan was a cavalier sight of the church: it was a building with transept with apse flanked with two abseils; the choir, very short, which preceded the apse, was heightened with five walking. Seven square pillars of every edge separated the nave of bottom - quoted, of which each was enlightened with five windows. Everything this gives the idea of a rather spacious vessel which could have 35 or 40 meters in length. Near the transept, near the side gospel, was the unique bell tower.
According to the abbot Grandidier (It is in 1775 and 1776 that the abbot Grandidier took charge of Lièpvre's priory) but also of the father Louis Laguille this church would be that what is more built Fulrad in the 8th century. But it seems maybe too beautiful. Of any time one is allowed go gladly to age monuments, and same error was especially easy to the 18th century, when the archaeology of the Middle Age did not still exist. This church and all the priory had to suffer from the passage of Armagnacs and uprising of the Boorish.
The former choir of the convent became a chapel under Saint Georges's invocation until the Revolution of 1789. To Lièpvre the auction of the biends of the Chapter Saint Georges took place only on June 17, 1791. The inhabitants bought the plough able ground over Chalmont. The municipality saved itself copses and meadows in the middle of the hillside and the State seized the forest which is even today a national forest. The chapel was sold as property national and transformed into particular house. Soon industrial buildings replaced the former priory, so that there is any more nothing of Fulrad's work. Even the recollection of the illustrious monk disappeared among the population. There is any more no cult in honor of the Holy. The own of the diocese of Strasbourg does not mention it. During the Revolution, in 1790, the valley of Lièpvre was incorporated into the department of the Height - Rhine and did not depend any more on the Lorraine.
Before 1790, time when one abolished convents in all France, this chapel was sold as property national and transformed into particular house; one still saw there stained glasses carrying the portraits of Fulrad and Charlemagne. One saw there also a grave on which was represented a profile of feminine bust, the head of which was decorated with a long plait. One believed in the region that this grave contained the rests of a girl of Charlemagne, but this opinion did not rest on any foundation, any coming registration to support this opinion widely spread in the population. On the other hand, what is proved, it is that the choir of the church of Lièpvre's convent contained the ashes of the Lords of Echéry who had their castle in the heart of the valley of Petit Rombach, on the municipality of Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines, and who were the sub-dedicated or authorized agents of duke of Lorraine and consequently defender of the monks of Lièpvre. It is doubtless in this quality that they received the honor to be buried in Lièpvre's convent. Fact is widely proved because one found on a grave stone which covered these very well preserved graves registration in Gothic style " Hie Ligent die von Echeric und ruwent in gottes frieden " (Here are buried those of Echéry, that they rest in peace). This stone was removed with the chapel in 1790 and placed as altar stone in the Lièpvre's parochial church. She was moved in 1842, when one changed the altars of this church and is at present placed in Lièpvre's cemetery.
In 1816, the ground on which was built Lièpvre's priory was acquired with Rissler, which installed there a factory of tissues, then it crossed in the family Dietsch in 1844 and in 1959 in Schmidt Kitchens situated today Avenue Clemenceau. In the last century Romanic sculptures of the former priory were still preserved in the enclosure of the factory.
Next to the church is a Romanic chapel of the end of 11th century (ossuary ?) but transformed in the 17th century with coupled windows, columns and in full port arches. Big gravestone of the Lords of Echery of 14th century.
According to the fragments found during the excavations of 19th century, one removed rubble of the fragments of albite, what proves that the convent received and was decorated with numerous marble fragments and of porphyry. One knows that this stone results from Roman time, that the Roman used and appreciated particularly. The discovery of these walls proves that a part of the buildings of the convent extended between the church and the main road in Lièpvre's exit. Skeletons found in the top indicate still that the cemetery of the monks was in the sleeping. During these searches made in 1850, was found no pavement, no cut or sculptured stone. A single silver coin, in Antoine's effigy, duke of Lorraine, was removed from clearings. However, one discovered bad lucks of any kind and numerous fragments of porphyries green and red, human bones were dug up. In several places, the earth was calcined. Of this ground one removed scoria's of iron, copper and some coal. Although that these discoveries establish by in a formal way the place of the Abbey, they prove however that buildings had a rather considerable importance
One even sees today old four borders between the various copses of the municipality. Most disappeared, but it remains there four after the brook of Vaurière, among Rombach-le-Franc and Lièpvre. They are numbered and carry the initials of Holy Georges's chapter of Nancy which succeeded Lièpvre's priory Benedictine from 1512, namely bishop's butt with two letters S.G. (Saint Georges). They are practically the last vestiges of the former donation of Charlemagne.
It is in 1512 that Saint Georges's chapter entered ownership of the priory of Lièpvre and his rights and powers. Until this date, the monks of the order of Saint sanctimonious disserve the parishes of the Valley of Lièpvre. In 1536 we find one named Blaiser, a priest - chaplain to Lièpvre, then Jean Humbert, cleaned out in the Valley of Lièpvre and living in Holy Cross. Lièpvre and Holy Cross are the most old parishes of the Valley. Firmin cleaned out to Lièpvre and another document of 1661 speaks about " Holy Sebastian's Confraternity". It is during the priesthood of the priest Morel that was established " Estat of Pensions ", censes and inheritances belonging to the consorce of the Lièpvre's parochial church. The successor of Jean Morel harmed the parish until 1719. After Jean Cucufat Henry, we find:
In 1744, Jean Morel became Vice-chancellor of Lièpvre and Rombach-le-Franc's parish. It is he notably who took care to finish lawsuit concerning the distribution of the tithe, instituted on the subject of Saint Georges in Nancy. It forced by all the legal means the church primatial to rebuild Lièpvre's parochial church, and to the usurpers of the possessions of the church to be restored all that they had possessed inequitably. Due to his energy and its multiple steps, the vice-chancellor Joly of Morey obtained in 1748 a favorable judgment which terminated numerous lawsuits. The classification of tithes was concluded by judgment of duke of Lorraine.
Lièpvre's current church which is on Rombach-le-Franc's road was reconstructed probably by 1752, but there was in this place a church from the 13th century placed under the invocation of Holy Alexander which was frequented by the inhabitants of Rombach-le-Franc and Lièpvre for Sunday masses, marriages, funerals who was destroyed during the war of 30 years. The elements of the Lièpvre's parochial church were gone up with former rests resulting from the priory of Lièpvre and the church Holy Alexander. In the church a gravestone removed with the chapel in 1790, was placed as altar stone in the Lièpvre's parochial church, but it was uncalled-for when in 1843 one changed the altars of this church. She contained the rests of the last Lord of Eckerich died in 1381. They were leaned in the wall of the church, but these elements have since summer moved in front of the entrance of the church One of the most curious objects which contained the chapel is the baptism which one even sees today under the bell tower of the church It is stone and has the shape of a chalice. The bottom forms a square which is decorated on its four faces of sculptures subjects of which seem pulled by the Apocalypse of Holy Jean. The stone which serves of base is also decorated with symbolic subjects.
The big bell of the Lièpvre's parochial church results also from the convent of Holy Alexandre. She carries the date of 1542. This bell was melted by an artist of Lorraine, Jean Lamperti native of Deneuvre, by Baccarat. This village had formerly a collegiate church based in 1301 under Saint Georges's title by Henri Sire of Blamont and Deneuvre and Cunégonde his woman. Lamperti exercised there during long years the profession of long-distance skiers; their bells competed under the report quality and the elegance, with those of the most famous factories and their fame widely exceeded Lorraine. Two constancies distinguished them: the presence of Saint Georges's medallion and one finds them on Lièpvre's bells.
According to the popular legend she was hidden in a meadow near Lièpvre during the war of 30 years, from the approach of the Swedes who ravaged the valley in the 1635's and 1636 and notably the convent. She was dug up a century later and risen on the bell tower of the church. One notices there two medallions of which the one represents Saint Georges bringing down the dragon and the other one the Virgin Mary with the child Jesus accompanied with angels, playing different instruments. On the bell have bed: O sancta Married and sancte Cucufate martir orate pro nobis; and more low:Maria am named in honor of God and of the Virgo Marie was faict. Who was this Saint Cucufat ? A martyr died for the faith in Barcelona in Spain on July 25 303.
One reads in saint Cucufat's acts that the relics were given to Charlemagne by the wali of Barcelona Sulaiman Ibn-Al Arabi and that the abbot Fulrad having obtained them from the emperor, put down deposited them in the church of Lièpvre's priory which he had based. Were they complete relics? The Spaniards claim that Holy Cucufat's body is in Barcelona and that one carried in France only his leader. A part of these relics stayed in Lièpvre till the beginning of XIX th century. One worshipped this relic in the sacristy which was contained in a small wooden reliquary, decorated outside with sculptures. Another part of relics was transported by Hildouin, abbot of Saint-Denis ( 835 ) in the abbey. Four head of columns resulting from the former convent serve at present in Lièpvre's church of bases for banners. The small chapel which one sees to the right of the church was built with the rests of the former priory. It is all which stays of the former convent.
On February 6, 2004 the frescoes of 13th century were discovered under the vaults of the choir of the ancient church during the renovation of the parochial church. These frescoes could date years 1200-1250 what would have anything of amazing because one knows that a chapel was in the place of the choir which was protected and of which the rest was demolished in 1752 to leave place with the bigger current church.
The valley was attacked (around the 13th century) by the troops of the bishop of Strasbourg, the warlike Conrad de Lichtenberg
. Troops made frequently raids on the valley, particularly against Lièpvre. It is in conflict with the Lorraine and the Eckerick vassals of dukes of Lorraine since first half of XIII-th century. Frequent altercations already had taken place previously among them Lichtenberg
and Lorraine who lasted until 1290 year during which a girl of duke of Lorraine married Conrad de Fribourg of which the mother was Lichtenberg. To celebrate this conciliation, the bishop invited many representatives of the nobility of Alsace and Lorraine in his palace in Strasbourg. After so many years of war, Lièpvre then knew 48 years of peace.
In 1331 Jean d'Echerick waged war with the duke of Lorraine against the count of Bar.
Jean d'Echerick ravaged Bertrimoutier
, Provenchères-sur-Fave
, Remomeix
, Sainte Marguerite
. He ambushed the canons Jean of Toulon, Geoffroy of Herbeuviller and Nicolas de Porcher who commanded the troops of the chapter. He arrested and locked them into his donjon of High Echery; he demanded 750 livres tournois in ransom. In 1338, the imperial cities were at war against Berthold of Bucheck, the bishop of Strasbourg. Jean d'Echery commanded the troops of Sélestat
. By way of reprisal, the bishop joined the baron of Hohenstein
, landvogt of Alsace
to ravage the Valley of Lièpvre and besiege Echery's castle, accompanied by the troops of Jean Senn, bishop of Basel. Lièpvre and Rombach-le-Franc were burned out, while Lièpvre's convent was partially destroyed.
The region was not completely pacified because later, the chapter of Saint-Dié complained about one Johel, a brigand with his hide=out in the Valley of Lièpvre who emerged to plunder and rob the population on the other side of the Vosges. This detail, which is in the Archives of the Meurthe and the Moselle, is undated, but possibly about the famous English captain, Jean Jouel, killed in the battle of Cocherel
(1364).
On July 4, 1365 the valley is attacked with groups of hirelings named in French "routiers" taken by Arnaud de Cervole
(1300–1366) says l'Archiprêtre, celebrates leader in them big companies in the XIV-th century. It is called so because he perceives incomes of him Archiprêté of Vélines
and is in the service of Charles V
which with Bertrand Du Geslin try to chase away of France the big companies. Arnaud of Cervole told to want to save the domains of the church, it is not anything of it. The pope Innocent VI launched an appeal to the crusade against these heretics who took themselves it in the possessions of the church. It invades Valley of Lièpvre, by way of him it Col de Saverne, with his 40 000 hirelings. It is also in service for him count of Blamont who is in war with the bishop of Strasbourg
. It ravages Valley of Lièpvre and sets fire to Lièpvre, Rombach-le-Franc and Saint Croix-aux-Mines. On May 25, 1366 Arnaud de Cervole is killed near Mâcon
during a quarrel with one of his people as it tried to collect the bands of hirelings scattered in Languedoc.
