Norberto Ramírez
Encyclopedia
Norberto Ramírez Áreas (late 18th century, León, Nicaragua
— 11 July 1856, León, Nicaragua
) was a Nicaraguan
lawyer
and politician
. From 20/23 September 1840 to 7 January 1841 he was the 13th President (called Chief) of El Salvador
, still technically a state in the Federal Republic of Central America
. From 1 April 1849 to 1 April 1851 he was the 24th President
(then called Supreme Director) of independent Nicaragua
.
On 20 September 1840 a revolt of the garrison in San Salvador
led by General Francisco Malespín
forced the resignation of Ramírez's predecessor, Colonel Antonio José Cañas
. (Malespín had intended to rule through Cañas, but Cañas was not agreeable.) After José Damián Villacorta rejected the appointment, Norberto Ramírez took over the government.
In December 1840 a riot broke out in Santiago Nonualco
, led by Petronilo Castro. It was soon suppressed by the government.
The following 7 January, Ramírez turned over the office of head of state to Juan Lindo
.
Norberto Ramírez was the father of Mercedes Ramírez de Meléndez, whose sons Carlos
and Jorge Meléndez
were later presidents of the Republic of El Salvador.
From 1849 through 1851, Ramírez was also president of Nicaragua, his native country. The agreements he signed in 1849 laid the foundations for the future Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
(signed 19 April 1850 in Washington, D.C.
), under which the United States justified interference in Nicaragua's internal affairs.
León, Nicaragua
León is a department in northwestern Nicaragua . It is also the second largest city in Nicaragua, after Managua. It was founded by the Spaniards as Santiago de los Caballeros de León and rivals Granada, Nicaragua, in the number of historic Spanish colonial homes and churches...
— 11 July 1856, León, Nicaragua
León, Nicaragua
León is a department in northwestern Nicaragua . It is also the second largest city in Nicaragua, after Managua. It was founded by the Spaniards as Santiago de los Caballeros de León and rivals Granada, Nicaragua, in the number of historic Spanish colonial homes and churches...
) was a Nicaraguan
Nicaraguan
Nicaraguans are people inhabiting in, originating or having significant heritage from Nicaragua. Most Nicaraguans live in Nicaragua, although there is also a significant Nicaraguan diaspora, particularly in Costa Rica and the United States with smaller communities in other countries around the world...
lawyer
Lawyer
A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel or solicitor; a person who is practicing law." Law is the system of rules of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain the stability of political...
and politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
. From 20/23 September 1840 to 7 January 1841 he was the 13th President (called Chief) of El Salvador
El Salvador
El Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...
, still technically a state in the Federal Republic of Central America
Federal Republic of Central America
The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...
. From 1 April 1849 to 1 April 1851 he was the 24th President
President of Nicaragua
The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
(then called Supreme Director) of independent Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
.
On 20 September 1840 a revolt of the garrison in San Salvador
San Salvador
The city of San Salvador the capital and largest city of El Salvador, which has been designated a Gamma World City. Its complete name is La Ciudad de Gran San Salvador...
led by General Francisco Malespín
Francisco Malespín
General Francisco Malespín Herrera was the president of El Salvador from 7 February 1844 to 15 February 1845.-References:...
forced the resignation of Ramírez's predecessor, Colonel Antonio José Cañas
Antonio José Cañas
Antonio José Cañas Quintanilla was a Salvadoran military officer, diplomat, and politician. For two brief periods he was head of state of the State of El Salvador, within the Federal Republic of Central America ....
. (Malespín had intended to rule through Cañas, but Cañas was not agreeable.) After José Damián Villacorta rejected the appointment, Norberto Ramírez took over the government.
In December 1840 a riot broke out in Santiago Nonualco
Santiago Nonualco
Santiago Nonualco is a municipality in La Paz department of El Salvador."Nonualco" means tribe of mutes in the native Nahuat language. There are three "Nonualcos" in the area, the other two are San Juan Nonualco and San Pedro Nonualco....
, led by Petronilo Castro. It was soon suppressed by the government.
The following 7 January, Ramírez turned over the office of head of state to Juan Lindo
Juan Lindo
Juan Nepomuceno Fernández Lindo y Zelaya was a Conservative Central American politician, president of the Republic of El Salvador from 1841 to 1842 and of the Republic of Honduras from 1847 to 1852.-Background:Lindo was born into a landholding family...
.
Norberto Ramírez was the father of Mercedes Ramírez de Meléndez, whose sons Carlos
Carlos Meléndez (politician)
Carlos Meléndez Ramirez was President of El Salvador 9 February 1913 - 29 August 1914 and 1 March 1915 - 21 December 1918....
and Jorge Meléndez
Jorge Meléndez
Jorge Meléndez Ramírez was born in San Salvador, El Salvador to Rafael Meléndez and Mercedes Ramírez. His wife was Tula Mazzini, and they had three children: Jorge , María de los Angeles, and Ricardo.He served as President of El Salvador from 1 March 1919 to 1 March 1923....
were later presidents of the Republic of El Salvador.
From 1849 through 1851, Ramírez was also president of Nicaragua, his native country. The agreements he signed in 1849 laid the foundations for the future Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
The Clayton–Bulwer Treaty was a treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom, negotiated in 1850 by John M. Clayton and Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, later Lord Dalling...
(signed 19 April 1850 in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
), under which the United States justified interference in Nicaragua's internal affairs.