Norrköping
Encyclopedia
Norrköping ˈnɔrːˈɕøːpɪŋ is a city
in the province
of Östergötland
in eastern Sweden
and the seat of Norrköping Municipality
, Östergötland County
. The city has a population of 87,247 inhabitants in 2010, out of a municipal total of 130,050, making it Sweden's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality.
The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström
, at Bråviken
, an inlet of the Baltic Sea
. Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its textile
industry. It has several nicknames such as: "Sweden's Manchester
", "Peking" and "Surbullestan" (Surbulle [sour bun] was a local nickname for the textile workers, and stan is short for Staden, which means The City or The Town in Swedish)
s around the Norrköping twin city with Linköping Motala stream estuary, who used the falls and rapids to power their mills. The stream was also full of fish such as salmon
. Exact dates are uncertain, but there are mentions of a church in the 12th century. It was dedicated to Saint Olaf, Norway's patron
.
The first trace of the city's name is from 1283, when wealthy David Appelgren - [Lord of Östergötland] - donated his rights of salmon fishing to the Skänninge
monastery. The town is estimated to have received city status
in the early 14th century, although no written documents exist prior to a document from 1384. This document, signed by Albrekt of Sweden is stored in the city archive today. Köping
means there was a market there.
The city was the location of several battles in the ensuing centuries. As a consequence, nothing of the medieval Norrköping remains today. During the Northern Seven Years' War
(1563–1570), the entire southern part of Norrköping was burnt. It was rebuilt by John III of Sweden
, who designed the current street pattern.
In 1618, a weapon industry was established by supervision of Gustavus Adolphus. The harbour also attracted ships due to its proximity to the industries of Finspång
. In addition to the weapon industry, a large scale industry of textile
was also initiated. An important benefactor was the industrial man Louis De Geer (1587-1652)
. At De Geer's death, Norrköping had 6,000 inhabitants and was Sweden's second largest city.
The city again burnt in 1655, and again in 1719 during the Great Northern War
when the Russians burnt it to the ground. Stones from the Johannisborg castle were used to build new houses, and today only a few stones remain.
During the 18th century it was rebuilt and several industries soon got a stronghold: In the 1740s, Norrköping boosted three sugar refineries; in the 1750s the large scale influential snus
industry was established. From this time stems the city churches of Saint Olof and Saint Hedvig, and several other old houses.
Norrköping's importance again flourished. In 1769 the Swedish Riksdag
assembled there. In 1800 the king Gustav IV of Sweden was crowned in the Church of Saint Olof.
The city again suffered fires in 1822 and 1826. Thereafter wooden houses were banned. In 1841 a ship industry was initiated as a branch of Motala Verkstad in Motala
. In 1850 the industry had over 600 employees making it Sweden's largest ship industry at the time. During the remaining 19th century, the industries kept expanding. The area by the Motala Stream was developed further with the construction of a cotton
refinery, and a paper mill
was constructed in 1854, specializing in newspaper, and is still today exporting to customers around the world.
The industry, including textile manufacturers, also expanded into the 20th century. In 1950 a total of 54 factories had 6,600 employees in town. By 1956, however, 18 of them had been closed due to competition from countries abroad with lower wages, such as Italy
and Japan
. In 1970 only 10 factories and 1,200 employees remained. In that year, the renowned Holmen
paper mill, with its 350 years long history, announced closure, and another 900 people were let go. To counter the effects, several governmental authorities were relocated to Norrköping from Stockholm
. See also Braviken Paper Mill
.
As of 2002, Norrköping is now seeing a revival, as a center of culture and education. The Norrköping symbol represents the "new" Norrköping.
In the summer, there is a cactus plantation in Carl Johans Park. 25,000 cactuses are planted there every summer.
Kolmårdens Djurpark is a zoo located 30 km north of Norrköping. In connection to the large outdoor zoo, there is also Tropicariet, an aquarium, where for example snakes, crocodiles and sharks can be seen.
The archipelagos 50 km away from Norrköping are called St Anna and Gryt.
A campus of Linköping University
, its own symphonic orchestra, an airport called Kungsängen with 170,000 traveling (2006), a high-tech industry park called Norrköping Science Park, and Petroglyphs from the Nordic Bronze Age
.
has its headquarters in Norrköping. When the Civil Aviation Administration existed, its head office was in Norrköping. Norrköping is one of two Swedish cities (the other being Gothenburg) that retained its tram system after the 1967 conversion to right-hand drive, see Norrköping Tramway
.
