Martí de Riquer i Morera
Encyclopedia
Martí de Riquer i Morera (mərˈti ðə riˈke j muˈɾeɾə) (born 3 May 1914), 8th Count of Casa Dávalos and Grandee of Spain
, PhD
, is a Spanish
Catalan
Romance
linguist, a recognised international authority in the field. His writing career began in 1934 and continues to the present day.
in 1914, the grandson of Alexandre de Riquer i Ynglada, from whom he inherited the noble title Count of Casa Dávalos at a young age in 1920. He fought in the Spanish Civil War
for the Nationalist
side, in the tercio
of Monserrat and later the propaganda
service under Dionisio Ridruejo
's direction.
In 1977 he was appointed a senator in the Cortes Constituyentes by the Spanish king Juan Carlos I. He was also appointed chief of the Romance literature section of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, "Superior Council of Scientific Investigations").
since 1965, president of the Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona, and corresponding member of numerous foreign institutions. He is the emeritus
chair of Literaturas Románicas (Romance Literature) at the University of Barcelona
, which he held from 1950 to 1984. He was viceroy
of the university in 1965–6 and viceroy of the Autonomous University of Barcelona
from 1970 to 1976. He is the founder and honorary president of the Sociedad Roncesvals, dedicated to the study of the chanson de geste
and cantar de gesta
.
Among the Romance languages Riquer has studied are Occitan, French
, Spanish, and Catalan. Specifically, he has written important and influential works on Don Quixote, the chansons de geste, the medieval novel
(notably Amadis de Gaula
), the troubadours, courtly love
, the history of Catalan literature
, and the social phenomenon of the knight errant. He has studied the influence of Ausiàs March
, Juan Boscan, and the work of Miguel de Cervantes
. Perhaps his most ambitious work was Historia de la Literatura Universal ("History of Universal Literature"), in collaboration José María Valverde
. He and his disciple Albert Hauf
are the most prominent living authorities on courtly love in Spain.
De Riquer was the recipient of a many honours later in life. In 1962 he received the Premio March de Cataluña, in 1990 he received the fourth Premio Internacional Menéndez Pelayo, in 1991 he received the Premio Nacional de Ensayo from the Ministry of Culture for his monograph Aproximació al Tirant lo Blanc, in 1997 he received the Premio Príncipe de Asturias de Ciencias Sociales, in 1999 he received the Premi Lletra d'Or for Quinze generacions d'una família catalana, and in 2000 he received the Premio Nacional de las Letras Españolas. In 2005 he was made a Grandee
by King Juan Carlos I
. He received Doctor honoris causa degrees (honorary doctor) from the University of Rome and the University of Liège
.
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Grandee
Grandee is the word used to render in English the Iberic high aristocratic title Grande , used by the Spanish nobility; Portuguese nobility, and Brazilian nobility....
, PhD
PHD
PHD may refer to:*Ph.D., a doctorate of philosophy*Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*PHD finger, a protein sequence*PHD Mountain Software, an outdoor clothing and equipment company*PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
, is a Spanish
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
Catalan
Catalan language
Catalan is a Romance language, the national and only official language of Andorra and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and Valencian Community, where it is known as Valencian , as well as in the city of Alghero, on the Italian island...
Romance
Romance languages
The Romance languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family, more precisely of the Italic languages subfamily, comprising all the languages that descend from Vulgar Latin, the language of ancient Rome...
linguist, a recognised international authority in the field. His writing career began in 1934 and continues to the present day.
Early life
De Riquer was born in BarcelonaBarcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
in 1914, the grandson of Alexandre de Riquer i Ynglada, from whom he inherited the noble title Count of Casa Dávalos at a young age in 1920. He fought in the Spanish Civil War
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil WarAlso known as The Crusade among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War among Carlists, and The Rebellion or Uprising among Republicans. was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939...
for the Nationalist
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was a Spanish general, dictator and head of state of Spain from October 1936 , and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November, 1975...
side, in the tercio
Tercio
The tercio was a Renaissance era military formation made up of a mixed infantry formation of about 3,000 pikemen, swordsmen and arquebusiers or musketeers in a mutually supportive formation. It was also sometimes referred to as the Spanish Square...
of Monserrat and later the propaganda
Propaganda
Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself or one's group....
service under Dionisio Ridruejo
Dionisio Ridruejo
Dionisio Ridruejo Jiménez was a Spanish poet and political figure within the Falange...
