Masud Sa'd Salman
Encyclopedia
Mas'ud-i Sa'd-i Salmān was an 11th century Persian
poet of the Ghaznavid empire who is known as the prisoner poet. He lived from 1046 to 1121.
to wealthy parents from Hamadan
, present-day Iran
. his father Sa'd bin Salman was a great Persian ambassador who was sent to India
by Ghaznavids.Masud was born there and he was highly learned in astrology
, hippology
, calligraphy
, literature
and also in Arabic and India
n languages.
Most of his works are written in the qasideh form. He has some poems in other styles such as quatrian and qet'eh. In the qasideh he followed the famous Unsuri
.
During one of his prison stays, he wrote the Tristia, a celebrated work of Persian poetry. He had relationships with some of the Persian Poets like: Othman Mokhtari , Abul-faraj Runi, Sanai
.
One of his famous qasidehs about the prison
:
شخصي به هزار غم گرفتارم در هر نفسي بجان رسد كارم
بي زلت و بي گناه محبوسم بي علت و بي سبب گرفتارم
خورده قسم اختران به پاداشم بسته كمر آسمان به پيكارم
امروز به غم فزونترم از دي امسال به نقد كمتر از پارم
ياران گزيده داشتم روزي امروز چه شد كه نيست كس يارم؟
هر نيمه شب آسمان ستوه آيد از ناله سخت و گريه ي زارم
محبوس چرا شدم نمي دانم دانم كه نه دزدم و نه عيارم
بسيار اميد بود بر طبعم اي واي اميد هاي بسيارم
Couplet:
Transliteration: Gardoon beh ranj o dard mara kushteh bood agar! Paiwand e umr e man neh shudey nazm e jan fizaaey!
Translation: Had this sky (fate) got me killed with grief and pain (in my imprisoned state)! This patch (of garment) of my life would not have yielded life giving poetry! ~~Lutfullah
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
poet of the Ghaznavid empire who is known as the prisoner poet. He lived from 1046 to 1121.
Early life
He was born in 1046 in LahoreLahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
to wealthy parents from Hamadan
Hamadan
-Culture:Hamadan is home to many poets and cultural celebrities. The city is also said to be among the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.Handicrafts: Hamadan has always been well known for handicrafts like leather, ceramic, and beautiful carpets....
, present-day Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
. his father Sa'd bin Salman was a great Persian ambassador who was sent to India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
by Ghaznavids.Masud was born there and he was highly learned in astrology
Astrology
Astrology consists of a number of belief systems which hold that there is a relationship between astronomical phenomena and events in the human world...
, hippology
Hippology
Hippology is the study of the horse.Today, Hippology is the title of an Equine Knowledge Contest that is used in 4-H, FFA and many horse breed contests...
, calligraphy
Calligraphy
Calligraphy is a type of visual art. It is often called the art of fancy lettering . A contemporary definition of calligraphic practice is "the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner"...
, literature
Literature
Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources...
and also in Arabic and India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n languages.
In prison
In 1085, due to politics in the royal court, he was thrown into prison. He was released in 1096, when he returned to Lahore and was appointed governor of Chalander. Two years later, continued political changes resulted in a prison stay of 8 years, with his release in 1106. The last years of his life was spent in high favor most of his best poems were written in the Nay prison.Poetry
He also known as a great Persian poet. His poems are so beautiful and painful.Most of his works are written in the qasideh form. He has some poems in other styles such as quatrian and qet'eh. In the qasideh he followed the famous Unsuri
Unsuri
Abul Qasim Hasan Unsuri Balkhi was a 10-11th century Persian poet.He is said to have been born in Balkh, today located in Afghanistan, and he eventually became a poet of the royal court, and was given the title Malik-us Shu'ara .His Divan is said to have contained 30,000 distichs, of which only...
.
During one of his prison stays, he wrote the Tristia, a celebrated work of Persian poetry. He had relationships with some of the Persian Poets like: Othman Mokhtari , Abul-faraj Runi, Sanai
Sanai
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi was a Afghan Sufi poet who lived in Ghazna, in what is now Afghanistan between the 11th century and the 12th century. Some people spell his name as Sanayee. He died around 1131.-Life:...
.
One of his famous qasidehs about the prison
Prison
A prison is a place in which people are physically confined and, usually, deprived of a range of personal freedoms. Imprisonment or incarceration is a legal penalty that may be imposed by the state for the commission of a crime...
:
شخصي به هزار غم گرفتارم در هر نفسي بجان رسد كارم
- I am fallen person in a thousand sorrows
- In each breath my life's looking in end
بي زلت و بي گناه محبوسم بي علت و بي سبب گرفتارم
- with no sin I am prisoner
- with no reason fallen in trouble
خورده قسم اختران به پاداشم بسته كمر آسمان به پيكارم
- stars have sworn to hurt me
- the sky has come to fight with me
امروز به غم فزونترم از دي امسال به نقد كمتر از پارم
- today in pains I'm higher than the yester
- this year my soul's lesser than last year
ياران گزيده داشتم روزي امروز چه شد كه نيست كس يارم؟
- I had many selected friends
- what has become no one's remain
هر نيمه شب آسمان ستوه آيد از ناله سخت و گريه ي زارم
- every night the sky's made sad
- with my painful sadness cryings
محبوس چرا شدم نمي دانم دانم كه نه دزدم و نه عيارم
- I falled in jail, why? I don't know
- I just know: I'm not still nor wicked
بسيار اميد بود بر طبعم اي واي اميد هاي بسيارم
- to much desires I had before
- oh alas! where is my lost desires
Couplet:
Transliteration: Gardoon beh ranj o dard mara kushteh bood agar! Paiwand e umr e man neh shudey nazm e jan fizaaey!
Translation: Had this sky (fate) got me killed with grief and pain (in my imprisoned state)! This patch (of garment) of my life would not have yielded life giving poetry! ~~Lutfullah
See also
- List of Persian poets and authors
- Persian literaturePersian literaturePersian literature spans two-and-a-half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. Its sources have been within historical Persia including present-day Iran as well as regions of Central Asia where the Persian language has historically been the national language...