Musée national de la Marine
Encyclopedia
The Musée national de la Marine (National Navy Museum) is a maritime museum
located in the Palais de Chaillot, Trocadéro
, in the XVIe arrondissement
of Paris
. It has annexes at Brest, Port-Louis
, Rochefort
(Musée National de la Marine de Rochefort)
, Toulon
and Saint-Tropez
. The permanent collection originates in a collection that dates back to Louis XV of France
.
offered a collection of models of ships and naval installations to Louis XV of France
, with the request that the items be displayed at the Louvre
and made available to students of the Naval engineers school, which Duhamel headed. The collection was put on display in 1752, in a room of the first floor, next to the Academy of Sciences; the room was called "Salle de Marine" (Navy room), and was used for teaching.
With the French Revolution
, the Salle de Marine closed in 1793. The collection was added to models owned by the King personally, to others owned by the Ministry of Navy, and yet others owned by émigré
s or executees (notably Philippe Égalité
). A short-lived museum was opened between 1801 and 1803 at the Ministry of Navy, then located at Place de la Concorde
.
In 1810, Napoléon ordered a gallery of 19 models to be put on display in his offices at Grand Trianon
, as to document the types of warships in usage in the French Navy at the time. Jacques-Noël Sané
was put in charge of the task. Napoléon also had a model of the frigate Muiron
in his bedroom at Château de Malmaison
.
In 1827, after the Bourbon Restoration
, Charles X
ordered a Naval museum to be opened at the Louvre. The task was given to Pierre Zédé. Rooms were also opened or restored in Cherbourg, Brest, Lorient, Rochefort and Toulon.
In 1852, Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio
became curator of the Museum. He emphasised the importance of painting, adding to the works of Joseph Vernet. He also made a catalogue of the items, and reorganised the ethnographic items of the collection.
In 1871, admiral François-Edmond Pâris
became curator, and had over 400 models of small crafts indigenous to different locations of the French Empire constructed.
From 1905, ethnographic items were transferred to other museums, and in 1920, the administration of the Museum was transferred to the French Navy
. In 1937, part of the Palais de Chaillot was devoted to harbouring the museum, which opened on 15 August 1943.
From 1971, the museum became an autonomous body under the Ministry of Defence. In 1975, it was instrumental in the restoration of Port Louis
fortress. In 1992, it purchased Éric Tabarly
's Pen Duick V, now serving in the French Navy as a sailing school ship.
Maritime museum
A maritime museum is a museum specializing in the display of objects relating to ships and travel on large bodies of water...
located in the Palais de Chaillot, Trocadéro
Trocadéro
The Trocadéro, , site of the Palais de Chaillot, , is an area of Paris, France, in the 16th arrondissement, across the Seine from the Eiffel Tower. The hill of the Trocadéro is the hill of Chaillot, a former village.- Origin of the name :...
, in the XVIe arrondissement
XVIe arrondissement
The 16th arrondissement of Paris is one of the 20 arrondissements of Paris, the capital city of France...
of Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
. It has annexes at Brest, Port-Louis
Port-Louis, Morbihan
Port-Louis is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.-Demographics:Inhabitants of Port-Louis are called in French Port-Louisiens.-References:* * -External links:* * *...
, Rochefort
Rochefort, Charente-Maritime
Rochefort is a commune in southwestern France, a port on the Charente estuary. It is a sub-prefecture of the Charente-Maritime department.-History:...
(Musée National de la Marine de Rochefort)
Musée National de la Marine (Rochefort)
The Musée National de la Marine in Rochefort is one of the main naval museums of France.Rochefort Naval museum is part of the Musée national de la Marine, which is organised around its main location in Paris, and it antennas in Rochefort, Toulon, Brest and Port-Louis.- Notes and references :...
, Toulon
Toulon
Toulon is a town in southern France and a large military harbor on the Mediterranean coast, with a major French naval base. Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur region, Toulon is the capital of the Var department in the former province of Provence....
and Saint-Tropez
Saint-Tropez
Saint-Tropez is a town, 104 km to the east of Marseille, in the Var department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. It is also the principal town in the canton of Saint-Tropez....
. The permanent collection originates in a collection that dates back to Louis XV of France
Louis XV of France
Louis XV was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death. He succeeded his great-grandfather at the age of five, his first cousin Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, served as Regent of the kingdom until Louis's majority in 1723...
.
History
In 1748, Henri-Louis Duhamel du MonceauHenri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau
Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau , was a French physician, naval engineer and botanist. As a botanist his standard abbreviation is Duhamel...
offered a collection of models of ships and naval installations to Louis XV of France
Louis XV of France
Louis XV was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death. He succeeded his great-grandfather at the age of five, his first cousin Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, served as Regent of the kingdom until Louis's majority in 1723...
, with the request that the items be displayed at the Louvre
Louvre
The Musée du Louvre – in English, the Louvre Museum or simply the Louvre – is one of the world's largest museums, the most visited art museum in the world and a historic monument. A central landmark of Paris, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement...
and made available to students of the Naval engineers school, which Duhamel headed. The collection was put on display in 1752, in a room of the first floor, next to the Academy of Sciences; the room was called "Salle de Marine" (Navy room), and was used for teaching.