Urban areas in Sweden
Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English, used by Statistics Sweden, is, however, locality. There are 1,940 localities in Sweden . They could be compared with census-designated places in the United States.A tätort in Sweden has a minimum of...
in the province
Provinces of Sweden
The provinces of Sweden, landskap, are historical, geographical and cultural regions. Sweden has 25 provinces and they have no administrative function, but remain historical legacies and the means of cultural identification....
of Östergötland
Östergötland
Östergötland, English exonym: East Gothland, is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden in the south of Sweden. It borders Småland, Västergötland, Närke, Södermanland, and the Baltic Sea. In older English literature, one might also encounter the Latinized version, Ostrogothia...
in eastern Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
and the seat of Norrköping Municipality
Norrköping Municipality
Norrköping Municipality is a municipality in Östergötland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Norrköping, with some 90,000 inhabitants....
, Östergötland County
Östergötland County
Östergötland County is a county or län in southeastern Sweden. It borders the counties of Kalmar to the southeast, Jönköping to the southwest, Västra Götaland to the west, Örebro to the northwest, Södermanland to the northeast, and the Baltic Sea to the east.Östergötland County has a population of...
. The city has a population of 87,247 inhabitants in 2010, out of a municipal total of 130,050, making it Sweden's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality.
The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström
Motala ström
Motala ström is the river system that drains lake Vättern, the second largest lake in Sweden, into the Baltic Sea in Norrköping. It is named from the city Motala where it begins. In the early 19th century, the Göta Canal was constructed in parallel with Motala ström....
, at Bråviken
Bråviken
Bråviken is a bay of the Baltic sea that is located near Norrköping in Östergötland, Sweden....
, an inlet of the Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and...
. Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its textile
Textile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...
industry. It has several nicknames such as: "Sweden's Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
", "Peking" and "Surbullestan" (Surbulle [sour bun] was a local nickname for the textile workers, and stan is short for Staden, which means The City or The Town in Swedish)
History
The city has medieval foundations by settlerSettler
A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. Settlers are generally people who take up residence on land and cultivate it, as opposed to nomads...
s around the Norrköping twin city with Linköping Motala stream estuary, who used the falls and rapids to power their mills. The stream was also full of fish such as salmon
Salmon
Salmon is the common name for several species of fish in the family Salmonidae. Several other fish in the same family are called trout; the difference is often said to be that salmon migrate and trout are resident, but this distinction does not strictly hold true...
. Exact dates are uncertain, but there are mentions of a church in the 12th century. It was dedicated to Saint Olaf, Norway's patron
Patrón
Patrón is a luxury brand of tequila produced in Mexico and sold in hand-blown, individually numbered bottles.Made entirely from Blue Agave "piñas" , Patrón comes in five varieties: Silver, Añejo, Reposado, Gran Patrón Platinum and Gran Patrón Burdeos. Patrón also sells a tequila-coffee blend known...
.
The first trace of the city's name is from 1283, when wealthy David Appelgren - [Lord of Östergötland] - donated his rights of salmon fishing to the Skänninge
Skänninge
Skänninge is a locality situated in Mjölby Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 3,242 inhabitants in 2005. It lies about 10 km north of the municipal seat Mjölby....
monastery. The town is estimated to have received city status
City status in Sweden
Stad is a Swedish term which nominally means town but can also encompass the English word "city". Since 1971 stad has had no administrative or legal significance in Sweden and there exists no commonly accepted definition of the term.-History :...
in the early 14th century, although no written documents exist prior to a document from 1384. This document, signed by Albrekt of Sweden is stored in the city archive today. Köping
Köping
This article deals with the Swedish denomination for a market town. For the city, see Köping, Sweden. For the municipality, see Köping Municipality....
means there was a market there.
The city was the location of several battles in the ensuing centuries. As a consequence, nothing of the medieval Norrköping remains today. During the Northern Seven Years' War
Northern Seven Years' War
The Northern Seven Years' War was the war between Kingdom of Sweden and a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Lübeck and the Polish–Lithuanian union, fought between 1563 and 1570...
