Möngke Temür
Encyclopedia
Möngke Temür or Dudu Mentemu (1370 – 1433) was the Jurchen chieftain of the Odoli tribe, one fo the three tribes of the lower Sungari river valley in Manchuria. In the 1380's the tribe migrated southward towards the lower valley of the Tumen river and settled in Womuho (present day Hoeryong)
In 1388, the Hongwu Emperor
established contact with three tribes of the Jianzhou Jurchens
, the Odoli, Huligai and Tuowen and attempted to enlist them as allies against the Mongols. There was a general migration south of the various Jurchen groups around the turn of the century and the three tribes established themselves around the Tumen River
(near the modern border of China
, Russia
and North Korea
). Not long afterwards, the various Jurchens began accepting Ming titles from the Yongle Emperor
as the Military Commander三 of the three Wei, namely Jianzhou Wei (建州卫), Jianzhou Left Wei (建州左卫) and Jianzhou Right Wei (建州右卫). The Wei (卫) was military unit composed of 5 Suo (所), and each Suo was staffed with 1100 soldiers. As Military Commanders of Weu they were required to go to Beijing every year to pay tribute to the Emperor.
In 1395, he visited the Korean court to present tribute to the Korean king. As a result in 1404, he was awarded an honorary military position.
During this time, the Ming court frequently sent envoys to local chieftains to presuade local chieftains to recognize the suzerainity of the Ming emperor, however Mengge did not respond. This was to the delight of the Korean court and in 1405, he was nominated to be a myriarch under the Korean king. In april 1405, a Ming envoy of Jurchen origin Wang Jiaohuati, was sent to Korea to persuade the Korean king along with Mengge to enter into tributary relations with the Ming.
Ahacu (阿哈出, later also known as Li Sicheng 李思誠), chief of the Huligai, became commander of the Jianzhou Wei (建州卫) in 1403, named after a Yuan Dynasty
political unit in the area. Möngke Temür (猛哥帖木儿) of the Odoli became leader of the Jianzhou Left Wei (建州左卫) and accepted the Chinese surname of Tóng (童) not long afterward.
The Korean king ordered Meng not to comply with the request of Ming, he first complied with this order only to capitulate, visiting Nanjing in September 1405, leaving with an appointment as regional commissioner.
IN the following years, the Jurchen tribes along with Meng's Odoli tribe fought skirmishes and battles with the Koreans. With the constant insecurity in the presence of the Koreans, Meng and his followers migrated westward, settling in May 1411 in Fengzhou, in the valley of the Hoifa river, an affluent of the Sungari river, where the Jianzhou guard under Šigiyanu
Li Xianzhong was located.
Here the ming government would establish the Jianzhou Left Guard from the existing Jianzhou guard with meng as the regional commander of the new guard.
During this time, the Yongle Emperor began frequently sending expeditionary forces towards the Mongols, Meng and his followers would take part in one such expedition in 1422. With the threat of retaliatory invasions of the Mongols and the growing dominance of Li Manzhu, Mongke and his followers, who numbered more than six thousand were forced to leave Fengzhou and head back to Womuho in 1423.
After his return, Mongke decided that the best policy of self preservation would be to serve both Ming and Korean interests. In 1426, he visited Beijing and awarded a promotion as assistant comissioner in chief. His half brother Fanca visited Beijing in 1432, presented tribute, and was promoted to assistant commissioner. In 1432, Mongke visited Beijing again and was promoted to commissioner in chief while Fanca was made a regional commissioner. Starting in 1427, Mongke had began sending his eldest son Agu to visit the Korean court with the hopes that Agu would become a royal bodyguard in Korea.
On November 30, 1433, Mongke Temur and his son Agu were killed in a riot led by Yang Mutawuta, a Jurchen battalion commander from a diffent tribe in the area of Kaiyuan. Yang Mutawuta had followed Mongke Temur and his son
Temple name : Zhàozǔ (Hanzi : 肇祖)
In 1388, the Hongwu Emperor
Hongwu Emperor
The Hongwu Emperor , known variably by his given name Zhu Yuanzhang and by his temple name Taizu of Ming , was the founder and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China...
established contact with three tribes of the Jianzhou Jurchens
Jianzhou Jurchens
The Jianzhou Jurchens were a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty. They were the southernmost group of the Jurchen people The Jianzhou Jurchens (Chinese:建州女真) were a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty. They were the...
