Liüntika
Encyclopedia
Liüntika or Levente was a Hungarian tribal chieftain, the eldest son of Grand Prince Árpád
. As a military leader he participated in the Hungarian Conquest (Honfoglalás, "Landtaking).
and Khazars
the Crown Prince reigned over the joined people. This is in line with the sources, where Liüntika appeared as leader of the Kabars. The Kabars was the last ethnic group who joined to the Hungarian people. According to Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII the Purple-born
– following the narrative of horka
Bulcsú – a leader (archon) ruled the three tribes of the Kabars, even at the time of the Emperor. Constantine viewed that Lüntika was this leader during the Conquest.
, while his father, Árpád started an offensive with the main army in alliance with the Great Moravian Empire against Pannonia
and the Bulgarian border in the Great Hungarian Plain
.
After the Conquest probably he became leader of Moravia
, because there was a moravian castle near to the firth of Thaya
, Břeclav
(Lundenburg) appeared as Laventenburch in a source dated 1054.
His uncertain identity was increased by Constantine VII who mentioned him as son of Árpád during the Bulgarian campaigns, but later, when he lists Árpád's descendants, Liüntika is not listed in the children of the grand prince. It has also tried to explain that Liüntika/Levente lost his life during the campaign and had no descendants. This seems to contradict the aforementioned place name of Laventenburch. In other opinions his identity is same with one of other four sons, he was identified mostly with the second eldest son, Tarhacsi/Tarkacsu/Tarkatzus/Tarhos. Péter Földes has a speical theory for the contradiction: the "árpád" word meant a function, which first used by Grand Prince Álmos
, father of Árpád. He gave this name to his first-born child, the prospective heir. According to Földes the two interpretations could then be mixed, Liüntika was son of „Árpád Álmos”, so he could be the younger brother of Grand Prince Árpád, not his son.
Árpád
Árpád was the second Grand Prince of the Hungarians . Under his rule the Hungarian people settled in the Carpathian basin. The dynasty descending from him ruled the Hungarian tribes and later the Kingdom of Hungary until 1301...
. As a military leader he participated in the Hungarian Conquest (Honfoglalás, "Landtaking).
Positions
According to the state structure of GoktürksGöktürks
The Göktürks or Kök Türks, were a nomadic confederation of peoples in medieval Inner Asia. Known in Chinese sources as 突厥 , the Göktürks under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan The Göktürks or Kök Türks, (Old Turkic: Türük or Kök Türük or Türük; Celestial Turks) were a nomadic confederation of...
and Khazars
Khazars
The Khazars were semi-nomadic Turkic people who established one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day European Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the northern Caucasus , parts of...
the Crown Prince reigned over the joined people. This is in line with the sources, where Liüntika appeared as leader of the Kabars. The Kabars was the last ethnic group who joined to the Hungarian people. According to Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII the Purple-born
Constantine VII
Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, "the Purple-born" was the fourth Emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, reigning from 913 to 959...
– following the narrative of horka
Horka (title)
Horka or harka was a title used by the Magyar tribes in the 9th and 10th centuries. According to Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenetos in De administrando imperio, the horka had judicial authority. However, in other sources the term horka was applied to a military leader...
Bulcsú – a leader (archon) ruled the three tribes of the Kabars, even at the time of the Emperor. Constantine viewed that Lüntika was this leader during the Conquest.
Life
Liüntika, with the Kabar people, fought against the First Bulgarian EmpireFirst Bulgarian Empire
The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in the north-eastern Balkans in c. 680 by the Bulgars, uniting with seven South Slavic tribes...
, while his father, Árpád started an offensive with the main army in alliance with the Great Moravian Empire against Pannonia
Pannonia
Pannonia was an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
and the Bulgarian border in the Great Hungarian Plain
Great Hungarian Plain
The Great Hungarian Plain is a plain occupying the southern and eastern part of Hungary, some parts of the Eastern Slovak Lowland, southwestern Ukraine, the Transcarpathian Lowland , western Romania , northern Serbia , and eastern Croatia...
.
After the Conquest probably he became leader of Moravia
Moravia
Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...
, because there was a moravian castle near to the firth of Thaya
Thaya
The Thaya is a river in Central Europe, tributary to the Morava River. It is about 235 km long and meanders from west to east in the border area between Lower Austria and South Moravia , but does not exactly follow the border in most parts...
, Břeclav
Breclav
Břeclav is a town in the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic, approximately 55 km southeast of Brno. It is located at the border with Lower Austria on the Dyje River. The nearest large town on Austrian territory is Hohenau an der March...
(Lundenburg) appeared as Laventenburch in a source dated 1054.
His uncertain identity was increased by Constantine VII who mentioned him as son of Árpád during the Bulgarian campaigns, but later, when he lists Árpád's descendants, Liüntika is not listed in the children of the grand prince. It has also tried to explain that Liüntika/Levente lost his life during the campaign and had no descendants. This seems to contradict the aforementioned place name of Laventenburch. In other opinions his identity is same with one of other four sons, he was identified mostly with the second eldest son, Tarhacsi/Tarkacsu/Tarkatzus/Tarhos. Péter Földes has a speical theory for the contradiction: the "árpád" word meant a function, which first used by Grand Prince Álmos
High Prince Álmos
Álmos , the first Grand Prince of the Magyars . The Gesta Hungarorum records that his father was Ügyek, while the Chronicon Pictum mentions his father as Előd ; his mother was Emese.-Birth:The medieval chronicle recounts the story of his...
, father of Árpád. He gave this name to his first-born child, the prospective heir. According to Földes the two interpretations could then be mixed, Liüntika was son of „Árpád Álmos”, so he could be the younger brother of Grand Prince Árpád, not his son.