's direction.
In 1977 he was appointed a senator in the Cortes Constituyentes by the Spanish king Juan Carlos I. He was also appointed chief of the Romance literature section of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, "Superior Council of Scientific Investigations").
Scholarship and recognition
De Riquer has been a member of the Real Academia EspañolaReal Academia Española
The Royal Spanish Academy is the official royal institution responsible for regulating the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, but is affiliated with national language academies in twenty-one other hispanophone nations through the Association of Spanish Language Academies...
since 1965, president of the Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona, and corresponding member of numerous foreign institutions. He is the emeritus
Emeritus
Emeritus is a post-positive adjective that is used to designate a retired professor, bishop, or other professional or as a title. The female equivalent emerita is also sometimes used.-History:...
chair of Literaturas Románicas (Romance Literature) at the University of Barcelona
University of Barcelona
The University of Barcelona is a public university located in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia in Spain. It is a member of the Coimbra Group, LERU, European University Association, Mediterranean Universities Union, International Research Universities Network and Vives Network...
, which he held from 1950 to 1984. He was viceroy
Viceroy
A viceroy is a royal official who runs a country, colony, or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king. A viceroy's province or larger territory is called a viceroyalty...
of the university in 1965–6 and viceroy of the Autonomous University of Barcelona
Autonomous University of Barcelona
The Autonomous University of Barcelona is a public university mostly located in Cerdanyola, near the city of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain....
from 1970 to 1976. He is the founder and honorary president of the Sociedad Roncesvals, dedicated to the study of the chanson de geste
Chanson de geste
The chansons de geste, Old French for "songs of heroic deeds", are the epic poems that appear at the dawn of French literature. The earliest known examples date from the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries, nearly a hundred years before the emergence of the lyric poetry of the trouvères and...
and cantar de gesta
Cantar de gesta
A cantar de gesta is the Spanish equivalent of the Old French medieval chanson de geste or "songs of heroic deeds".The most important cantares de gesta of Castile were:...
.
Among the Romance languages Riquer has studied are Occitan, French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
, Spanish, and Catalan. Specifically, he has written important and influential works on Don Quixote, the chansons de geste, the medieval novel
Romance (genre)
As a literary genre of high culture, romance or chivalric romance is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures, often of a knight errant portrayed as...
(notably Amadis de Gaula
Amadis de Gaula
Amadis de Gaula is a landmark work among the knight-errantry tales which were in vogue in 16th century Iberian Peninsula, and formed the earliest reading of many Renaissance and Baroque writers, although it was written at the onset of the 14th century.The first known printed edition was published...
), the troubadours, courtly love
Courtly love
Courtly love was a medieval European conception of nobly and chivalrously expressing love and admiration. Generally, courtly love was secret and between members of the nobility. It was also generally not practiced between husband and wife....
, the history of Catalan literature
Catalan literature
Catalan literature is the name conventionally used to refer to literature written in the Catalan language. The Catalan literary tradition is extensive, starting in the Middle Ages....
, and the social phenomenon of the knight errant. He has studied the influence of Ausiàs March
Ausiàs March
Ausiàs March was a Valencian poet who was born in Gandia towards the end of the 14th century. He was the son of Pere March, nephew of Jaume March II, and cousin of Arnau March....
, Juan Boscan, and the work of Miguel de Cervantes
Miguel de Cervantes
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra was a Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright. His magnum opus, Don Quixote, considered the first modern novel, is a classic of Western literature, and is regarded amongst the best works of fiction ever written...
. Perhaps his most ambitious work was Historia de la Literatura Universal ("History of Universal Literature"), in collaboration José María Valverde
José María Valverde
José María Valverde Pacheco poet, essayist, literary critic, historian of ideas and translator of Spanish.-Biography:...
. He and his disciple Albert Hauf
Albert Hauf
Albert Guillem Hauf i Valls is a Majorcan philologist, literature historian and literary critic. He is a specialist in Catalan and Occitan medieval literature....
are the most prominent living authorities on courtly love in Spain.
