Louis Léopold Ollier
Encyclopedia
Louis Léopold Ollier, full name Louis Xavier Édouard Léopold Ollier (2 December 1830 - 26 November 1900) was a French surgeon
born in Les Vans
, department of Ardèche
. His father and grandfather were also physicians.
Initially he studied natural sciences at Montpellier
, and in 1851 began work as medical interne at Lyon
Hospital. In 1857 he earned his medical doctorate in Paris
, and in 1860 became chief-surgeon at the Hôtel-Dieu
in Lyon
. In 1877 he became a professor of clinical surgery.
Ollier is famous for his work in bone and joint surgery. He became internationally known for developing techniques involving bone-resection
, and is remembered for his extensive research of regeneration of bone by the periosteum
following resection. He was a pioneer in the field of bone grafting
, and also devised a surgical operation known as astragalectomy
.
In 1872 he developed a split-thickness skin graft
that was later improved by Karl Thiersch
(Ollier-Thiersch graft). His name is associated with Ollier's disease
, a bone disorder that is also known as multiple enchondromatosis
. In addition, the cambium layer (inner layer of the periosteum
) is sometimes referred to as "Ollier's layer". This is the layer of tissue where osteoblasts reside.
On 24 June 1894 Ollier was awarded commander of the Légion d'Honneur
by French president Marie-François-Sadi Carnot. Ironically, the same evening Carnot was stabbed by an assassin, and Ollier was summoned to tend to the dying president's wounds. Today, the museum of pathological anatomy at the University of Lyon
is named in Ollier's honor.
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
born in Les Vans
Les Vans
Les Vans commune in the Ardèche department in the Rhône-Alpes region of southern France.-Geography:The village of Les Vans, the principal settlement of the canton of the same name in the south of the Ardèche, lies at the centre of a basin near the Chassezac river.Dominant to the south is the Serre...
, department of Ardèche
Ardèche
Ardèche is a department in south-central France named after the Ardèche River.- History :The area has been inhabited by humans at least since the Upper Paleolithic, as attested by the famous cave paintings at Chauvet Pont d'Arc. The plateau of the Ardeche River has extensive standing stones ,...
. His father and grandfather were also physicians.
Initially he studied natural sciences at Montpellier
Montpellier
-Neighbourhoods:Since 2001, Montpellier has been divided into seven official neighbourhoods, themselves divided into sub-neighbourhoods. Each of them possesses a neighbourhood council....
, and in 1851 began work as medical interne at Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
Hospital. In 1857 he earned his medical doctorate in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, and in 1860 became chief-surgeon at the Hôtel-Dieu
Hôtel-Dieu
Hôtel-Dieu is the old name given to the principal hospital in French towns, for instance:*The Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon, created in 1478...
in Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
. In 1877 he became a professor of clinical surgery.
Ollier is famous for his work in bone and joint surgery. He became internationally known for developing techniques involving bone-resection
Segmental resection
Segmental resection is a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland. It may also be used to remove a tumor and normal tissue around it. In lung cancer surgery, segmental resection refers to removing a section of a lobe of the lung.- External links :* entry in the public domain NCI...
, and is remembered for his extensive research of regeneration of bone by the periosteum
Periosteum
Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones....
following resection. He was a pioneer in the field of bone grafting
Bone grafting
Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly....
, and also devised a surgical operation known as astragalectomy
Astragalectomy
Astragalectomy, sometimes called a talectomy is a surgical operation for removal of the talus bone for stabilization of the ankle....
.
In 1872 he developed a split-thickness skin graft
Skin grafting
Skin grafting is a type of graft surgery involving the transplantation of skin. The transplanted tissue is called a skin graft.Skin grafting is often used to treat:*Extensive wounding or trauma*Burns...
that was later improved by Karl Thiersch
Karl Thiersch
Karl Thiersch, also spelled Carl Thiersch , was a German surgeon born in Munich. His father was educationist Friedrich Thiersch, his father-in-law was renowned chemist Justus von Liebig...
(Ollier-Thiersch graft). His name is associated with Ollier's disease
Ollier
Ollier disease is a rare nonhereditary sporadic disorder where intraosseous benign cartilaginous tumors develop close to growth plate cartilage. Prevalence is estimated at around 1 in 100,000.-Presentation:...
, a bone disorder that is also known as multiple enchondromatosis
Enchondroma
An Enchondroma is a cartilage cyst found in the bone marrow. Typically, enchondroma is discovered on a X-ray scan. Enchondromas have a characteristic appearance on Magnetic Resonance Imaging as well. They have also been reported to cause increased uptake on PET...
. In addition, the cambium layer (inner layer of the periosteum
Periosteum
Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones....
) is sometimes referred to as "Ollier's layer". This is the layer of tissue where osteoblasts reside.
On 24 June 1894 Ollier was awarded commander of the Légion d'Honneur
Légion d'honneur
The Legion of Honour, or in full the National Order of the Legion of Honour is a French order established by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Consulat which succeeded to the First Republic, on 19 May 1802...
by French president Marie-François-Sadi Carnot. Ironically, the same evening Carnot was stabbed by an assassin, and Ollier was summoned to tend to the dying president's wounds. Today, the museum of pathological anatomy at the University of Lyon
University of Lyon
The University of Lyon , located in Lyon and Saint Etienne, France, is a center for higher education and research comprising 16 institutions of higher education...
is named in Ollier's honor.