N'quatqua First Nation
Encyclopedia
The N'Quatqua First Nation, also known as the N'quatqua Nation, the N'Quatqua Nation, the Nequatque First Nation, the Anderson Lake Indian Band, the Anderson Lake First Nation and the Anderson Lake Band , is a First Nations government of the St'at'imc
(Stl'atl'imx or Lillooet) people, located in the southern Coast Mountains
region of the Canadian province of British Columbia
at the community of D'Arcy
, where the British Columbia Railway meets the head of Anderson Lake, about midway between the towns of Pemberton
and Lillooet
.
governments it is not a member of the Lillooet Tribal Council
, the largest grouping of band governments of the St'at'imc
people (aka the Lillooet people). Also broken away from the Lillooet Tribal Council are the three bands of the In-SHUCK-ch Nation
on the lower Lillooet River
and at the head of Harrison Lake
. The N'quatqua Nation was originally part of the In-SHUCK-ch breakaway group but has since constituted itself separately, despite close family and cultural ties to the other bands of the In-SHUCK-ch and Lillooet Tribal Council. A third tribal council, the Lower Stl'atl'imx Tribal Council
, incorporates the N'quatqua First Nation with the member nations of In-SHUCK-ch.
, which is the location of three of the reserve communities of the Seton Lake First Nation
, aka the Seton Lake Indian Band. Before the Indian reserve system was set in place by the Indian Act, the people of N'Quatqua and those of the various Seton Lake Band communities were considered a separate group within the Lillooet people, known as the Lakes Lillooet, Lx'lx'mx or Lexalexamux (see Chief Hunter Jack
). In addition to N'quatqua, Nkiat, Slosh, Shalalth, and villages along Seton Lake now abandoned or disused, the foot of Seton Lake was also the territory of the Lakes Lillooet, in particular of the Oleman family. Since the Indian Act it has been under the control of the Lillooet Band, and is run as the public beach for Lillooet and its surrounding reserves and ranches.
St'at'imc
The St'át'imc are an Interior Salish people located in the southern Coast Mountains and Fraser Canyon region of the Interior of the Canadian province of British Columbia.St'át'imc culture displayed many features typical of Northwest Coast peoples: the...
(Stl'atl'imx or Lillooet) people, located in the southern Coast Mountains
Coast Mountains
The Coast Mountains are a major mountain range, in the Pacific Coast Ranges, of western North America, extending from southwestern Yukon through the Alaska Panhandle and virtually all of the Coast of British Columbia. They are so-named because of their proximity to the sea coast, and are often...
region of the Canadian province of British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...
at the community of D'Arcy
D'Arcy, British Columbia
D'Arcy is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of British Columbia, approximately 150 kilometres northeast of the city of Vancouver...
, where the British Columbia Railway meets the head of Anderson Lake, about midway between the towns of Pemberton
Pemberton, British Columbia
Pemberton is a village north of Whistler in the Pemberton Valley of British Columbia in Canada, with a population of 2,192. Until the 1960s the village could be accessed only by train but that changed when Highway 99 was built through Whistler and Pemberton.-Climate:The climate of Pemberton is...
and Lillooet
Lillooet, British Columbia
Lillooet is a community on the Fraser River in western Canada, about up the British Columbia Railway line from Vancouver. Situated at an intersection of deep gorges in the lee of the Coast Mountains, it has a dry climate- of precipitation is recorded annually at the town's weather station,...
.
Reserves
Indian Reserves under the administration of the band are:- Anderson Lake Indian Reserve No. 5, 594.6 ha.
- Nequatque Indian Reserve No. 1, effectively synonymous with the village of N'QuatquaN'quatquaN'Quatqua, variously spelled Nequatque, N'quat'qua, is the proper historic name in the St'at'imcets language for the First Nations village of the Stl'atl'imx people of the community of D'Arcy, which is at the upper end of Anderson Lake about 35 miles southeast of Lillooet and about the same...
, 177 ha., at the mouth of the Gates RiverGates RiverThe Gates River is a short river in the Lillooet Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Approximately 14.5 km in length, it flows generally northeast from the outlet of Birken Lake to its mouth at the head of Anderson Lake...
into Anderson Lake. - Nequatque Indian Reserve No. 2, 7.1 ha., on the east side of the Gates River 2 miles from Anderson Lake (at DevineDevine, British ColumbiaDevine is a rural locality located in the Gates Valley of the Lillooet Country in the southwestern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, about 3 km from D'Arcy, at the head of Anderson Lake....