(1563–1570), the entire southern part of Norrköping was burnt. It was rebuilt by John III of Sweden
John III of Sweden
-Family:John married his first wife, Catherine Jagellonica of Poland , house of Jagiello, in Vilnius on 4 October 1562. In Sweden, she is known as Katarina Jagellonica. She was the sister of king Sigismund II Augustus of Poland...
, who designed the current street pattern.
In 1618, a weapon industry was established by supervision of Gustavus Adolphus. The harbour also attracted ships due to its proximity to the industries of Finspång
Finspång
Finspång is a locality and the seat of Finspång Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 12,415 inhabitants in 2005.-Overview:Finspång is a traditional industrial town. The first industries were established in 1580 when a Royal factory for cannon and cannon balls was chartered. The industry...
. In addition to the weapon industry, a large scale industry of textile
Textile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...
was also initiated. An important benefactor was the industrial man Louis De Geer (1587-1652)
Louis De Geer (1587-1652)
Louis De Geer was a Walloon/Dutch merchant and industrialist. He is considered the father of Swedish industry for introducing Walloon blast furnaces in Sweden...
. At De Geer's death, Norrköping had 6,000 inhabitants and was Sweden's second largest city.
The city again burnt in 1655, and again in 1719 during the Great Northern War
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in northern Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of...
when the Russians burnt it to the ground. Stones from the Johannisborg castle were used to build new houses, and today only a few stones remain.
During the 18th century it was rebuilt and several industries soon got a stronghold: In the 1740s, Norrköping boosted three sugar refineries; in the 1750s the large scale influential snus
Snus
Snus , or Swedish snuff, is a moist powder tobacco product originated from a variant of dry snuff in the early 19th century in Sweden, consumed by placing it under the lip for extended periods of time. The precursor of snus, the dry form of snuff inhaled through the nose, was introduced in Europe...
industry was established. From this time stems the city churches of Saint Olof and Saint Hedvig, and several other old houses.
Norrköping's importance again flourished. In 1769 the Swedish Riksdag
Parliament of Sweden
The Riksdag is the national legislative assembly of Sweden. The riksdag is a unicameral assembly with 349 members , who are elected on a proportional basis to serve fixed terms of four years...
assembled there. In 1800 the king Gustav IV of Sweden was crowned in the Church of Saint Olof.
The city again suffered fires in 1822 and 1826. Thereafter wooden houses were banned. In 1841 a ship industry was initiated as a branch of Motala Verkstad in Motala
Motala
Motala is a locality and the seat of Motala Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 29,798 inhabitants in 2005. It is the third largest city of Östergötland, following Linköping and Norrköping...
. In 1850 the industry had over 600 employees making it Sweden's largest ship industry at the time. During the remaining 19th century, the industries kept expanding. The area by the Motala Stream was developed further with the construction of a cotton
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
refinery, and a paper mill
Paper mill
A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier machine or other type of paper machine.- History :...
was constructed in 1854, specializing in newspaper, and is still today exporting to customers around the world.
The industry, including textile manufacturers, also expanded into the 20th century. In 1950 a total of 54 factories had 6,600 employees in town. By 1956, however, 18 of them had been closed due to competition from countries abroad with lower wages, such as Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
and Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. In 1970 only 10 factories and 1,200 employees remained. In that year, the renowned Holmen
Holmen
Holmen is a Swedish company which bases its business in the pulp and paper industry. Holmen's main products are newsprint and magazine paper for newspapers, magazines, directories and advertising prints...
paper mill, with its 350 years long history, announced closure, and another 900 people were let go. To counter the effects, several governmental authorities were relocated to Norrköping from Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
. See also Braviken Paper Mill
Braviken Paper Mill
Braviken Paper Mill is a paper mill located outside Bråviken, Norrköping, in Sweden. It is owned by Holmen Paper, which in turn is a subsidiary of Holmen....
.
As of 2002, Norrköping is now seeing a revival, as a center of culture and education. The Norrköping symbol represents the "new" Norrköping.
Main sights
The Motala ström river flows through the city has a parade annexed. In connection to the latter is the industrial landscape where the old textile industries once where situated.In the summer, there is a cactus plantation in Carl Johans Park. 25,000 cactuses are planted there every summer.