's administration. They followed on the Big Companies which were troops of adventurers who were paid by the princes in times of war and who lived on plunders and on ransoms in times of peace or of armistice. They saddened France in XV-th century under the administrations of Jean II and Charles V
. After the French-English armistice of 1444, Charles VII employs the Swindlers against the Lorraine and Alsace. This militia of 30 0000 people was consisted of French, English, and Spanish. 1000 Scot participated in this militia under the behaviour of Jean de Mongommery which had the headquarters in Châtenois
.
Armagnacs was under behaviour of the Dauphin of Louis XI
and had entered Alsace in 1444, forcing cities and villages to submit itself and undergoing in the populations the worst treatments to those that opposed to it. They plundered and set on fire everything on their passage. They set on fire Saint Hyppolite
, and Geispolsheim, besieges Dambach-la-Ville
, Obernai, Rhinau and Mulhouse
, takes Eguisheim, Marckolsheim, Niedernai and Herrlisheim. They plunder Mutzig's region, as well as Pairis Abbey
(to Orbey), Rouffach and Rosheim. To avoid that Lièpvre is completely destroyed the village submits itself to the Dauphin, as well as the nearby village Rombach-le-Franc. Lièpvre will be destroyed in 1445 with the troops which the dolphin led in Alsace after famous battle of Saint Jacques near Basel
. These troops were an irregular militia consisted of different nations, and which were known under the name of Armagnacs.
Having camped during more than a year in Alsace, Armagnacs leave the province in spring on 1445, because there was no more big thing to be set and who besides lifted up himself quite complete. Charles VII worried about bad news which reached him ordered Armagnacs to evacuate the region on March 20, 1445. A part of these troops by withdrawing in Lorraine crossed Valley of Lièpvre Thursday before Palm Sunday and was surprised unexpectedly with the troops of the city of Schlestadt (Sélestat) commanded by Gunther Lang the bursar of the prieuré Sainte Foy whom had joined the farmers of Villé
, Rombach-le-Franc, Lièpvre and Saint Croix-aux-Mines. Ulrich of Rathsamhausen, the provost of Obernai and his farmers enlarged Gunther's rows to organize resistance Down from mountains, camouflaged in bushes, they see going back up endless columns of riders and wagons. They rolled enormous districts of cliffs and trunks on Armagnacs near the locality the cliff of violins near the road which goes towards Musloch, to the place said by the cliff of the violin. Armagnacs lost until 300 people. Among the deaths one finds Landgrave which was Scottish and the marshal of the palace of the dolphin which was the brother-in-law of the king and which could be Jean de Montgoméry. Resistance against Armagnacs is steered by Henri Gunther which had received " Lang's " nickname because of its big size. It is in the head of 400 brave people and hundred farmers who start again in Armagnacs the booty which they had amassed: 9 artillery, 400 horses, 9 banners of which one belonged to Switzerland (Swisses). Beautiful women are also arrested.
There are besides 80 armors, 6000 golden guilders and a big quantity of plates, several barrels of powder and the various tools. Charles VII learning the short story of the disaster of Lièpvre put himself in a terrible anger by accusing of unreliability and unreliability those that had so deftly advised him for the crossing of Vosges, and in particular the Margrave de Baden responsible for the mouths with fire which were now between the hands of the middle-class persons of Sélestat. This first-rate Margrave by the marriage with a princess of Lorraine possessed the bailliage of Saint-Dié . Is doubtless for this occasion that was lost an iron spur the knurl of which is formed with six flowers of lys and which was found in on 1815 around of Lièpvre.
of the house of Wangen, about mines situated in the Valley of Lièpvre. Incapable to triumph his cause with his own forces, he called up to his help François de Sickingen a first-rate adventurer. This one brought the support by engaging a band of 6000 people which seized Saint-Hippolyte by surprise. Duke Antoine bought Sickingen's neutrality and entered the Valley of Lièpvre where the troops of Geroldseck which blocked them passage were undone. It started again then Saint-Hippolyte
and cut the head to an inhabitant of this city which had favored the entrance(entry) of the enemy. The name of Geroldseck appears frequently in the history of Alsace and the archives of the Middle Age. One of the families went out in XIV th and one has him knew under the name of Géroldseck-ès-Vosges (" In Vosaso, am Wasichim ") because of the castles situated in Vosges, over Saverne. The other family pulled its name of the castle of Hohen Géroldseck, established on one of the tops of her Black Forest
, near Lahr
. This war was baptized " the war of ewes " because of the big quantity of sheeps which was deprived of it by Geroldseck's bands which remained only by the plunder and the robberies duke of Lorraine also has a various with the emperor Charles the Fifth
in the 1519's in 1521 for the same motive. These difficulties are settled in the privately negotiated by an arbitration judgment in 1521. The considerations of this report are contained in a big register of 440 pages which is in the local archives of Meurthe-et-Moselle.
The Lord Geroldseck's Walter by engaging a German adventurer, Sickingen's Franz, who was renowned to commit numerous robberies under excuse to defend the weak and the oppressed, with his 6000 people by going in the Valley of Lièpvre with his troops provokes rather important damages in the Chronic valley of They are engaged in any sorts of exactions to the population.
In May on 1574, they are soldiers who cross the valley by squadrons from 100 to 200 people, but do not commit damages. Durant the December 1575 Swiss hirelings take the same road. Duke of Lorraine orders his subjects to supply them foods for an accessible price so that they not vandalisent not the inhabitants, but their demand to watch them of very near and to refuse them the entrance to the walled up cities. Later by 1591, they are Italian deserters who pass in the valley without committing damages. They go to Saint Marie-aux-Mines where one tries to arrest them, but they run away by abandoning their horses, weapons and rags which are seized and are sold for the benefit of duke of Lorraine.
She results from the former chapel of Lièpvre's priory where was the grave of the Lords Echery. The paving stone was then transferred in 1790 outside of the parochial church built in 1756. She was moved in 1843 when one changed altar. The grave contained the rests of the last Lord of Echerich died in 1381. The gravestone is since September, 1998 exposed inside the church of Our Lady of the Assumption. On the gravestone one can another perceive registration affected in time drafted in German: " Hie ligent die von Eckeric und ruwent in Gottes friden " ( = Here is buried those of Echery and rests in God's peace)
This chapel is placed under the invocation of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart and placed in front of the former school. She even has a cellar and would have been built on the place of a former house destroyed by a fire in 1903. This one would have even served of inn during the revolution. The chapel is inaugurated Monday of the Pentecost in 1905 by the Priest Legay.
It exists still in the locality of Vaurière, among Rombach-le-Franc and Lièpvre, near the brook, four borders dated 1680 beaten with an abbatial butt and with a letter S.G. (= Saint Georges). The border n°31 is in Kast towards the path which rises in Chalmont. These borders which were doubtless more numerous at the time, bounded the grounds which belonged to Lièpvre's priory and since 1502 on the subject of the Saint Georges collegiate church of Nancy. These borders were installed by 1680.
On February 6, 2004 during restoration work on the church of Our Lady of the Assumption, some frescoes were revealed that could date from 13th century. These paintings are under the vault of the former chapel in the entrance of the hall of the current church. During the cleaning of the ceiling workmen uncovered
under a layer of plaster fragments of frescoes representing the evangelists Saint Mark, Saint Matthew, Saint John and Saint Luke. A lion and also perhaps a bull can be seen. These frescoes were unfortunately seriously damaged in 1917 when the church bells were requisitioned by the Germans during World War 1. These are now the only remains. On Sunday April 2, 2006, the bells of the church Our Lady of the Assumption were rung at to announce the high mass for the reinauguration of the church entrance, the former Romanesque choir of the building. This had been restored after twenty years of work to restore the remains of the Romanesque church: the vault of the choir, diaphragm and frescoes. Originally, the choir and the altar faced east according to tradition, but following successive enlargements they were moved to face opposite. It was to relive the past of 250 years that it was decided to restore temporarily but solemnly the old position to reenact the event 250 years ago in what is the present entrance of the church. The Father Bernard Schutz, cure of Lièpvre and Rombach-le-Franc, Father Marcel Ehrhardt cure of Lièpvre for 14 years and the canon Aloyse Kieffer and Joseph Burel celebrated the office. This festival was unique, and the last time mass had been celebrated in such a way was about 260 years ago.
The fountain of Saint Alexander was discovered completely accidentally in 1987 to the south of the village in the locality of Raincorne. Some children from Lièpvre were building a small dam when they uncovered its remains. They brought to light an ancient shaft which dated from the Early Middle Ages, maybe even from the time of the Abbot Fulrad. This fountain supplied a tank which was located within the area of the priory. In the Middle Ages the name of St. Alexander was frequently atttached to waters which was renowned to cure eye diseases. In those times pilgrims came from the plain of Alsace and from the Vosges to collect some mouthfuls of this invaluable and miraculous water. This ancient fountain of Saint Alexander was made by the monks of the Priory of Lièpvre who constructed a conduit of bored wooden pipes joined by hand forged scraps of iron. The source of this fountain never dried up. Two oaken doors sealed the entrance of the sandstone basin which had a capacity of 1600 liters[79]. About 1908, Mr Victor Kuentzmann former teacher of Lièpvre stated that the basin had been transferred to Bois l' Abbess, but this one will return in the village of Lièpvre in 1990. This basin was then moved 20 meters north in June 1990 to avoid being buried by roadsworks on the RN59. The fountain carried Alexander's name in memory of relics Saint Alexander
pope and martyr that the abbot Fulrad had brought from Rome in 763 as donation of the Pope Paul I
(757 - 767) brother of the Pope Stephen II
.
Communes of France
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
in the Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin is a département of the Alsace region of France, named after the Rhine river. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departements of Alsace, although is still densely populated compared to the rest of France.-Subdivisions:The department...
department in Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
in north-eastern France.
In the 8th century saint and abbot, Fulrad
Fulrad
Saint Fulrad was abbot of St. Denis' Abbey . He was born at Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin in Alsace. He served as a counselor to three Frankish rulers: Pepin, Carloman, and Charlemagne...
, built a monastery
Monastery
Monastery denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of monastics, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone .Monasteries may vary greatly in size – a small dwelling accommodating only...
and filled it with relics of Saint Cucuphas.
Geography
The municipality nestles in the valley of the Liepvrette as it descends from the main chain of VosgesVosges mountains
For the department of France of the same name, see Vosges.The Vosges are a range of low mountains in eastern France, near its border with Germany. They extend along the west side of the Rhine valley in a northnortheast direction, mainly from Belfort to Saverne...
in the neighborhood of the Col de Bagenelles (Vosges). It flows at first towards the northeast, and reaches Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines nestles in the massif of the Vosges Mountains, where it occupies the beautiful V-shaped valley of the Lièpvrette...
. Lebraha's original name is doubtless of Celtic origin and seems to come from the word Labar, from which comes the Latin name for the area Valle Leporus by 1200. It was also called at this time Levremouster, which is the name in the local patois.
Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines
Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:*...
where it receives the streams of the valleys of the Petit and Grand Rombach and arrives at Lièpvre. There it is enlarged by the stream of le Rombach which crosses Hingrie and Rombach-le-Franc
Rombach-le-Franc
Rombach-le-Franc is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:*...
. Below Lièpvre, the river runs between the ruined castle of Frankenbourg in the north and the castle of Haut-Koenigsbourg in the south then across the municipality of Scherwiller
Scherwiller
Scherwiller is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The ruined castle of Ramstein is located in Scherwiller.-References:*...
. The Liepvrette then joins the Giessen (Scheer in former times) which arises from the Val de Villé, and together these waters pour into the River Ill below Sélestat
Sélestat
Sélestat is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.In 2006, Sélestat had a total population of 19,459. The Communauté de communes de Sélestat et environs had a total population of 35,397.-Geography:...
.