With the French Revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
, the Salle de Marine closed in 1793. The collection was added to models owned by the King personally, to others owned by the Ministry of Navy, and yet others owned by émigré
Émigré
Émigré is a French term that literally refers to a person who has "migrated out", but often carries a connotation of politico-social self-exile....
s or executees (notably Philippe Égalité
Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans commonly known as Philippe, was a member of a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, the ruling dynasty of France. He actively supported the French Revolution and adopted the name Philippe Égalité, but was nonetheless guillotined during the Reign of Terror...
). A short-lived museum was opened between 1801 and 1803 at the Ministry of Navy, then located at Place de la Concorde
Place de la Concorde
The Place de la Concorde in area, it is the largest square in the French capital. It is located in the city's eighth arrondissement, at the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées.- History :...
.
Grand Trianon
The Grand Trianon was built in the northwestern part of the Domain of Versailles at the request of Louis XIV, as a retreat for the King and his maîtresse en titre of the time, the marquise de Montespan, and as a place where the King and invited guests could take light meals away from the strict...
, as to document the types of warships in usage in the French Navy at the time. Jacques-Noël Sané
Jacques-Noël Sané
Jacques-Noël Sané was a French naval engineer, one of the most successful shipbuilders of the Age of Sail.Sané studied under Duhamel du Monceau...
was put in charge of the task. Napoléon also had a model of the frigate Muiron
French frigate Muiron
The Muiron was a frigate of the French Navy, famous for ferrying Bonaparte on the 22 August 1799 under the flagship of Admiral Ganteaume from Egypt to France after the Battle of the Nile....
in his bedroom at Château de Malmaison
Château de Malmaison
The Château de Malmaison is a country house in the city of Rueil-Malmaison about 12 km from Paris.It was formerly the residence of Joséphine de Beauharnais, and with the Tuileries, was from 1800 to 1802 the headquarters of the French government.-History:Joséphine de Beauharnais bought the...
.
In 1827, after the Bourbon Restoration
Bourbon Restoration
The Bourbon Restoration is the name given to the period following the successive events of the French Revolution , the end of the First Republic , and then the forcible end of the First French Empire under Napoleon – when a coalition of European powers restored by arms the monarchy to the...
, Charles X
Charles X of France
Charles X was known for most of his life as the Comte d'Artois before he reigned as King of France and of Navarre from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. A younger brother to Kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile and eventually succeeded him...
ordered a Naval museum to be opened at the Louvre. The task was given to Pierre Zédé. Rooms were also opened or restored in Cherbourg, Brest, Lorient, Rochefort and Toulon.
In 1852, Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio
Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio
Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio was a French naval painter, peintre officiel de la Marine, curator of the naval and ethnographic museum of the Louvre, and mayor of the 20th arrondissement of Paris.- Biography :...
became curator of the Museum. He emphasised the importance of painting, adding to the works of Joseph Vernet. He also made a catalogue of the items, and reorganised the ethnographic items of the collection.
In 1871, admiral François-Edmond Pâris
François-Edmond Pâris
François-Edmond Pâris was a French admiral, notable for his contribution to naval engineering during the rise of the steam, for his books, and for his role in organising the Musée national de la Marine.- Career :...
became curator, and had over 400 models of small crafts indigenous to different locations of the French Empire constructed.
From 1905, ethnographic items were transferred to other museums, and in 1920, the administration of the Museum was transferred to the French Navy
French Navy
The French Navy, officially the Marine nationale and often called La Royale is the maritime arm of the French military. It includes a full range of fighting vessels, from patrol boats to a nuclear powered aircraft carrier and 10 nuclear-powered submarines, four of which are capable of launching...
. In 1937, part of the Palais de Chaillot was devoted to harbouring the museum, which opened on 15 August 1943.
From 1971, the museum became an autonomous body under the Ministry of Defence. In 1975, it was instrumental in the restoration of Port Louis
Port Louis
-Economy:The economy is dominated by its port, which handles Mauritius' international trade. The port was founded by the French who preferred Port Louis as the City is shielded by the Port Louis/Moka mountain range. It is the largest container handling facility in the Indian Ocean and can...
fortress. In 1992, it purchased Éric Tabarly
Éric Tabarly
Éric Tabarly was a notable French yachtsman.A former officer in the French navy who is often considered the father of French yachting....
's Pen Duick V, now serving in the French Navy as a sailing school ship.
See also
- List of museums in Paris
- French ship Louis QuinzeFrench ship Louis QuinzeThe Louis Quinze is a ship of the line of the French Navy, built as a 1/36th scale model which is currently on display at the Musée national de la Marine. No actual ship of the French Navy bore the name....
External links
- Official museum website
- To know more about the Admiral François Edmond Paris and the exhibition which pay tribute to his work "All the boat of the world" the official virtual exhibition
- CARTES POSTALES ANCIENNES des Modèles et Objets du Musée national de la Marine Publiées de 1909 à 1939 environ quand le Musée était au Louvre