De Riquer was the recipient of a many honours later in life. In 1962 he received the Premio March de Cataluña, in 1990 he received the fourth Premio Internacional Menéndez Pelayo, in 1991 he received the Premio Nacional de Ensayo from the Ministry of Culture for his monograph Aproximació al Tirant lo Blanc, in 1997 he received the Premio Príncipe de Asturias de Ciencias Sociales, in 1999 he received the Premi Lletra d'Or for Quinze generacions d'una família catalana, and in 2000 he received the Premio Nacional de las Letras Españolas. In 2005 he was made a Grandee
Grandee
Grandee is the word used to render in English the Iberic high aristocratic title Grande , used by the Spanish nobility; Portuguese nobility, and Brazilian nobility....
by King Juan Carlos I
Juan Carlos I of Spain
Juan Carlos I |Italy]]) is the reigning King of Spain.On 22 November 1975, two days after the death of General Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos was designated king according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco. Spain had no monarch for 38 years in 1969 when Franco named Juan Carlos as the...
. He received Doctor honoris causa degrees (honorary doctor) from the University of Rome and the University of Liège
University of Liège
The University of Liège , in Liège, Wallonia, Belgium, is a major public university in the French Community of Belgium. Its official language is French.-History:...
.
His own
- L'humanisme català (1388–1494) Barcelona: Barcino, 1934.
- Humanisme i decadència en les lletres catalanes Barcelona: Revista de Catalunya, 1934.
- Comentaris crítics sobre clàssics catalans Barcelona: Barcino, 1935.
- Manual de heráldica española Barcelona: Apolo, 1942.
- La lírica de los trovadores Madrid: CSIC, 1948.
- Los cantares de gesta franceses, Madrid: Gredos, 1952.
- Historia de la literatura catalana, Barcelona: Ariel, 1964–1966.
- Historia de la literatura universal, Barcelona: Noguer, 1957–1959. (in collaboration with José María ValverdeJosé María ValverdeJosé María Valverde Pacheco poet, essayist, literary critic, historian of ideas and translator of Spanish.-Biography:...
) - Caballeros andantes españoles, Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1967.
- L'arnès del cavaller: armes i armadures catalanes medievals, Barcelona: Ariel, 1968.
- Cavalleria: fra realtà e letteratura nel Quattrocento, Bari: Adriatica, 1968.
- El combate imaginario: Las cartas de batalla de Joanot Martorell, Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1972. (in collaboration with Mario Vargas LlosaMario Vargas LlosaJorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa is a Peruvian-Spanish writer, politician, journalist, essayist, and Nobel Prize laureate. Vargas Llosa is one of Latin America's most significant novelists and essayists, and one of the leading authors of his generation...
) - Los trovadores, Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.
- Heràldica catalana des de l'any 1150 al 1550, Barcelona: Quaderns Crema, 1983.
- Vida i aventures de don Pero Maça, Barcelona: Quaderns Crema, 1984.
- Heráldica Castellana en tiempos de los Reyes Católicos, Quaderns Crema, 1986.
- Estudios sobre el Amadís de Gaula, Barcelona: Sirmio, 1987.
- Cervantes, Passamonte y Avellaneda, Barcelona: Sirmio, 1988.
- Cervantes en Barcelona, Barcelona: Sirmio, 1989.
- Aproximació al Tirant lo Blanc, Quaderns Crema, 1990
- Tirant lo Blanch, Novela de historia y de ficción, Barcelona: Sirmio, 1992.
- Les poesies del trobador Guillem de Berguedà, Barcelona: Quaderns Crema, 1996.
- Quinze generacions d'una família catalana, Barcelona: Quaderns Crema, 1998.
- Llegendes històriques catalanes, Barcelona: Quaderns Crema, 2000.
- Para leer a Cervantes, Barcelona: Acantilado, 2003.
- Vida y amores de los trovadores y sus damas, Barcelona: Acantilado, 2004.
Edited works
- Antoni CanalsAntoni CanalsAntoni Canals was a Dominican friar, orator and writer. He was born in the Kingdom of Valencia and he was famous for his sermons and by three translations or adaptations of classical works into Catalan.He was disciple of Saint Vincent Ferrer, he taught theology in Valencia until 1398 and he was...