The municipality of Lièpvre is bordered by some notable summits of the Vosges: in the South Brézouard (on 1229 m), Taennchel
Taennchel
The Taennchel is one of the summits of the Vosges Mountains, rising to 988 metres. The Taennchel rises at the East of France, in the département of Haut-Rhin , half-way between Strasbourg to the North and Mulhouse to the South, around 60 kilometres from both cities.The general area around the...
(992 m) and High-Koenigsbourg (775 m), in the North Altenberg (880 m), Chalmont (697 meters in height - in German called Karlsberg), the Rocher du Coucou (819 m) and Frankenbourg (703 m). The northern chain of the Altenberg separates the Valley of Lièpvre from the Val de Villé. A road built in 1905 completely opened up Rombach-le-Franc which is 2 km (1.2 mi) from Lièpvre. This road leads to the hamlet of Hingrie situated 7 km (4.3 mi) from Lièpvre and onto the Col de Fouchy. The village of Liepvre owes its name to the river which runs through it and its origin to the priory of Lièpvre. Lièpvre occupies about the center of the valley of the Liepvrette and was for a long time the main conglomeration of the Valley of Lièpvre. Lièpvre is 275 meters above sea level.
Distances and localities
(there are 102) :Agely, Anvers, Aspygoutte, la Baisse des noyers, la Basse maisse, la Basse Mathis, la Brode, Bois l'Abbesse, Grand Breuil, le Petit Breuil, la Brode, le Calvin, Chalmont, Champs Le moine, Champs Germain, Champs grosse tête, Champs Hache, Champs Haton, Clos pré,la Collinière, la Craintole, Creux pré, Creuse de la Gely, Creux pré, Derrière la fabrique, Derrière la Grand rue, Derrière l'église, Devant Chalmont, Devant le Bois, Devant le Rain Brûlé, Devant Ménabois, Devant Musloch, Devant Vesprés, Doynières, l'Entregoutte, Estary, Faubourg de Sainte Marie, Faubourg de Sélestat, Fourrière de la fête, Fourrière de l'église, Fourrière de la place, Frarupt, la Gely, Genaugoutte, la Grande Baisse, les Grands Champs, les Grands Jardins, les Grands prés, les Gros Champs, Grandes fourrières, Grands jardins, le Gravier, la Halle, Hauts champs, la Haute Echevé, la Herrschaft, Aux Grands Zônés, le Kast, Estary, au Lundi, les Eveaux, le Haut Ménèchamp,Hoimbach, Kesbel, Musloch, Ménabois, Mollembach, Montplaisir, le Passé, Pairis, Paquis du Bas, Picaupré, la Pinasse, la Petite Baisse, les Prés Monts, le Pré Saint Alexandre, Prés de la Mule, Prés de l'étang, Prés de Mollenbach, Pré de la Dame, Pré Trinquart, Raincorn, Rain des Bolles, le Rain Brûlé, le Rain de la Mule, le Rain des Brulattes, Sous la Craintole, Sous la Raincorne, Sous le canal, Sous le Clos pré, Spiacôte, Spiemont, Sur la plaine, Sur le chemin, Sur le Ravin, Sur les Vignes, la Vaurière, Vesprés, la Vieille Papeterie, le village, Votembach.
Municipal Boundaries
Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines
Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:*...
was in 1445 the refuge of the farmers of the Valley of Lièpvre who surprised the Armagnacs who had invaded Lorraine
Lorraine (province)
The Duchy of Upper Lorraine was an historical duchy roughly corresponding with the present-day northeastern Lorraine region of France, including parts of modern Luxembourg and Germany. The main cities were Metz, Verdun, and the historic capital Nancy....
, and defeated them near the Rocher des Violons Musloch is called in 1517 Museloch, in 1782 Mauslauch. The name comes from the mine which was exploited from 15th century. A mine called St. Anne was discovered there in 1545 but was abandoned in 1750 because the cost of exploitation was too expensive. By then the place appears as Misloch or Meusloch which was an established hamlet of about thirteen families.
Chalmont 697 metres in height. It was called Nannenstol in Charlemagne's diploma in 774, then Chainement in 1517, Challemont in 1596, sometimes Charlemont and Karlsberg during the German occupation. In the local patois Chalmont is called Chânemont.
Raincorne: this is the peak dominating the outlet of Hoimbach on its western side.
le Kast: this is the hill located at the foot of Chalmont at the southern exit of Rombach-the-Franc. The name undoubtedly comes from "Kastanie" (= sweet chestnut) since chestnuts were planted there and the wood was used to stake out the local vineyards.
Champ Hache: a locality near Kast.
Spiemont: in German it is called the Stemberg.
Hermitage
A monk named Bobolinus had settled near Lièpvre where he had built a hermitage, Bobolinocella. Certain writers think that it could involve Andaldovillaré mentioned in CharlemagneCharlemagne
Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800...
's charters and who would be the wooden hamlet the Abbess (who was a part before 1789 of La Vancelle
La Vancelle
La Vancelle is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:*...
, the Bas Rhin and who was connected then with the municipality of Lièpvre), the others more numerous tilt rather for Saint-Hippolyte
Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin
Saint-Hippolyte is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It is often said to be the birthplace of the 8th century saint and abbot, Fulrad, who built a monastery there...
. This hermitage of Bobolinocella's name is mentioned in a document of Charlemagne in 774.
A monk Bobolinus was abbot in Italy, becoming the 37th bishop of Vienna. Another monk Bobolinus name was monk of Stavelot Abbey in Belgium. This Benedictine monastery was founded in 648 by Saint Remacle to evangelize Stavelot-Malmedy's region near Liège
Liège
Liège is a major city and municipality of Belgium located in the province of Liège, of which it is the economic capital, in Wallonia, the French-speaking region of Belgium....
. This person would have registered a testimony of certain Genechselo dated Esherico the 16th year of Sigebert III's administration, king of Austrasia (at the beginning of 648 the end of 650). This act, the original of which has disappeared, was formerly in the archives of the abbey of Saint-Denis. Genchieselo admits to have taken leaves in a fight arisen in his house having pulled died from man.
Escherico's name is close and very similar to that of the hamlet of Echéry to Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines who belonged to the Duchy of Alsace
Duchy of Alsace
The Duchy of Alsace was a large political subdivision of the Frankish Empire during the last decade and a half of Merovingian rule. It corresponded to the territory of Alsace and was carved out of southern Austrasia in the last decade of the reign of Dagobert I, probably to stabilise the southern...
, maybe at first to duke Attic father of Sainte Odile, boss of Alsace. Later these lands passed in Luitfried II's hands of which the two threads, Leuthard and Hugue granted these lands to the girl of this last one, Irmengarde 804-858) who built in this place a small sanctuary. Irmengarde will become in year 821 the wife of Lothaire I (795-855). Afterward Echéry's lands will become the property of the monks of Gorze
Gorze
Gorze is a commune in the Moselle department in Lorraine in north-eastern France.It was the home of the once-famous Gorze Abbey.-See also:*Communes of the Moselle department*Parc naturel régional de Lorraine...
(the Moselle
Moselle
Moselle is a department in the east of France named after the river Moselle.- History :Moselle is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790...
). A monk of named Gorze Blidulphe will settle down at about 10th century with some other monks in this place to create Echéry's convent. Due to the silver mines that they had discovered they were able to develop the priory which became celebrated in all the region and in Lorraine.
Foundation of Lièpvre
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, Lebera or Lebraha in Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
- In German the valley of Lièpvre takes Leberthal or Leberachtal's name and in Latin that of Lepora Leporeacensis vallis) is a big village situated on the brook which carries Lièpvrette's name, named in the former Carolingian titles Laimaha, notably in Charlemagne's diplomas in 774 and of Lothair I
Lothair I
Lothair I or Lothar I was the Emperor of the Romans , co-ruling with his father until 840, and the King of Bavaria , Italy and Middle Francia...
in 854 and fluvius Laima in Fulrad's will in 777. The village is based by a future abbot of Saint-Denis, Fulrad
Fulrad
Saint Fulrad was abbot of St. Denis' Abbey . He was born at Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin in Alsace. He served as a counselor to three Frankish rulers: Pepin, Carloman, and Charlemagne...
, whose parents had immense possessions in Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
. These possessions had been seized by Clovis
Clovis II
Clovis II succeeded his father Dagobert I in 639 as King of Neustria and Burgundy. His brother Sigebert III had been King of Austrasia since 634. He was initially under the regency of his mother Nanthild until her death in her early thirties in 642...
which had redistributed them to some property owners of whom the parents of Fulrad. Riculfe, the father of Fulrad possessed indeed lands to Saint Hippolyte but also in the other places of Alsace. The region was doubtless already known by the young person Fulrad due to his parents who often took him in this region which he appreciated so much. Valley of Lièpvre was then a place where took place narrow contacts between populations on each side of the Rhine. It is doubtless the reason for which Fulrad will think of creating a convent to take foot on the other side of the border to serve Carolingian cause. Very close were also the descendants of the benefactors of Wissembourg
Wissembourg
Wissembourg is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in northeastern France.It is situated on the little River Lauter close to the border between France and Germany approximately north of Strasbourg and west of Karlsruhe. Wissembourg is a sub-prefecture of the department...
's abbey, among whom one meets Boniface's name, carried by a brother of Fulrad. In the will it mentions that it has two brothers: Gausbert and Boniface and a sister Waldrade. His parents, Riculfe and Emengarden were not Alsatian, but were origin is not so Alsace but Mosellane which is the cradle of Welfs. En 770 Fulrad begins the construction of a priory to Fulradocella, Lièpvre's primitive name. It took then Leberaha's name, where from comes Leberau's name, formed with the name of the river which pours into the village: Leber to whom was joined the diminutive To the whom means prairie or campaign.
The monks begin then to take foot in the valley and begin to cultivate lands. In 774, Charlemagne
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800...
approves Lièpvre's foundation in a diploma sent since Duren
Düren
Düren is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, capital of Düren district. It is located between Aachen and Cologne on the river Rur.-Roman era:Celts inhabited Düren's area before the Romans. They called their small settlement Durum . After the Celts other Germanic tribes settled this area...
and assures him at the same opportunity several other properties situated in the royal domain of Kintzheim
Kintzheim
Kintzheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The Château de Kintzheim is a well-known landmark in the commune.-Heraldry:The Kintzheim coat of arms is a black eagle on a white background...
's neighborhood with straight ahead of meadow and hunting.
The first important matter which made Fulrad
Fulrad
Saint Fulrad was abbot of St. Denis' Abbey . He was born at Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin in Alsace. He served as a counselor to three Frankish rulers: Pepin, Carloman, and Charlemagne...
to open up the valley was the creation of a road leading of Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
in Lorraine
Lorraine (province)
The Duchy of Upper Lorraine was an historical duchy roughly corresponding with the present-day northeastern Lorraine region of France, including parts of modern Luxembourg and Germany. The main cities were Metz, Verdun, and the historic capital Nancy....
and crossing all the valley. It received Pippin the Short license in 750 to lead works. One came from serfs of Saint-Dié (Saint Déodat's ) region of the Valley of Galilée who are mirrored at once to cultivate forests and to make necessary works. This road succeeded by Lièpvre to join the plain of Alsace. The road was not the one that we know today, because Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines nestles in the massif of the Vosges Mountains, where it occupies the beautiful V-shaped valley of the Lièpvrette...
did not count at the time. She passed by Petit Rombach connected today with Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines to end on the other side of Vosges
Vosges
Vosges is a French department, named after the local mountain range. It contains the hometown of Joan of Arc, Domrémy.-History:The Vosges department is one of the original 83 departments of France, created on February 9, 1790 during the French Revolution. It was made of territories that had been...
in Lusse. It is finally only from 18th century, by 1761 that was constructed another road passing this time this by Col de Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines nestles in the massif of the Vosges Mountains, where it occupies the beautiful V-shaped valley of the Lièpvrette...
.