, the Odoli, Huligai and Tuowen and attempted to enlist them as allies against the Mongols. There was a general migration south of the various Jurchen groups around the turn of the century and the three tribes established themselves around the Tumen River
Tumen River
The Tumen River is a 521 km-long river that serves as part of the boundary between China, North Korea, and Russia, rising in Mount Baekdu and flowing into the Sea of Japan....
(near the modern border of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
and North Korea
North Korea
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
). Not long afterwards, the various Jurchens began accepting Ming titles from the Yongle Emperor
Yongle Emperor
The Yongle Emperor , born Zhu Di , was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424. His Chinese era name Yongle means "Perpetual Happiness".He was the Prince of Yan , possessing a heavy military base in Beiping...
as the Military Commander三 of the three Wei, namely Jianzhou Wei (建州卫), Jianzhou Left Wei (建州左卫) and Jianzhou Right Wei (建州右卫). The Wei (卫) was military unit composed of 5 Suo (所), and each Suo was staffed with 1100 soldiers. As Military Commanders of Weu they were required to go to Beijing every year to pay tribute to the Emperor.
In 1395, he visited the Korean court to present tribute to the Korean king. As a result in 1404, he was awarded an honorary military position.
During this time, the Ming court frequently sent envoys to local chieftains to presuade local chieftains to recognize the suzerainity of the Ming emperor, however Mengge did not respond. This was to the delight of the Korean court and in 1405, he was nominated to be a myriarch under the Korean king. In april 1405, a Ming envoy of Jurchen origin Wang Jiaohuati, was sent to Korea to persuade the Korean king along with Mengge to enter into tributary relations with the Ming.
Ahacu (阿哈出, later also known as Li Sicheng 李思誠), chief of the Huligai, became commander of the Jianzhou Wei (建州卫) in 1403, named after a Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
political unit in the area. Möngke Temür (猛哥帖木儿) of the Odoli became leader of the Jianzhou Left Wei (建州左卫) and accepted the Chinese surname of Tóng (童) not long afterward.
The Korean king ordered Meng not to comply with the request of Ming, he first complied with this order only to capitulate, visiting Nanjing in September 1405, leaving with an appointment as regional commissioner.
IN the following years, the Jurchen tribes along with Meng's Odoli tribe fought skirmishes and battles with the Koreans. With the constant insecurity in the presence of the Koreans, Meng and his followers migrated westward, settling in May 1411 in Fengzhou, in the valley of the Hoifa river, an affluent of the Sungari river, where the Jianzhou guard under Šigiyanu
Li Xianzhong was located.
Here the ming government would establish the Jianzhou Left Guard from the existing Jianzhou guard with meng as the regional commander of the new guard.
During this time, the Yongle Emperor began frequently sending expeditionary forces towards the Mongols, Meng and his followers would take part in one such expedition in 1422. With the threat of retaliatory invasions of the Mongols and the growing dominance of Li Manzhu, Mongke and his followers, who numbered more than six thousand were forced to leave Fengzhou and head back to Womuho in 1423.
After his return, Mongke decided that the best policy of self preservation would be to serve both Ming and Korean interests. In 1426, he visited Beijing and awarded a promotion as assistant comissioner in chief. His half brother Fanca visited Beijing in 1432, presented tribute, and was promoted to assistant commissioner. In 1432, Mongke visited Beijing again and was promoted to commissioner in chief while Fanca was made a regional commissioner. Starting in 1427, Mongke had began sending his eldest son Agu to visit the Korean court with the hopes that Agu would become a royal bodyguard in Korea.
On November 30, 1433, Mongke Temur and his son Agu were killed in a riot led by Yang Mutawuta, a Jurchen battalion commander from a diffent tribe in the area of Kaiyuan. Yang Mutawuta had followed Mongke Temur and his son
Temple name : Zhàozǔ (Hanzi : 肇祖)