) - Nequatque Indian Reserve No. 3, 8.1 ha., on the west side of the Gates River 2 miles from Anderson Lake (at DevineDevine, British ColumbiaDevine is a rural locality located in the Gates Valley of the Lillooet Country in the southwestern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, about 3 km from D'Arcy, at the head of Anderson Lake....
- Nequatque Indian Reserve No. 3A. 9.5 ha., on the west side of the Gates River 2.25 miles from Anderson Lake, south of and near IR No. 3
- Nequatque Indian Reserve No. 4, 8 ha., on the east side of the Gates River 6 miles from Anderson Lake
Population
In 1996, the band had a registered population of 155. In 2001, the band's population had increased 9.7% to 170.Tribal council membership
Unlike most other St'at'imcSt'at'imc
The St'át'imc are an Interior Salish people located in the southern Coast Mountains and Fraser Canyon region of the Interior of the Canadian province of British Columbia.St'át'imc culture displayed many features typical of Northwest Coast peoples: the...
governments it is not a member of the Lillooet Tribal Council
Lillooet Tribal Council
The Lillooet Tribal Council is the official English name of the largest tribal council of what is also known as the St'at'imc Nation, though not including all governments of St'at'imc peoples - the term St'at'imc Nation has another context of all St'at'imc peoples, not just those within this tribal...
, the largest grouping of band governments of the St'at'imc
St'at'imc
The St'át'imc are an Interior Salish people located in the southern Coast Mountains and Fraser Canyon region of the Interior of the Canadian province of British Columbia.St'át'imc culture displayed many features typical of Northwest Coast peoples: the...
people (aka the Lillooet people). Also broken away from the Lillooet Tribal Council are the three bands of the In-SHUCK-ch Nation
In-SHUCK-ch Nation
The In-SHUCK-ch Nation, also known as Lower Lillooet people, are a small First Nations Tribal Council on the lower Lillooet River south of Pemberton-Mount Currie in the Canadian province of British Columbia...
on the lower Lillooet River
Lillooet River
The Lillooet River is a major river of the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia. It begins at Silt Lake, on the southern edge of the Lillooet Crown Icecap about 80 kilometres northwest of Pemberton and about 85 kilometres northwest of Whistler...
and at the head of Harrison Lake
Harrison Lake
Harrison Lake is the largest lake in the southern Coast Mountains of Canada, being about 250 square kilometres in area. It is about 60 km in length and at its widest almost 9 km across. Its southern end, at the resort community of Harrison Hot Springs, is c. 95 km east of...
. The N'quatqua Nation was originally part of the In-SHUCK-ch breakaway group but has since constituted itself separately, despite close family and cultural ties to the other bands of the In-SHUCK-ch and Lillooet Tribal Council. A third tribal council, the Lower Stl'atl'imx Tribal Council
Lower Stl'atl'imx Tribal Council
The Lower Stl'atl'imx Tribal Council is a First Nations tribal council in British Columbia, Canada, comprising four band governments of the St'at'imc people:* N'quat'qua First Nation* Semahquam First Nation* Douglas First Nation...
, incorporates the N'quatqua First Nation with the member nations of In-SHUCK-ch.
History of the Lakes Lillooet
At the farther end of Anderson Lake from Seton PortageSeton Portage, British Columbia
Seton Portage is a historic rural community in British Columbia, Canada, that is about 25 km west of Lillooet, located between Seton Lake and Anderson Lake. "The Portage" was formed about 10,000 years ago when the flank of the Cayoosh Range, which is the south flank of the valley, let go and...
, which is the location of three of the reserve communities of the Seton Lake First Nation
Seton Lake First Nation
The Seton Lake First Nation, aka the Seton Lake Indian Band, is a First Nations government located in the Central Interior-Fraser Canyon region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is a member of the Lillooet Tribal Council, which is the largest grouping of band governments of the...
, aka the Seton Lake Indian Band. Before the Indian reserve system was set in place by the Indian Act, the people of N'Quatqua and those of the various Seton Lake Band communities were considered a separate group within the Lillooet people, known as the Lakes Lillooet, Lx'lx'mx or Lexalexamux (see Chief Hunter Jack
Chief Hunter Jack
Chief Hunter Jack was a 19th C. chief of the Lakes Lillooet . His name in St'at'imcets, the Lillooet language, is cited in one source as Tash Poli....
). In addition to N'quatqua, Nkiat, Slosh, Shalalth, and villages along Seton Lake now abandoned or disused, the foot of Seton Lake was also the territory of the Lakes Lillooet, in particular of the Oleman family. Since the Indian Act it has been under the control of the Lillooet Band, and is run as the public beach for Lillooet and its surrounding reserves and ranches.