Convent of Lièpvre
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800...
donated him Saint-Dié's convent. This establishment placed in around thirty km of Lièpvre owes its birth to the concession of a territory of the royal treasury by the king Childéric II
Childeric II
Childeric II was the king of Austrasia from 662 and of Neustria and Burgundy from 673 until his death, making him sole King of the Franks for the final two years of his life. He was the second eldest son of Clovis II. His elder brother Chlothar III was briefly sole king from 661, but gave...
at the time of the mayor Wulfoald. This person had been accused of high treason to have plotted against Pippin the Short. Translated into justice it will be condemned to death, but on Fulrad's intervention it will have safe life. In return he will give in to the king of the possessions belonging to him, of which Saint-Mihiel abbey in the diocese of Verdun.
Kintzheim
Kintzheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The Château de Kintzheim is a well-known landmark in the commune.-Heraldry:The Kintzheim coat of arms is a black eagle on a white background...
's neighborhood with straight ahead of meadow. To assure the maintenance of Lièpvre's convent, Charlemagne grants besides towards 781 a vast area of forests untied from the Kintzheim's royal domain and grants to the abbey of Saint-Denis all the tithes of Lièpvre's nearby lands. He took then the name of convent of Holy Alexander and Holy Cucuphas whose his founder enriches him. Holy Alexander's relics were at first to transport in Paris, then transferred to Lièpvre. In year 835 the relics of Saint Alexander
Saint Alexander
Saint Alexander may refer to:*Pope Alexander I , saint and pope*See Epipodius and Alexander for Saint Alexander, martyred in Lyon, 178 AD*Alexander of Bergamo , patron saint of Bergamo; may have been a Roman soldier...
and Saint Cucufat were transferred to the abbey of Saint-Denis (it is not know exactly under what circumstances) under Hilduin
Hilduin
Hilduin was Bishop of Paris, chaplain to Louis I, reforming Abbot of the Abbey of St. Denis and an author.-Background:...
's abbatiate. Cucuphas's relics, martyr of Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
(the end of 3rd and beginning of 4th century) were doubtless brought back by Spain and not of Rome between 777 and 778 to the time when Sulaiman Ibn-Al Arabi governed the region of Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
. This same Soulaiman had made his submission for Pippin the Short towards 756-753 and the bones must be returned in Long pole by the Spaniards avoiding the Moslems and given to Fulrad who has them to set to Lièpvre. The ancient parochial church to him was dedicated and the cult went on until 15th century.
In 750 Fulrad
Fulrad
Saint Fulrad was abbot of St. Denis' Abbey . He was born at Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin in Alsace. He served as a counselor to three Frankish rulers: Pepin, Carloman, and Charlemagne...
became abbot of Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Saint-Denis is a sous-préfecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis département, being the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Denis....
and begins alteration works of the abbey Merovingian. These works begin after Pippin the Short death that it had so faithfully served and before that of Carloman
Carloman
Carloman is the name of several members of the Frankish ruling family. It is also one translation of the Bulgarian name "Kaliman":* Carloman, father of Pepin I Carloman is the name of several members of the Frankish ruling family. It is also one translation of the Bulgarian name "Kaliman":*...
in 771. On February 24 775, the abbot Fulrad
Fulrad
Saint Fulrad was abbot of St. Denis' Abbey . He was born at Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin in Alsace. He served as a counselor to three Frankish rulers: Pepin, Carloman, and Charlemagne...
dedicates the church reconstructed by Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Saint-Denis is a sous-préfecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis département, being the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Denis....
in the presence of Charlemagne. Karlsruhre's library in Germany keeps a manuscript which the monks of Saint-Denis had sent towards 830 to their colleagues of Reichenau on Lake Constance
Lake Constance
Lake Constance is a lake on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps, and consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee , the Untersee , and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein.The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps...
. The manuscript contains the description of the basilica of Saint-Denis, consisted in 799, the 32nd year of the administration of the king Charles (Badische Landesbibliothek, Karlsruhre).
Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin
Saint-Hippolyte is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It is often said to be the birthplace of the 8th century saint and abbot, Fulrad, who built a monastery there...
of whom the village was only in some kilometres of Lièpvre. In Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...
one owes him notably the creation of Esslingen-am-Neckar's convents near Stuttgart, near Herbrechtingen near Heidengeim and near Hoppentenzell near Stockach to the North of Lake Constance. Territories given up to the abbot Fulrad exceeded the limits of the Valley of Lièpvre. The possessions extended also beyond the plain of Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
, Saint-Hippolyte
Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin
Saint-Hippolyte is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It is often said to be the birthplace of the 8th century saint and abbot, Fulrad, who built a monastery there...
, Roderen
Roderen
Roderen is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:**...
, Rorschwihr
Rorschwihr
Rorschwihr is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:*...
, Orschwiller
Orschwiller
Orschwiller is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.The Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg is located in the commune.-References:*...
, Haut-Koenigsbourg. It also included the complete municipalities of Lièpvre, Rombach-le-Franc and Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines with the exception of the mountain of Saint Pierre. The summit of Chalmont makes also left for the possessions of Lièpvre's priory as well as the mountain of Taennchel
Taennchel
The Taennchel is one of the summits of the Vosges Mountains, rising to 988 metres. The Taennchel rises at the East of France, in the département of Haut-Rhin , half-way between Strasbourg to the North and Mulhouse to the South, around 60 kilometres from both cities.The general area around the...
. Fulrad was also an owner of Saint Germain's church to Widensolen whom he built between 777-784. Fulrad also receives properties in Sarreguemines
Sarreguemines
Sarreguemines is a commune in the Moselle department in Lorraine in north-eastern France.It is the seat of an arrondissement.-Geography:...
's region, as well as Blittersdorf and Auersmacher (near Saarbrücken
Saarbrücken
Saarbrücken is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. The city is situated at the heart of a metropolitan area that borders on the west on Dillingen and to the north-east on Neunkirchen, where most of the people of the Saarland live....
, in the Saar) by fortunate parents of Pippin the Short and generous givers from whom names are quoted in particular: Theudericus, Haribertus. Another less known person, Ermelindus, to bequeath to Fulrad of the possessions to Kochelinge and Fechingen and maybe Vöklingen in the Saar.
During year 764 the count Ruthard who well knew Fulrad to have accompanied him up to Holy Maurice Cost it gave up him a group of possessions situated in Brisgau, to Binzen, Rummingen, Tumringen, Küttingen, Wollbach, Haltingen, Eimelfingen and Oettligen. The possessions resulted from Alamans which had there been seized. On September 23, the count Wido, future marquis of Brittany gave the other possessions to Fulrad — villages in Alsace and in Saulnois: Guémar (Ghermari), Orschwiller (Andaldovillare), Ribeauvillé
Ribeauvillé
Ribeauvillé is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.Its inhabitants are called Ribeauvillois.The picturesque town is located around north of Colmar and south of Strasbourg.-History:...
(Ratbertovillare), Grussenheim (Geucinhaim), Andolsheim (Ansulfishaim), Schafersheim, in the neighborhood of Colmar
Colmar
Colmar is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It is the capital of the department. Colmar is also the seat of the highest jurisdiction in Alsace, the appellate court....
and Sélestat
Sélestat
Sélestat is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.In 2006, Sélestat had a total population of 19,459. The Communauté de communes de Sélestat et environs had a total population of 35,397.-Geography:...
.
Ruthard was certainly one of the persons closest to Pippin the Short. It is indicated three times in the projects in which Saint-Denis is implied. From 753 at the beginning of 754, Pit sends him with Fulrad to welcome the Pope Stephen II in Argonne's holy Maurice. The importance of negotiations led by Fulrad at the expense of Pippin the Short with the Popes Zachary
Pope Zachary
Pope Saint Zachary was Pope of the Catholic Church from 741 to 752. A Greek from Calabria, he was the last pope of the Byzantine Papacy...
( 741-752 ), and Stephen II
Pope Stephen II
Pope Stephen II was Pope from 752 to 757, succeeding Pope Zachary following the death of Pope-elect Stephen. Stephen II marks the historical delineation between the Byzantine Papacy and the Frankish Papacy.-Allegiance to Constantinople:...
( 752-757 ) should not be demonstrated any more. The pope Zachary approves inauguration. Of Pippin the Short by Saint Boniface
Saint Boniface
Saint Boniface , the Apostle of the Germans, born Winfrid, Wynfrith, or Wynfryth in the kingdom of Wessex, probably at Crediton , was a missionary who propagated Christianity in the Frankish Empire during the 8th century. He is the patron saint of Germany and the first archbishop of Mainz...
in 752. On February 26 757, the pope Stephen II
Pope Stephen II
Pope Stephen II was Pope from 752 to 757, succeeding Pope Zachary following the death of Pope-elect Stephen. Stephen II marks the historical delineation between the Byzantine Papacy and the Frankish Papacy.-Allegiance to Constantinople:...
gives permission to the abbot Fulrad to build convents on his own lands or those that he bought or received from his parents he ties up relations privileged with Franks. It is following the merits that Fulrad obtains from Pope Stephen II
Pope Stephen II
Pope Stephen II was Pope from 752 to 757, succeeding Pope Zachary following the death of Pope-elect Stephen. Stephen II marks the historical delineation between the Byzantine Papacy and the Frankish Papacy.-Allegiance to Constantinople:...
the abbey of Saint-Denis. Furad was used with a lot of zeal and patience with the popes Zachary, then Adrian to obtain the pallium
Pallium
The pallium is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Roman Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the Pope, but for many centuries bestowed by him on metropolitans and primates as a symbol of the jurisdiction delegated to them by the Holy See. In that context it has always remained unambiguously...
for Abel of Reims
Abel of Reims
Abel was suffragan bishop of Reims .-Background:In the late 10th century, Folcuin wrote that Abel had been a monk of Lobbes Abbey when Bishop Ermino was abbot...
and his successor Turpin, Archbishop of Reims. The testimonies that it brought to the pope Adrian on the righteousness and the knowledge of Tilpin to permit to be raised to the rank of archbishop. In the death of Stephan II, it is his brother Paul Ier ( 757-767 ) who will be his successor. There are six popes' bulls where Fulrad's name is quoted: four of the Staphen II signed in 757, two of Adrian I, one of the 781 and other one of the 774. In Fulrad's death on July 16 784 Lièpvre's village is already rather prosperous. According to the former necrology of the Abbey of Saint-Denis, the body of the abbot Fulrad was at first interred in Saint-Denis, then transferred to Lièpvre's priory on February 17 during one year which is not clarified. The epitaph which raised to him the monk - scholar of Anglo-Saxon origin, Alcuin
Alcuin
Alcuin of York or Ealhwine, nicknamed Albinus or Flaccus was an English scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Archbishop Ecgbert at York...
, mentions that " Fulrad was the most illustrious of all the abbots who governed the abbey of Saint-Denis. He lived in the highest respect and in the almost general approval, loved by five popes, three kings and most great men of her century ".
The donation of Lièpvre's domain is confirmed much later by Lothair I
Lothair I
Lothair I or Lothar I was the Emperor of the Romans , co-ruling with his father until 840, and the King of Bavaria , Italy and Middle Francia...
in a diploma sent by Verdun
Verdun
Verdun is a city in the Meuse department in Lorraine in north-eastern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.Verdun is the biggest city in Meuse, although the capital of the department is the slightly smaller city of Bar-le-Duc.- History :...
on August 4, 854 which clarifies that only the Abbey of Saint-Denis is an owner of all these possessions and that they can be on no account alienated to someone else.
