Luís de Almeida Braga
Encyclopedia
Luís Carlos de Lima de Almeida Braga (20 October 1890 - 27 February 1970) was a Portuguese
writer and politician who has one of the leading figures within the Integralismo Lusitano
movement.
, Almeida Braga first came to politics whilst a student at the University of Coimbra where he was active in the cause of monarchism
. Forced into exile in 1911 following a crackdown on such activity, he feld to Belgium
where he continued his studies at Ghent University
and the Université Libre de Bruxelles
. The journal that he founded, Alma Portuguesa, was an early basis for integralist development and he produced it in exile until he was amnestied in 1916.
, one of the leading advocates for the claims of Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
. Although a prolific writer he was not a main leader of the integralist movement and spent much of the 1920s out of Portugal, notably in Brazil
. Whilst there his writings found an audience and helped to bring about the development of Brazilian Integralism
.
in launching the journal Integralismo Lusitano as an attempt to redefine their older ideas in the Portugal of António de Oliveira Salazar
. The initiative was not a success. Unlike some former integralists Almeida Braga did not like Salazar and his last active invovlement in politics saw him campaign in the 1958 Presidential election
for Salazar's opponent Humberto Delgado
.
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
writer and politician who has one of the leading figures within the Integralismo Lusitano
Integralismo Lusitano
Integralismo Lusitano was a Portuguese integralist political movement, founded in Coimbra in 1914, that advocated traditionalism but not conservatism. It was against parliamentarism; instead, it favored decentralization, national syndicalism, the Roman Catholic Church, and the monarchy...
movement.
Early years
Born in BragaBraga
Braga , a city in the Braga Municipality in northwestern Portugal, is the capital of the Braga District, the oldest archdiocese and the third major city of the country. Braga is the oldest Portuguese city and one of the oldest Christian cities in the World...
, Almeida Braga first came to politics whilst a student at the University of Coimbra where he was active in the cause of monarchism
Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy as a form of government in a nation. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government out of principle, independent from the person, the Monarch.In this system, the Monarch may be the...
. Forced into exile in 1911 following a crackdown on such activity, he feld to Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
where he continued his studies at Ghent University
Ghent University
Ghent University is a Dutch-speaking public university located in Ghent, Belgium. It is one of the larger Flemish universities, consisting of 32,000 students and 7,100 staff members. The current rector is Paul Van Cauwenberge.It was established in 1817 by King William I of the Netherlands...
and the Université Libre de Bruxelles
Université Libre de Bruxelles
The Université libre de Bruxelles is a French-speaking university in Brussels, Belgium. It has 21,000 students, 29% of whom come from abroad, and an equally cosmopolitan staff.-Name:...
. The journal that he founded, Alma Portuguesa, was an early basis for integralist development and he produced it in exile until he was amnestied in 1916.
Integralism
He was involved in the failed monarchist uprising of 1919 and afterwards became, along with his close ally Alberto MonsarazAlberto Monsaraz
Alberto de Morés Monsaraz was a Portuguese politician and poet. He was one of the central figures in the Integralismo Lusitano that dominated the far right of Portuguese politics during the early years of the twentieth century.-Early years:Born in Lisbon, he was the son of the poet António de...
, one of the leading advocates for the claims of Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza was a claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1920 until his death.-Birth:...
. Although a prolific writer he was not a main leader of the integralist movement and spent much of the 1920s out of Portugal, notably in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. Whilst there his writings found an audience and helped to bring about the development of Brazilian Integralism
Brazilian Integralism
Brazilian Integralism was a fascist political movement in Brazil, created on October 1932. Founded and led by Plínio Salgado, a literary figure who was somewhat famous for his participation in the 1922 Modern Art Week, the movement had adopted some characteristics of European mass movements of...
.
Under Salazar
In 1932, by then settled back in Portugal, he joined with José Hipólito RaposoJosé Hipólito Raposo
José Hipólito Raposo was a Portuguese politician, writer, lawyer and historian.-Integralism:He was educated at the University of Coimbra before taking up practice as a lawyer...
in launching the journal Integralismo Lusitano as an attempt to redefine their older ideas in the Portugal of António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He also served as acting President of the Republic briefly in 1951. He founded and led the Estado Novo , the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal...
. The initiative was not a success. Unlike some former integralists Almeida Braga did not like Salazar and his last active invovlement in politics saw him campaign in the 1958 Presidential election
Portuguese presidential election, 1958
Presidential elections were held in Portugal on June 8, 1958, during the authoritarian Estado Novo regime led by Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar....
for Salazar's opponent Humberto Delgado
Humberto Delgado
Humberto da Silva Delgado, GCL was a General of the Portuguese Air Force and politician.Delgado was born in Brogueira, Torres Novas. He was the son of Joaquim Delgado and wife Maria do Ó Pereira and had three younger sisters, Deolinda, Aida and Lídia....
.
Written works
- O Culto da Tradição, 1916.
- Mar Tenebroso, 1918.
- Paixão e Graça da Terra, 1932.
- Sob o Pendão Real, 1942.
- Posição de António SardinhaAntónio SardinhaAntónio Sardinha was a Portuguese writer and the main intellectual behind the Integralismo Lusitano movement. He espoused as a strongly conservative world view which has been characterised as an early fascism.-Early politics:Sardinha graduated in law from the University of Coimbra in 1911...
, 1943. - A Revolta da Inteligência, 1944.
- Nuvens sobre o Deserto, 1954.
- Espada ao Sol, 1969.