, Scipió e Anibal. De providència. De arra de ànima, Barcelona: Barcino, 1935. - Jordi de Sant JordiJordi de Sant JordiJordi de Sant Jordi was born in the Kingdom of Valencia. He was Chamberlain at the court of King Alfons V of Aragon but is best known for his poetry....
, Poesies, Barcelona: Catalònia, 1935. - Bernatz de Ventadorn, Poesías, Barcelona: Yunque, 1940.
- Sebastián de CovarrubiasSebastián de CovarrubiasSebastián de Covarrubias was a Spanish lexicographer, cryptographer, chaplain and writer. He wrote Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española....
, Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española, Barcelona: Horta, 1943. - Miguel de CervantesMiguel de CervantesMiguel de Cervantes Saavedra was a Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright. His magnum opus, Don Quixote, considered the first modern novel, is a classic of Western literature, and is regarded amongst the best works of fiction ever written...
, Don Quijote de la Mancha, Barcelona: Juventud, 1944. - Jacinto Verdaguer, L'Atlàntida, Barcelona: Ayuntamiento de Barcelona, 1946.
- Pero Martínez, Obras, Barcelona: CSIC, 1946.
- Cerverí de GironaCerverí de GironaCerverí de Girona was a Catalan troubadour born Guillem de Cervera in Girona. He was the most prolific troubadour, leaving behind some 114 lyric poems among other works, including an ensenhamen of proverbs for his son, totaling about 130. He was a court poet to James the Conqueror and Peter the...
, El trovador Cerverí de Girona, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, 1946. - Joanot MartorellJoanot MartorellJoanot Martorell was a Valencian knight and the author of the novel Tirant lo Blanch, which is written in Valencian...
, Martí Joan de GalbaMartí Joan de GalbaMartí Joan de Galba was co-author of the famous Valencian epic Tirant lo Blanc, which he helped finish during and after the death of his friend, the main author of the work, Joanot Martorell. David H...
, Tirant lo Blanc, Barcelona: Selecta, 1947. - Joanot Martorell, Martí Joan de Galba, Tirante el Blanco: traducción castellana de 1511, Barcelona: Asociación de Bibliófilos, 1947–1949.
- Andreu Febrer, Poesies, Barcelona: Barcino, 1951.
- Gilabert de PróixitaGilabert de PróixitaGilabert de Próixita was a Valencian poet with twenty-one extant Occitan pieces. He is credited by his first editor with a renovellament of Catalan poetry through the incorporation of Italian and French ideas into a model of courtly love taken from the classical troubadours...
, Poesies, Barcelona: Barcino, 1954. - Juan Boscán, Obras poéticas, Barcelona: Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres, Universitat de Barcelona, 1957. (with Antoni Comas and Joaquim Moles)
- Guillem de Berguedà, Guillem de Berguedà, Espluga de Francolí: Abadia de Poblet, 1971.
- Alonso Fernández de AvellanedaAlonso Fernández de AvellanedaIn 1614 a sequel to Cervantes' Don Quixote was published under the pseudonym Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda. The identity of Fernández de Avellaneda has been the subject of many theories, but there is no consensus on who he was...
, Don Quijote de la Mancha, Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1972. - Fernando de RojasFernando de RojasFernando de Rojas was a Spanish author about whom little information is known. He possibly attended the University of Salamanca. Although his family was of Jewish ancestry, they were conversos, or Jews who had converted to Christianity under pressure from the Spanish crown...
, La celestina, Madrid: Alfaguara, 1974. - Chrétien de TroyesChrétien de TroyesChrétien de Troyes was a French poet and trouvère who flourished in the late 12th century. Perhaps he named himself Christian of Troyes in contrast to the illustrious Rashi, also of Troyes...
, Li contes del graal, Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1961. - Alan Chartier, La belle dame sans merci, Barcelona: Quaderns Crema, 1983.
- La chanson de Roland. El Cantar de Roldán y el Roncesvalles navarro, Barcelona: El Festín de Esopo, 1983.
- Arnaut DanielArnaut DanielArnaut Daniel de Riberac was an Occitan troubadour of the 12th century, praised by Dante as "il miglior fabbro" and called "Grand Master of Love" by Petrarch...
, Poesías, Barcelona: Quaderns Crema, 1994.
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