Royal basilica of Saint-Denis
In the will drafted by Fulrad in 777 to Héristal he wished that after the death all the possessions which it had acquired, bought or received are intended for the Abbey of Saint-Denis of which he was an abbot from 750 to 784. This will, analyzed by Tangl and Fleckenstein, enumerated all the possessions left under the control of Saint-Denis. This precaution was dictated by concern that its possessions would not be scattered by rivalries, the consequences of which the testator feared. He took care to have the will witnessed and endorsed by high-ranking men. There were notably the possessions which certain Widon had given, placed him partially in Mortenau, then in Alsace, notably to Guémar, Saint-Hippolyte, Andolsheim, Sundhoven, Grussenheim and Ribeauvillé.This donation had been endorsed in 768 by Pippin the Short, in a charter by which it fell to Fulrad the possessions which this abbot had given up to him while he felt in danger of death. These possessions allow to make an idea of the limit and the description of the royal domain alienated in favour of Lièpvre's convent which included so three villages of the Valley of Lièpvre (Lièpvre, Rombach-le-Franc, Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines) The other historians added that the mountain of Chalmont would be other than Nannenstol mentioned in Charlemagne
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800...
diploma in 774 whom in dialect is called Chânemont. A doubt remains however as for the origin of this name Stophanberg (Haut Koenigsbourg) but also it seems Taennchel the possessions of Lièpvre's priory made left because the monks of the priory took their pigs until the summit of this mountain so that they can eat the acorns of the oaks which sprinkled the ground. Fulrad received from his sister Waldrade Ansulsishaim's villa which he connected with Holy Alexander to Lièpvre.
In this will is also mentioned the possessions granted by Charlemagne in 774 whom declared will to give the other possessions to Fulradovilla (Lièpvre's ) convent of which several other wooded wood situated in Alsace, being a part of the Kintzheim's fiscal walking. These forests were situated to Garmaringa (Guémar), Odeldinga (near Orschwiller) and Ridmarca. It authorized besides the monks of Lièpvre graze to the crowds in all the settled of Kintzheim's walking, even except indicated limits. These properties untied from the royal domain, such as those that were a part of seigneuries of Widon and Riculfe are not mentioned in this charter signed in 774, but are indicated in Fulrad's will.
The possessions of Lièpvre's convent extended also of Frarupt's brook until that of Molembach and ended in Fersta and in Bogenstrein (Ramstein). In the other forests the rights of usage and meadow exercised in common between the nearby municipalities and Lièpvre's prieuré, what often caused disputes, notably with the inhabitants of Rombach-le-Franc.
Fulrad also mentions in his will the possessions received from certain Chrodradus on July 17, 767 (Sixteenth August calends of the 13-th year of Pepin-the-small's administration. It arranged several possessions in Germany in the pago Brisagavinsi (Brisgau) of which Rummingen, Tamingen, Kütthenhen, Haltinge, Emeldingen, Birizen and Oetlingen. Chrodradus, count of Alsace of 27/09/749 in 15/11/769 died on August 31 in year 790.
Another importing person, Ruthard who was considered as an aristocrat sold also to the abbot Fulrad of the possessions. This person is mentioned in three Pepin the Short diplomas: in 752, 753 and 759.
Widensolen's church, district of Colmar does not appear in Fulrad's will drafted in 777, but in a copy which he executed a little later.
Fulrad's death
As long as lived FulradFulrad
Saint Fulrad was abbot of St. Denis' Abbey . He was born at Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin in Alsace. He served as a counselor to three Frankish rulers: Pepin, Carloman, and Charlemagne...
and Charlemagne
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800...
that is until the death of this last one in 814, the monks of Very Lièpvre did not have to be afraid. No Lord would have allowed to question rights and possessions of the priory. However, from 843 the emperor Lothario Ier gives up to certain Erchanguer count of Nordgau or Low Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
Quuningishaim (Kintzheim's former) fiscal walking which had been given in 774 to Fulrad by Charlemagne. It hoped also to monopolize of the forest which depended on it and which was a part good of Lièpvre's priory.
During the interview among the three brothers, Lothario, Lewis and Karl to tighten the links of their alliances, the abbot Lewis, the son of the count Roricon and Charlemagne's Rotrude girl who obtained the abbey of Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Saint-Denis is a sous-préfecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis département, being the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Denis....
in 841, took advantage of it to try to remove the possessions of the priories of Lièpvre and Saint Hippolyte to grant them in fief, or as one said then in precarious profit, to a Lord of Conrad Ier's name, count of Argovie, brother of the empress Judith and Emma, wife of Lewis II of Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
and member of the influential family of Welfs which had married Gisèle, girl of the emperor Louis le Débonnaire. The monks of Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Saint-Denis is a sous-préfecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis département, being the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Denis....
, more conscious than their abbot opposed wildly to this seizure and carried affair in front of the assembly of the bishops reunited at the request of the king of France to Verberie, near Compiègne
Compiègne
Compiègne is a city in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.The city is located along the Oise River...
in 853, by producing them Fulrad
Fulrad
Saint Fulrad was abbot of St. Denis' Abbey . He was born at Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin in Alsace. He served as a counselor to three Frankish rulers: Pepin, Carloman, and Charlemagne...
's original will and the bull of the pope Stephan II which granted all the convents which this abbot could base in the vast e of his realm. The council of Verberie consisted of four archbishops and seventeen bishops cut in favor of the monks and pronounced that Lièpvre's priers could be never alienated or dismembered whatever excuse it is of the abbey of Saint-Denis. The letter synodal dated August 27 853 is sent personally to Conrad to warn it of consequences which it would have to undergo in case of passage in force.
The abbot Lewis of Saint-Denis had, not long after the misfortune of hang between the hands of the Normans. I obtained the freedom only after a strong ransom paid with several churches and the abbey of Saint-Denis she even and all the priers of France it of Germany who depended on it. Lièpvre's priory participated in its way of paying a strong sum of money for Lewis's liberation abbot of Saint-Denis. After the liberation, the abbot Lewis in sign of reward asked that after the death all the incomes of the abbeys of Saint-Denis were used for their food and the conversation of their church and to come to the need of the poor men of their district. Charles le Chauve, king of France, whose Lewis was similar and arch-chancellor, approved this disposal in a diploma dated Compiègne
Compiègne
Compiègne is a city in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.The city is located along the Oise River...
of the year 856.
Disputed priory
Dom Doublet and Dom Michel Félibien opened the way to studies of documents held in the abbey of Saint-Denis, some of which concern particularly Lièpvre and Fulrad. One of the first authors to consider the authenticity of diplomatic and papal acts and papal concerning Saint-Denis, and incidentally Lièpvre, was the BollandistBollandist
The Bollandists are an association of scholars, philologists, and historians who since the early seventeenth century have studied hagiography and the cult of the saints in Christianity. Their most important publication has been the Acta Sanctorum...
Henschenius. He published in February 1658 a eulogy on Fulrad.
In 1672, Father Modeste of Saint Amable, in his turn, published in his second volume a note on Fulrad. Later Jean Mabillon
Jean Mabillon
Jean Mabillon was a French Benedictine monk and scholar, considered the founder of palaeography and diplomatics.-Early career:...
praised Fulrad, in a chapter of a book from 1686. After Mabillon, Dom Félibien was able to give in his History of Saint-Denis Fulrad's life more completely. The abbé Rapp, the former vicar general of Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
, in 1878 published a work on Fulrad. Finally another work on Fulrad's life was published in 1902 by Father Marc Dubruel, still authoritative. Some chapters on Fulrad's life were also resumed in the Review of Alsace in 1901 and 1902. Most of the acts concerning the former priory of Lièpvre are situated today in the national archives in Paris and in. Another part of archives can be consulted in the National Library in capital of Lorraine. The other isolated documents concerning Saint-Denis and Lièpvre are stored in her to Karlsruhre and also to the concerning more particularly connections with Ribeaupierre.
Pope Stephen II
Pope Stephen II was Pope from 752 to 757, succeeding Pope Zachary following the death of Pope-elect Stephen. Stephen II marks the historical delineation between the Byzantine Papacy and the Frankish Papacy.-Allegiance to Constantinople:...
in 757; two of Hadrian
Hadrian
Hadrian , was Roman Emperor from 117 to 138. He is best known for building Hadrian's Wall, which marked the northern limit of Roman Britain. In Rome, he re-built the Pantheon and constructed the Temple of Venus and Roma. In addition to being emperor, Hadrian was a humanist and was philhellene in...
in 774 and 781. The authenticity of all these acts is not questioned. One finds also thirteen authentic diplomas of the time of Pippin the Short, four under Carloman
Carloman
Carloman is the name of several members of the Frankish ruling family. It is also one translation of the Bulgarian name "Kaliman":* Carloman, father of Pepin I Carloman is the name of several members of the Frankish ruling family. It is also one translation of the Bulgarian name "Kaliman":*...
, and twenty under Charlemagne
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800...
. Count acts exist in originals in the national archives. Late Jules Tardif published them in his Ancient memorials by analyzing them and by inventorying them. Some of these details mention Lièpvre's priory.
In Worms's treaty concluded towards 876 among the 3 brothers, Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald , Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia , was the youngest son of the Emperor Louis the Pious by his second wife Judith.-Struggle against his brothers:He was born on 13 June 823 in Frankfurt, when his elder...
, Louis the German
Louis the German
Louis the German , also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian, was a grandson of Charlemagne and the third son of the succeeding Frankish Emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye.He received the appellation 'Germanicus' shortly after his death in recognition of the fact...
and Lothair I
Lothair I
Lothair I or Lothar I was the Emperor of the Romans , co-ruling with his father until 840, and the King of Bavaria , Italy and Middle Francia...
, it was decided that the possessions of Lièpvre's priory had to remain between the hands of the abbey of Saint-Denis. Louis the Bald sent the diploma to the pope Léon IV to seal this alliance and to obtain his approval. On June 5, 903, Robert, grandfather of Hugh Capet, obtains from Charles the Simple
Charles the Simple
Charles III , called the Simple or the Straightforward , was the undisputed King of France from 898 until 922 and the King of Lotharingia from 911 until 919/23...
, from letters to assure the monks of Lièpvre against all the attempts of appropriation of the abbots of Saint-Denis.
In 903, the possessions of Lièpvre's abbey, cross dominated by Louis IV
Louis the Child
Louis the Child , sometimes called Louis IV or Louis III, was the last Carolingian ruler of East Francia....
king of Germania. With Charles's fall of Simple dethroned with the vaussaux in 922, Henry I the Fowler, king of Germania imposes his control on all Lotharingia
Lotharingia
Lotharingia was a region in northwest Europe, comprising the Low Countries, the western Rhineland, the lands today on the border between France and Germany, and what is now western Switzerland. It was born of the tripartite division in 855, of the kingdom of Middle Francia, itself formed of the...
( 923-923 ) and emperors Otto
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto I the Great , son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of Germany, King of Italy, and "the first of the Germans to be called the emperor of Italy" according to Arnulf of Milan...
.
The 15 October 980 Lièpvre which was crossed dominated by Louis IV
Louis the Child
Louis the Child , sometimes called Louis IV or Louis III, was the last Carolingian ruler of East Francia....
, by Henry I the Fowler and by that of Otton, returns in abbey of Saint-Denis. Otto II, king of Germania and emperor of West lets know to the abbot Robert that Lièpvre's pripry is a part of the abbey of Saint-Denis. It leaves him also the care of naming the admitted of this convent. These formulations are resumed on January 26, 1056 at the request of Agnès his wife and of Henri IV his son in a diploma sent since Strasbourg. All these details confirm that Lièpvre's convent, as well as quite complete valley were a part then of Alsace. But they passed soon towards the Duchy of Lorraine when dukes obtained the advocatie of Lièpvre's convent.. The pope Nicholas II reminds he as well as Lièpvre's convent been a part of possessions of Saint-Denis in a bull of April 18, 1061. The English pope ( 1154–1159 ) goes to the same by reminding that the possessions of the Alsatian priory have to stay in the patrimony of Saint-Denis. This bull is signed on December 18, 1156. The pope in a bull dated let know October 11, 1259 that the abbey of Saint-Denis enjoys all the temporal jurisdiction in Lièpvre's village.