Kolmårdens Djurpark is a zoo located 30 km north of Norrköping. In connection to the large outdoor zoo, there is also Tropicariet, an aquarium, where for example snakes, crocodiles and sharks can be seen.
The archipelagos 50 km away from Norrköping are called St Anna and Gryt.
A campus of Linköping University
Linköping University
Linköping University is a state university in Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University was granted full university status in 1975 and is now one of Sweden's larger academic institutions. Education, research and PhD training are the mission of four faculties: Arts and Sciences, Educational...
, its own symphonic orchestra, an airport called Kungsängen with 170,000 traveling (2006), a high-tech industry park called Norrköping Science Park, and Petroglyphs from the Nordic Bronze Age
Nordic Bronze Age
The Nordic Bronze Age is the name given by Oscar Montelius to a period and a Bronze Age culture in Scandinavian pre-history, c. 1700-500 BC, with sites that reached as far east as Estonia. Succeeding the Late Neolithic culture, its ethnic and linguistic affinities are unknown in the absence of...
.
Notable natives
- Hannes AlfvénHannes AlfvénHannes Olof Gösta Alfvén was a Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on magnetohydrodynamics . He described the class of MHD waves now known as Alfvén waves...
- physicist, Nobel Prize winner - Moa MartinsonMoa MartinsonHelga Maria Swarts, known as Moa Martinson, was a Swedish author. Helga's ambitions as a writer was to change the society and with her authorship portray the conditions of the working-class but also the personal development of women...
- author - LaaksoLaakso (band)Laakso is an indie pop band formed 2001 in Sweden. All their records have been produced by Jari Haapalainen.-Studio albums:*2003: I miss you - I'm pregnant*2005: My Gods*2007: Mother Am I Good Looking?*2007 Mämmilä Rock-EPs:*2003: Long Beach EP...
- music group - Michael B. TretowMichael B. TretowBo Michael Tretow is a swedish record producer and audio engineer, Musician and composer, best known for his work with Swedish pop group ABBA , and with the musical Chess. Tretow experimented with different recording techniques, and played an essential part in creating the famous "ABBA-sound"...
- producer and audio engineer - Ture NermanTure NermanTure Nerman was a Swedish socialist. As a journalist and author, he was a well-known political activist in his time. He also wrote poems and songs.Nerman was a vegetarian and a strict teetotaler...
- poet and socialist politician - Peter HarrysonPeter HarrysonJohn Peter Kaj Harryson is a Swedish actor, singer and entertainer from Norrköping, Östergötland. He is the son of actor John Harryson ....
- actor, entertainer - Pernilla WibergPernilla WibergPernilla Wiberg is a Swedish former alpine ski racer, who competed on the World Cup circuit between 1990 and 2002. On club level, she represented Norrköpings SK.-Career:...
- alpine skier, double Olympic gold medalist - SlagsmålsklubbenSlagsmålsklubbenSlagsmålsklubben are a Swedish electronic group from Norrköping, Östergötland. The group's name is a comically literal Swedish translation of the title of the novel and film Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk. They have released three studio albums so far...
- electronic popgroup - Malin BaryardMalin BaryardMalin Baryard is a Swedish equestrian, competing in show jumping. Baryard started to ride at the age of six and went on to be a very accomplished show jumper. She won a gold medal in the Swedish Championships at the age of just 14...
- horse rider - EldkvarnEldkvarn (band)Eldkvarn is a Swedish rock band formed in Norrköping in 1971, consisting of brothers Plura Jonsson and Carla Jonsson . The third original member is the bass player Tony Thorén, who has produced a number of albums by Eldkvarn, as well as other artists...
- music group - MardukMarduk (band)Marduk is a black metal band from Norrköping, Sweden. The band formed in 1990 and released their first record in 1991. Their name is derived from the Babylonian god Marduk, patron deity of Babylon.-Musical style:...
- music group - Amy DiamondAmy DiamondAmy Diamond is a Swedish pop singer, actress and television presenter. She is known for her single "What's in It for Me" and album This Is Me Now which were released when she was 12 years old. The song was a 2005 hit in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland. It was the most-played song in Poland...
- singer - 23 Till23 Till23 Till is a Swedish punk rock band consisting of Janne Abrahamsson , Micke Pihlblad and Pär Andersson . Formed in Norrköping in the middle of Sweden around 1985, they became one of the acts on the Swedish music underground scene in the 90s. Their last record was released 1995, and except a short...