In 1342, 1348 and 1354 Lièpvre is confirmed in the rights of the abbey of Saint-Denis. The pope who rose on the papal throne in 1342 will confirm all the privileges granted to Lièpvre's priory. The emperor Charles IV
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the second king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and the first king of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor....
who reigned at the time gave on April 27, 1348 orders to put the abbey of Saint-Denis shielded from the appropriations which desired several Lords, as ecclesiastical as laic. The same prince of passage to Sélestat
Sélestat
Sélestat is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.In 2006, Sélestat had a total population of 19,459. The Communauté de communes de Sélestat et environs had a total population of 35,397.-Geography:...
on May 12, 1354 will renew all the privileges to the prior of Lièpvre granted by all the kings, his predecessors and those that had tuned the emperor Charlemagne, Charles the Bald and Henri III. The pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV was Pope from 1254 until his death.Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, in Jenne , he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX...
also grants his support for the monks of Lièpvre in 1388. In 1396, Charles II
Charles II, Duke of Lorraine
Charles II , called the Bold was the duke of Lorraine from 1390 to his death and constable of France from 1418 to 1425....
, duke of Lorraine declares itself defender of Lièpvre's convent.
Following frequent changes of sovereign power of the history of Alsace, the monks of Lièpvre were often despoiled of a part of their possessions because not being able to defend itself by themselves. That is why they are going to appeal to defenders more generally called dedicated. They were at first the noble persons of Echéry who play an important role by guaranteeing the territorial integrity of the possessions of the monks of Lièpvre. This noble family had grown rich due to the exploitation of mines). She appears only from 1232. But a tragic event interrupted their prosperity in 1284: the richest in them was " treacherously " put to death by his own cousins, and Landvogt of Alsace deprived them the castle. The successors of Echery were then dukes of Lorraine. In 1377 Hattstatt is charged by the prior of Lièpvre of defender the valley. Things were can be not as simple as it appears to it, because the monks of Saint-Denis ask the king of France, Charles VI
Charles VI of France
Charles VI , called the Beloved and the Mad , was the King of France from 1380 to 1422, as a member of the House of Valois. His bouts with madness, which seem to have begun in 1392, led to quarrels among the French royal family, which were exploited by the neighbouring powers of England and Burgundy...
to intervene with duke of Lorraine so that this one restores the possessions, the justice, jurisdiction and seigniory of the Valley of Lièpvre with several other righteousness and memberships which had been given by the kings of France in Saint-Denis. At the beginning of 15th century the abbey of Saint-Denis had completely lost Valley of Lièpvre and in spite of the interventions of Charles VI, she was never able to get back the lost possessions.
Hattstats has to swear allegiance and defend rights and privileges of the priory, then in 1384, it receives half of the provost ship of the Valley of Lièpvre. It had sworn on the relics of the saints to protect the priory and to maintain there the interests of the monks. Hattstatt guarded Valley of Lièpvre until their extinction in 1585.
In archives one finds notably certain Burchard of Kintzheim's Rathsamhausen and Henri de Rathsamhausen, knight chastelain of Kaysersberg loaded to protect the possessions of the convent. There were several branches of the family of Rathsamhausen which are all interred in the vault station wagon of the church Midsummer Day to Sélestat.
In the documents of the 15th and the 18th century the possessions of Lièpvre appear under the naming of " ground of Saint-Denis " which one finds for properties crossed on the subject of Saint Georges in Nancy from 1502.
Dukes of Lorraine
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800...
's administration, prescribed to duke of Lorraine, admitted by Saint-Denis, for all the domains belonging to convents based by Fulrad
Fulrad
Saint Fulrad was abbot of St. Denis' Abbey . He was born at Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin in Alsace. He served as a counselor to three Frankish rulers: Pepin, Carloman, and Charlemagne...
in Alsace, to protect them against quite invasion and unlawful intrusion from territory. Duke of Lorraine had to intervene militarily in every case of appropriation which could threaten the interests of the monks. It is doubtless following this diploma that dukes of Lorraine took excuse to interfere more and more in the business of the Valley of Lièpvre to the detriment of Lièpvre's priory. In the beginning this intervention makes in a courteous way and without brutality. Dukes of Lorraine doubtless had knowledge of the rich mines of lead and iron, brass money in the Valley of Lièpvre from the year 963 run by the monks of Echéry. By the time of Gerard, bishop of Toul, there is question already of the tithe on the mines of the Valley of Lièpvre. Gerard d' Alsace duke of Lorraine from 1049 till 1070 who was invests in 1048 by the emperor Henri III, seized in 1052 tithes and markets, as well as all the rights of the Valley of Lièpvre of which Saint Blaise
Saint Blaise
Saint Blaise was a physician, and bishop of Sebastea . According to his Acta Sanctorum, he was martyred by being beaten, attacked with iron carding combs, and beheaded...
, near Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines. In this operation it is he seems supported by Brunon, former bishop of elected Toul pope under the name of Leo IX, which in Lorraine had obtained the liberation. The nobility of Lorraine which had not adopted him will try to create him troubles. The emperor Henry III
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry III , called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors...
supported him and supplies her troops which allowed him to overcome his opponents. The Abbey of Saint-Denis in the tour entered conflict with duke of Lorraine who showed himself determined to defend Lièpvre's priory. It is after 1065 that was doubtless consisted Charlemagne's false diploma which confirmed the set of the possessions of Saint-Denis situated in the Empire, but it was in vain. In 1078, the son and the successor of Gerard, duke Thierry made the possessions usurped to Yves abbot of Saint-Denis and Lièpvre's Manassès prior. This charter sent by Saint-Dié is countersigned by Pibon, bishop of Toul, Thierry, bishop of Verdun, Rembald, provost of Saint-Dié and three counts and several Lords.
Verdun
Verdun is a city in the Meuse department in Lorraine in north-eastern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.Verdun is the biggest city in Meuse, although the capital of the department is the slightly smaller city of Bar-le-Duc.- History :...
. The pope reunites him in the collegiate church of Nancy. The monks of Saint-Denis complain with the king of France Charles VI
Charles VI of France
Charles VI , called the Beloved and the Mad , was the King of France from 1380 to 1422, as a member of the House of Valois. His bouts with madness, which seem to have begun in 1392, led to quarrels among the French royal family, which were exploited by the neighbouring powers of England and Burgundy...
, which wants to restore the possessions in 1404. In 1405 Saint-Denis tempts a new approach directly by addressing duke of Lorraine, but in vain. The monks of Saint-Denis and Philippe de Villette, his abbot, demanded the authority of Charles VI
Charles VI of France
Charles VI , called the Beloved and the Mad , was the King of France from 1380 to 1422, as a member of the House of Valois. His bouts with madness, which seem to have begun in 1392, led to quarrels among the French royal family, which were exploited by the neighbouring powers of England and Burgundy...
king of France, to be them restored. The king by writing several times to duke during two years never had answer. The king ordered then his Vitry's bailli to send one or two of his officers with the representatives of the abbey to obtain the answer of duke. The letter is dated October 24, 1404 since Paris. Both went in Nancy, in the fixed day, but always not having found there duke, they returned to it next March 13. But duke Charles remained firm and gave in no way to the king of France. The primatial of Nancy enters ownership of the incomes of Lièpvre's priory and that of Saint-Hippolyte which depended on it. At the beginning of 16th century it is Dommartin's Warin, a bishop of Verdun
Verdun
Verdun is a city in the Meuse department in Lorraine in north-eastern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.Verdun is the biggest city in Meuse, although the capital of the department is the slightly smaller city of Bar-le-Duc.- History :...
, who possessed him there commend. The prelate having put handed him between the hands of the pope, Alexander VI reunites him in the request of duke of Lorraine, René II, duke of Lorraine
René II, Duke of Lorraine
René II was Count of Vaudémont from 1470, Duke of Lorraine from 1473, and Duke of Bar from 1483 to 1508. He claimed the crown of the Kingdom of Naples and the County of Provence as the Duke of Calabria 1480–1493 and as King of Naples and Jerusalem 1493–1508...
, in the Saint George collegiate church of Nancy on April 16, 1502... The church primatial of this city, based in 1602 entered ownership of Lièpvre's incomes and that of Saint-Hippolyte
Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin
Saint-Hippolyte is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It is often said to be the birthplace of the 8th century saint and abbot, Fulrad, who built a monastery there...
, 1742 and reunited in that of Saint George, to form only a one and only dependence. The pope Pius VI by a bull dated November 19, 1777, confirmed with Louis XVI's letters of patent of January, set up the primatial of Our Lady of Nancy as a bishop's palace suffragist of Trier and as a chapter cathedral. It is as such that this priory enjoys a part of the tithes of Lièpvre, Saint Hippolyte, Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-Geography:Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines nestles in the massif of the Vosges Mountains, where it occupies the beautiful V-shaped valley of the Lièpvrette...
Lorraine and Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines as well as the right of patronage of the cures of the four municipalities of the Valley of Lièpvre.
Decline of the priory
The church of the convent would date the time of Charlemagne: she was big and spacious. According to the columnist of Senones, the monk Richer (who lived in the 13th century), the emperor had made cover the marble ground of various colours. This marble tiled floor was removed in 1577 by Christophe de Bassompierre, great Master of the finances of Lorraine, which transferred the whole in its Haroué's castle. Today, there is any more no vestige. Lièpvre's priory possessed for a long time relics which attracted the believers.One indicates in 1229 that Lièpvre's priory is compromised in the point to succumb under the weight of its debts. The abbot of Saint-Denis, Odon, lends him 530 pounds parisis to take on the income that the abbot pulls every year of it.
By 1271 a settlement of account appears that Lièpvre's priory has already paid off a good part of its loan and does not owe any more in Saint-Denis than 100 payable pounds in five years.
The prior of Lièpvre makes a loan of 80 pounds by 1365 to repair the church of the church ravaged by the English commanded by Cervolle's Arnaud says Archiprêtre.
In the XIV-th century the prior of Franconville's Lièpvre, Eudes, executed a stained glass for the monarchal church. This work does not exist any more, but we know, due to two rudimentary plans, dated 1596, that in the lower register, Charlemagne, occupying the central panel, was represented by Fulrad (left panel) and of Roland and Olivier (right panel). A list raised on May 16, 1509 enumerates, before the confusions of the reform and the devastation of the Boorish, the inventory of the possessions situated in the priory. The same year the priory was visited with Toul's suffrages, two canons of Saint Georges and some clerics, among others Vautrin Lud, canon of Saint-Dié. They found there a reliquary with Holy Alexander's bones, an arm of money containing a bone of the arm of this saint: eight other wooden reliquaries bronzed, gold-colored copper and ivory containing relics not determined In 1602 one indicates that a quite broken reliquary which would contain Holy Alexander's relics. An inventory made in 1746 enumerates missals, chalice, pinafore dresses and the other ornaments, but does not speak any more about relics.
According to a plan established in 1549 by Bichler Michel, judge mines, representing for the house of Austria and superintendent of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines's part of Lorraine, the only sanctuary remained still (the conventional buildings had already disappeared); it was a basilica for three naves with transept and three apses and a square bell tower. She existed still in the 17th century. Mr Bichler made statements and sketch of the church of Lièpvre's priory. It supplies descriptions of the church such as she existed in this time. The ledge of the outside wall of the choir of the former convent was decorated with heads of oxen, rams, muzzles and lions.
On August 2, 1652, the mayor of Lièpvre and some inhabitants become alarmed at the decay of Lièpvre's priory with the lease-holder and ask that it begins repairs. The roof of the church is in very bad state as well as the tours of the chapel. The collateral two are completely burned following the war of thirty years. They ask the lease-holder to advance the necessary money to make repairs. They also demand ropes to ring the bells of the church of the priory and to make charities as formerly.
In 1666, the nave was damaged, only the choir remained still. In the former panes of Lièpvre's church one perceived the image of the abbot Fulrad with these words: do mea cuncta Deo hic, and on the other side Charlemagne's portrait with this registration: trusting haec jubeo. Dom Alliot of Moyenmoutier Abbey who visited in 1704 Lièpvre Priory reporteded in a letter sent to Dom Mabillon that the church remained still complete:
- " there is staux, and in the heart of the presbytery a glazing in several panels on one of which one sees Charlemagne on a throne with a scepter in his hand ".
He adds that the base holds an abbot, Fulrad, who holds in his hand a scroll with this legend:
- Do omnia bona mea Deo.
With the wars of 17th century, the priory undergoes the other damages. In 1704 the father Benoît Picart assures that he does not stay any more up than a part of the church.
The priory is once again burned a bit further, doubtless accidentally, and on June 18, 1738, Saint Georges's chapter crossed a treaty to restore her such as she was before, for the price for fifty Louis or. In spite of repairs, the church priory remained still well ruined and shaky.
A new visit of the priory is organized on August 3, 1717 by the canons of the badge Saint Georges's church of Nancy together with the priest of Lièpvre, François Louis Ferry.
It spring of this visit that the pavement of the nave is in very bad state and that there are any more no pavements in the collateral. The panes of the choir of the church are also ruined. The roof of the church turns out also in bad state, and to seal breaches, one put " swains ". In spite of these precautions, it is always raining of all the sides. They agree unanimously to make repairs. They notice also that the wall of the entrance of the church, towards the village, is cracked and that it threatens to overthrow all the time. During the visit, the priest of Lièpvre announces also that he exists in a very former small wooden safe, the rests of the relics of Holy Alexander.
One possesses some details on buildings and on church of Lièpvre's convent due to the abbot Ingold who found in the archives of Karlsruhe an ancient plan with some precision. This plan was a cavalier sight of the church: it was a building with transept with apse flanked with two abseils; the choir, very short, which preceded the apse, was heightened with five walking. Seven square pillars of every edge separated the nave of bottom - quoted, of which each was enlightened with five windows. Everything this gives the idea of a rather spacious vessel which could have 35 or 40 meters in length. Near the transept, near the side gospel, was the unique bell tower.
According to the abbot Grandidier (It is in 1775 and 1776 that the abbot Grandidier took charge of Lièpvre's priory) but also of the father Louis Laguille this church would be that what is more built Fulrad in the 8th century. But it seems maybe too beautiful. Of any time one is allowed go gladly to age monuments, and same error was especially easy to the 18th century, when the archaeology of the Middle Age did not still exist. This church and all the priory had to suffer from the passage of Armagnacs and uprising of the Boorish.
Disappearance of the priory
The ruins of Lièpvre's convent were demolished in 1751, and the material used for the construction of the Rombach-le-Franc's parochial church and Lièpvre's church.The former choir of the convent became a chapel under Saint Georges's invocation until the Revolution of 1789. To Lièpvre the auction of the biends of the Chapter Saint Georges took place only on June 17, 1791. The inhabitants bought the plough able ground over Chalmont. The municipality saved itself copses and meadows in the middle of the hillside and the State seized the forest which is even today a national forest. The chapel was sold as property national and transformed into particular house. Soon industrial buildings replaced the former priory, so that there is any more nothing of Fulrad's work. Even the recollection of the illustrious monk disappeared among the population. There is any more no cult in honor of the Holy. The own of the diocese of Strasbourg does not mention it. During the Revolution, in 1790, the valley of Lièpvre was incorporated into the department of the Height - Rhine and did not depend any more on the Lorraine.
Before 1790, time when one abolished convents in all France, this chapel was sold as property national and transformed into particular house; one still saw there stained glasses carrying the portraits of Fulrad and Charlemagne. One saw there also a grave on which was represented a profile of feminine bust, the head of which was decorated with a long plait. One believed in the region that this grave contained the rests of a girl of Charlemagne, but this opinion did not rest on any foundation, any coming registration to support this opinion widely spread in the population. On the other hand, what is proved, it is that the choir of the church of Lièpvre's convent contained the ashes of the Lords of Echéry who had their castle in the heart of the valley of Petit Rombach, on the municipality of Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines, and who were the sub-dedicated or authorized agents of duke of Lorraine and consequently defender of the monks of Lièpvre. It is doubtless in this quality that they received the honor to be buried in Lièpvre's convent. Fact is widely proved because one found on a grave stone which covered these very well preserved graves registration in Gothic style " Hie Ligent die von Echeric und ruwent in gottes frieden " (Here are buried those of Echéry, that they rest in peace). This stone was removed with the chapel in 1790 and placed as altar stone in the Lièpvre's parochial church. She was moved in 1842, when one changed the altars of this church and is at present placed in Lièpvre's cemetery.
In 1816, the ground on which was built Lièpvre's priory was acquired with Rissler, which installed there a factory of tissues, then it crossed in the family Dietsch in 1844 and in 1959 in Schmidt Kitchens situated today Avenue Clemenceau. In the last century Romanic sculptures of the former priory were still preserved in the enclosure of the factory.
Next to the church is a Romanic chapel of the end of 11th century (ossuary ?) but transformed in the 17th century with coupled windows, columns and in full port arches. Big gravestone of the Lords of Echery of 14th century.
According to the fragments found during the excavations of 19th century, one removed rubble of the fragments of albite, what proves that the convent received and was decorated with numerous marble fragments and of porphyry. One knows that this stone results from Roman time, that the Roman used and appreciated particularly. The discovery of these walls proves that a part of the buildings of the convent extended between the church and the main road in Lièpvre's exit. Skeletons found in the top indicate still that the cemetery of the monks was in the sleeping. During these searches made in 1850, was found no pavement, no cut or sculptured stone. A single silver coin, in Antoine's effigy, duke of Lorraine, was removed from clearings. However, one discovered bad lucks of any kind and numerous fragments of porphyries green and red, human bones were dug up. In several places, the earth was calcined. Of this ground one removed scoria's of iron, copper and some coal. Although that these discoveries establish by in a formal way the place of the Abbey, they prove however that buildings had a rather considerable importance
One even sees today old four borders between the various copses of the municipality. Most disappeared, but it remains there four after the brook of Vaurière, among Rombach-le-Franc and Lièpvre. They are numbered and carry the initials of Holy Georges's chapter of Nancy which succeeded Lièpvre's priory Benedictine from 1512, namely bishop's butt with two letters S.G. (Saint Georges). They are practically the last vestiges of the former donation of Charlemagne.
It is in 1512 that Saint Georges's chapter entered ownership of the priory of Lièpvre and his rights and powers. Until this date, the monks of the order of Saint sanctimonious disserve the parishes of the Valley of Lièpvre. In 1536 we find one named Blaiser, a priest - chaplain to Lièpvre, then Jean Humbert, cleaned out in the Valley of Lièpvre and living in Holy Cross. Lièpvre and Holy Cross are the most old parishes of the Valley. Firmin cleaned out to Lièpvre and another document of 1661 speaks about " Holy Sebastian's Confraternity". It is during the priesthood of the priest Morel that was established " Estat of Pensions ", censes and inheritances belonging to the consorce of the Lièpvre's parochial church. The successor of Jean Morel harmed the parish until 1719. After Jean Cucufat Henry, we find:
- François Louis Ferry ( 1719–1723 )
- Paul Joseph Pot d‘Argent ( 1723–1732 )
- Collin (1732–1734)
- Jean Deviot ( 1734–1744 )
In 1744, Jean Morel became Vice-chancellor of Lièpvre and Rombach-le-Franc's parish. It is he notably who took care to finish lawsuit concerning the distribution of the tithe, instituted on the subject of Saint Georges in Nancy. It forced by all the legal means the church primatial to rebuild Lièpvre's parochial church, and to the usurpers of the possessions of the church to be restored all that they had possessed inequitably. Due to his energy and its multiple steps, the vice-chancellor Joly of Morey obtained in 1748 a favorable judgment which terminated numerous lawsuits. The classification of tithes was concluded by judgment of duke of Lorraine.
Current church
Plunders and ravage wars of the Middle Age
Having redrawn the history of Lièpvre's convent, we have to speak about the very village. As well as we called it higher, it owes the origin to the convent based by the abbot Fulrad. The chronicles of time reveal us some elaborate details on the convent, but little on the facts which have a report with the inhabitants and the village. Before XIV-th century the proofs of the action ducal on the region are rather rare, but documents are enough however to demonstrate that dukes of Lorraine were already the true bosses of the Valley of Lièpvre. But having about difficulties steering distant province, they gave up her by allegiance or by fiefs to local Lords who were appointed to defend the interests of dukes of Lorraine and to defend the valley.Berthold of Bucheck invests the Valley of Lièpvre
Conrad de Lichtenberg
Conrad de Lichtenberg was a bishop of Strasbourg in the 13th century.Lichtenberg was born to a wealthy family and entered the clergy at the age of 13. He was elected Bishop of Strasbourg in 1273....
. Troops made frequently raids on the valley, particularly against Lièpvre. It is in conflict with the Lorraine and the Eckerick vassals of dukes of Lorraine since first half of XIII-th century. Frequent altercations already had taken place previously among them Lichtenberg
Lichtenberg
Lichtenberg is the eleventh borough of Berlin, Germany. In Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it absorbed the former borough of Hohenschönhausen.-Overview:...
and Lorraine who lasted until 1290 year during which a girl of duke of Lorraine married Conrad de Fribourg of which the mother was Lichtenberg. To celebrate this conciliation, the bishop invited many representatives of the nobility of Alsace and Lorraine in his palace in Strasbourg. After so many years of war, Lièpvre then knew 48 years of peace.
In 1331 Jean d'Echerick waged war with the duke of Lorraine against the count of Bar.
Bertrimoutier
Bertrimoutier is a commune in the Vosges department in Lorraine in northeastern France.-External links:*...
, Provenchères-sur-Fave
Provenchères-sur-Fave
Provenchères-sur-Fave is a commune in the Vosges department in Lorraine in northeastern France.Inhabitants are called Provenchérois.Provenchères-sur-Fave should not be confused with Provenchères-lès-Darney in the same department.-Geography:...
, Remomeix
Remomeix
Remomeix is a commune in the Vosges department in Lorraine in northeastern France....
, Sainte Marguerite
Sainte-Marguerite, Vosges
Sainte-Marguerite is a commune in the Vosges department in Lorraine in northeastern France.- External links :*...
. He ambushed the canons Jean of Toulon, Geoffroy of Herbeuviller and Nicolas de Porcher who commanded the troops of the chapter. He arrested and locked them into his donjon of High Echery; he demanded 750 livres tournois in ransom. In 1338, the imperial cities were at war against Berthold of Bucheck, the bishop of Strasbourg. Jean d'Echery commanded the troops of Sélestat
Sélestat
Sélestat is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.In 2006, Sélestat had a total population of 19,459. The Communauté de communes de Sélestat et environs had a total population of 35,397.-Geography:...
. By way of reprisal, the bishop joined the baron of Hohenstein
Hohenstein
Hohenstein may refer to several different places in Germany, including* Hohenstein-Ernstthal, in Saxony* Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein, a county of the Holy Roman Empire , situated between Hesse-Darmstadt and Westphalia...
, landvogt of Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
to ravage the Valley of Lièpvre and besiege Echery's castle, accompanied by the troops of Jean Senn, bishop of Basel. Lièpvre and Rombach-le-Franc were burned out, while Lièpvre's convent was partially destroyed.
The region was not completely pacified because later, the chapter of Saint-Dié complained about one Johel, a brigand with his hide=out in the Valley of Lièpvre who emerged to plunder and rob the population on the other side of the Vosges. This detail, which is in the Archives of the Meurthe and the Moselle, is undated, but possibly about the famous English captain, Jean Jouel, killed in the battle of Cocherel
Battle of Cocherel
The Battle of Cocherel it fought on May 16, 1364 between the king of France and the forces of Charles II of Navarre, over the succession to the dukedom of Burgundy....
(1364).
Mercenary plunder Lièpvre
Arnaud de Cervole
Arnaud de Cervole, also de Cervolles, de Cervolle, Arnaut de Cervole or Arnold of Cervoles , known as l'Archiprêtre , was a French mercenary soldier during the Hundred Years' War.-Early career:...
(1300–1366) says l'Archiprêtre, celebrates leader in them big companies in the XIV-th century. It is called so because he perceives incomes of him Archiprêté of Vélines
Vélines
Vélines is a commune in the Dordogne department in Aquitaine in southwestern France.-Population:-References:*...
and is in the service of Charles V
Charles V of France
Charles V , called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380 and a member of the House of Valois...
which with Bertrand Du Geslin try to chase away of France the big companies. Arnaud of Cervole told to want to save the domains of the church, it is not anything of it. The pope Innocent VI launched an appeal to the crusade against these heretics who took themselves it in the possessions of the church. It invades Valley of Lièpvre, by way of him it Col de Saverne, with his 40 000 hirelings. It is also in service for him count of Blamont who is in war with the bishop of Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
. It ravages Valley of Lièpvre and sets fire to Lièpvre, Rombach-le-Franc and Saint Croix-aux-Mines. On May 25, 1366 Arnaud de Cervole is killed near Mâcon
Mâcon
Mâcon is a small city in central France. It is prefecture of the Saône-et-Loire department, in the region of Bourgogne, and the capital of the Mâconnais district. Mâcon is home to over 35,000 residents, called Mâconnais.-Geography:...
during a quarrel with one of his people as it tried to collect the bands of hirelings scattered in Languedoc.
Armagnacs enter the valley
The Armagnacs were armed gangs formed by former mercenaries in France of the 15th century under Charles VIICharles VII of France
Charles VII , called the Victorious or the Well-Served , was King of France from 1422 to his death, though he was initially opposed by Henry VI of England, whose Regent, the Duke of Bedford, ruled much of France including the capital, Paris...
's administration. They followed on the Big Companies which were troops of adventurers who were paid by the princes in times of war and who lived on plunders and on ransoms in times of peace or of armistice. They saddened France in XV-th century under the administrations of Jean II and Charles V
Charles V of France
Charles V , called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380 and a member of the House of Valois...
. After the French-English armistice of 1444, Charles VII employs the Swindlers against the Lorraine and Alsace. This militia of 30 0000 people was consisted of French, English, and Spanish. 1000 Scot participated in this militia under the behaviour of Jean de Mongommery which had the headquarters in Châtenois
Châtenois, Bas-Rhin
Châtenois is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:*...
.
Armagnacs was under behaviour of the Dauphin of Louis XI
Louis XI of France
Louis XI , called the Prudent , was the King of France from 1461 to 1483. He was the son of Charles VII of France and Mary of Anjou, a member of the House of Valois....
and had entered Alsace in 1444, forcing cities and villages to submit itself and undergoing in the populations the worst treatments to those that opposed to it. They plundered and set on fire everything on their passage. They set on fire Saint Hyppolite
Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin
Saint-Hippolyte is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It is often said to be the birthplace of the 8th century saint and abbot, Fulrad, who built a monastery there...
, and Geispolsheim, besieges Dambach-la-Ville
Dambach-la-Ville
Dambach-la-Ville is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It lies northwest of Sélestat, on the eastern slopes of the Vosges mountains.Dambach-la-Ville is known for its quality wines.-Demography:-Wine:...
, Obernai, Rhinau and Mulhouse
Mulhouse
Mulhouse |mill]] hamlet) is a city and commune in eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders. With a population of 110,514 and 278,206 inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 2006, it is the largest city in the Haut-Rhin département, and the second largest in the Alsace region after...
, takes Eguisheim, Marckolsheim, Niedernai and Herrlisheim. They plunder Mutzig's region, as well as Pairis Abbey
Pairis Abbey
Pairis Abbey is a former Cistercian monastery in Orbey in Haut-Rhin, Alsace, northeastern France. The surviving building serves today as a nursing home.-History:The abbey was founded in 1138 by the Count of Eguisheim....
(to Orbey), Rouffach and Rosheim. To avoid that Lièpvre is completely destroyed the village submits itself to the Dauphin, as well as the nearby village Rombach-le-Franc. Lièpvre will be destroyed in 1445 with the troops which the dolphin led in Alsace after famous battle of Saint Jacques near Basel
Basel
Basel or Basle In the national languages of Switzerland the city is also known as Bâle , Basilea and Basilea is Switzerland's third most populous city with about 166,000 inhabitants. Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany...
. These troops were an irregular militia consisted of different nations, and which were known under the name of Armagnacs.
Armagnacs is undone in the valley
Villé
Villé is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:*...
, Rombach-le-Franc, Lièpvre and Saint Croix-aux-Mines. Ulrich of Rathsamhausen, the provost of Obernai and his farmers enlarged Gunther's rows to organize resistance Down from mountains, camouflaged in bushes, they see going back up endless columns of riders and wagons. They rolled enormous districts of cliffs and trunks on Armagnacs near the locality the cliff of violins near the road which goes towards Musloch, to the place said by the cliff of the violin. Armagnacs lost until 300 people. Among the deaths one finds Landgrave which was Scottish and the marshal of the palace of the dolphin which was the brother-in-law of the king and which could be Jean de Montgoméry. Resistance against Armagnacs is steered by Henri Gunther which had received " Lang's " nickname because of its big size. It is in the head of 400 brave people and hundred farmers who start again in Armagnacs the booty which they had amassed: 9 artillery, 400 horses, 9 banners of which one belonged to Switzerland (Swisses). Beautiful women are also arrested.
There are besides 80 armors, 6000 golden guilders and a big quantity of plates, several barrels of powder and the various tools. Charles VII learning the short story of the disaster of Lièpvre put himself in a terrible anger by accusing of unreliability and unreliability those that had so deftly advised him for the crossing of Vosges, and in particular the Margrave de Baden responsible for the mouths with fire which were now between the hands of the middle-class persons of Sélestat. This first-rate Margrave by the marriage with a princess of Lorraine possessed the bailliage of Saint-Dié . Is doubtless for this occasion that was lost an iron spur the knurl of which is formed with six flowers of lys and which was found in on 1815 around of Lièpvre.
The count Palatine and the bishop of Strasbourg take revenge on the inhabitants of Lièpvre
After the departure of Armagnacs, the troops of the count Palatine, of the bishop and the city of Strasbourg took revenge on the inhabitants of Lièpvre and Rombach-le-Franc in the excuse whom they had favored the entrance of Armagnacs to the valley of Lièpvrette. They plundered and ravaged the valley and mirror the fire everywhere. It is doubtless because of this devastation that it is necessary to attribute absence so to speak of quite monuments previous to the XVI th century. It is doubtless as well because of this devastation that one owes the disappearance of the rests of the bones of the abbot Fulrad which based in Lièpvre's prieuré.Duke of Lorraine Antoine returns in conflict with the Lord of Geroldseck
At about May, 1516, duke of Lorraine, Antoine, is in conflict with the Lord of Geroldseck, near SaverneSaverne
Saverne is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France. It is situated on the Rhine-Marne canal at the foot of a pass over the Vosges Mountains, and 45 km N.W...
of the house of Wangen, about mines situated in the Valley of Lièpvre. Incapable to triumph his cause with his own forces, he called up to his help François de Sickingen a first-rate adventurer. This one brought the support by engaging a band of 6000 people which seized Saint-Hippolyte by surprise. Duke Antoine bought Sickingen's neutrality and entered the Valley of Lièpvre where the troops of Geroldseck which blocked them passage were undone. It started again then Saint-Hippolyte
Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin
Saint-Hippolyte is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.It is often said to be the birthplace of the 8th century saint and abbot, Fulrad, who built a monastery there...
and cut the head to an inhabitant of this city which had favored the entrance(entry) of the enemy. The name of Geroldseck appears frequently in the history of Alsace and the archives of the Middle Age. One of the families went out in XIV th and one has him knew under the name of Géroldseck-ès-Vosges (" In Vosaso, am Wasichim ") because of the castles situated in Vosges, over Saverne. The other family pulled its name of the castle of Hohen Géroldseck, established on one of the tops of her Black Forest
Black Forest
The Black Forest is a wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. The highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres ....
, near Lahr
Lahr
Lahr is a city in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany, approximately 38 km north of Freiburg in Breisgau and 100 km south of Karlsruhe...
. This war was baptized " the war of ewes " because of the big quantity of sheeps which was deprived of it by Geroldseck's bands which remained only by the plunder and the robberies duke of Lorraine also has a various with the emperor Charles the Fifth
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
in the 1519's in 1521 for the same motive. These difficulties are settled in the privately negotiated by an arbitration judgment in 1521. The considerations of this report are contained in a big register of 440 pages which is in the local archives of Meurthe-et-Moselle.
The Lord Geroldseck's Walter by engaging a German adventurer, Sickingen's Franz, who was renowned to commit numerous robberies under excuse to defend the weak and the oppressed, with his 6000 people by going in the Valley of Lièpvre with his troops provokes rather important damages in the Chronic valley of They are engaged in any sorts of exactions to the population.
In May on 1574, they are soldiers who cross the valley by squadrons from 100 to 200 people, but do not commit damages. Durant the December 1575 Swiss hirelings take the same road. Duke of Lorraine orders his subjects to supply them foods for an accessible price so that they not vandalisent not the inhabitants, but their demand to watch them of very near and to refuse them the entrance to the walled up cities. Later by 1591, they are Italian deserters who pass in the valley without committing damages. They go to Saint Marie-aux-Mines where one tries to arrest them, but they run away by abandoning their horses, weapons and rags which are seized and are sold for the benefit of duke of Lorraine.
Places and monuments
Old fountain
Situated on the place of the same name along the street Clemenceau, raises itself a well formed with two massive pillars, assembled by a sort of crossbar carrying the date of 1550. The year was doubtless engraved not long after. On this fountain one does not find any particular stamp.Chapel / ossuary
Next to the church of Lièpvre's Assumption, in the cemetery, is a Romanic chapel of the end of XI th century but transformed in the 17th century in ossuary with coupled windows, columns and in full port bearing. This chapel was classified Ancient memorial on March 22, 1934 (ministerial Decision: MH1934 / 03 / 22).The gravestone of Eckerich
Musloch's chapel
The former borders of the Chapter Saint Georges of Nancy
The frescoes of XIII-th century under the vault of the bell tower of the Parish Church
under a layer of plaster fragments of frescoes representing the evangelists Saint Mark, Saint Matthew, Saint John and Saint Luke. A lion and also perhaps a bull can be seen. These frescoes were unfortunately seriously damaged in 1917 when the church bells were requisitioned by the Germans during World War 1. These are now the only remains. On Sunday April 2, 2006, the bells of the church Our Lady of the Assumption were rung at to announce the high mass for the reinauguration of the church entrance, the former Romanesque choir of the building. This had been restored after twenty years of work to restore the remains of the Romanesque church: the vault of the choir, diaphragm and frescoes. Originally, the choir and the altar faced east according to tradition, but following successive enlargements they were moved to face opposite. It was to relive the past of 250 years that it was decided to restore temporarily but solemnly the old position to reenact the event 250 years ago in what is the present entrance of the church. The Father Bernard Schutz, cure of Lièpvre and Rombach-le-Franc, Father Marcel Ehrhardt cure of Lièpvre for 14 years and the canon Aloyse Kieffer and Joseph Burel celebrated the office. This festival was unique, and the last time mass had been celebrated in such a way was about 260 years ago.
Fountain of Saint Alexander
Saint Alexander
Saint Alexander may refer to:*Pope Alexander I , saint and pope*See Epipodius and Alexander for Saint Alexander, martyred in Lyon, 178 AD*Alexander of Bergamo , patron saint of Bergamo; may have been a Roman soldier...
pope and martyr that the abbot Fulrad had brought from Rome in 763 as donation of the Pope Paul I
Pope Paul I
Pope Paul I was pope from May 29, 757 to June 28, 767. He first served as a Roman deacon and was frequently employed by his brother, Pope Stephen II, in negotiations with the Lombard kings....
(757 - 767) brother of the Pope Stephen II
Pope Stephen II
Pope Stephen II was Pope from 752 to 757, succeeding Pope Zachary following the death of Pope-elect Stephen. Stephen II marks the historical delineation between the Byzantine Papacy and the Frankish Papacy.-Allegiance to Constantinople:...
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