- music group - Elin GrindemyrElin GrindemyrElin Grindemyr is a model from Sweden. Her first appearance was in the Swedish men's magazine Slitz in the September 2003 issue as a contender for "Annual Sexiest Girlfriend"...
- model - Magnus Pääjärvi-Svensson - NHL hockey player
- John Karlsson - Musician (Current rhythm guitarist for the Canadian Band The Regal Beagle Band)
Sports
- IFK NorrköpingIFK NorrköpingIFK Norrköping is a Swedish football club based in Norrköping. The club, formed on 29 May 1897, is currently playing in the first division of Swedish football, Allsvenskan...
(Association football) - Assyriska Föreningen i NorrköpingAssyriska Föreningen i NorrköpingAssyriska Föreningen i Norrköping, abbreviated Assyriska IF, is a Swedish football club located in Norrköping.-Background:Assyriska IF were founded in 1977 to serve the Assyrian community in Norrköping...
(Association football) - Azech SFAzech SFAzech SF is a Swedish football club located in Norrköping. -Background:Azech SF currently plays in Division 4 Östergötland Östra which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Idrottsparken in Norrköping....
(Association football) - Chile Unido IFChile Unido IFChile Unido IF is a Swedish football club located in Norrköping. -Background:Chile Unido IF is a club with close roots to Chile. The club currently plays in Division 4 Östergötland Östra which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Sydvallen in Norrköping....
(Association football) - Eneby BKEneby BKEneby BK is a Swedish football club located in Norrköping. -Background:Eneby BK currently plays in Division 4 Östergötland Östra which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Fyrby in Norrköping....
(Association football) - Hagahöjdens BKHagahöjdens BKHagahöjdens BK is a Swedish football club located in Norrköping.-Background:Hagahöjdens BK currently plays in Division 4 Östergötland Östra which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Himmelstalund Norra in Norrköping....
(Association football) - Lindö FFLindö FFLindö FF is a Swedish football club located in Norrköping.-Background:Lindö FF currently plays in Division 4 Östergötland Östra which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the City Gross arena in Norrköping....
(Association football) - Norrköpings IF BosnaNorrköpings IF BosnaNorrköpings IF Bosna is a Swedish football club located in Norrköping.-Background:Norrköpings IF Bosna is a club with roots with Bosnia. The club currently plays in Division 4 Östergötland Östra which is the sixth tier of Swedish football...
(Association football) - Syrianska KFSyrianska KFSyrianska KF is a Swedish football club located in Norrköping. -Background:Syrianska KF currently plays in Division 4 Östergötland Östra which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Navestad IP in Norrköping....
(Association football) - Norrköping DolphinsNorrköping DolphinsNorrköping Dolphins is a basketball team from Norrköping, SwedenHead CoachKelly Grant-Depth chart:...
(BasketballBasketballBasketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
) - HC Vita Hästen (Ice hockeyIce hockeyIce hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
) - Vargarna (SpeedwayMotorcycle speedwayMotorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise laps of an oval circuit. Speedway motorcycles use only one gear and have no brakes and racing takes place on a flat oval track usually...
) - Norrköpings KKNorrköpings KKNorrköpings KK is a Swedish swim team from Norrköping, founded September 7, 1919. The most well-known swimmers are the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal winner Björn Borg and Olympic silver medallist Tina Gustafsson.-External links:*...
(SwimmingSwimming (sport)Swimming is a sport governed by the Fédération Internationale de Natation .-History: Competitive swimming in Europe began around 1800 BCE, mostly in the form of the freestyle. In 1873 Steve Bowyer introduced the trudgen to Western swimming competitions, after copying the front crawl used by Native...
) - Norrköpings Rugby Klubb NRK Trojan (RugbyRugby footballRugby football is a style of football named after Rugby School in the United Kingdom. It is seen most prominently in two current sports, rugby league and rugby union.-History:...
)
Government and infrastructure
The Swedish Transport AgencySwedish Transport Agency
-External links:**...
has its headquarters in Norrköping. When the Civil Aviation Administration existed, its head office was in Norrköping. Norrköping is one of two Swedish cities (the other being Gothenburg) that retained its tram system after the 1967 conversion to right-hand drive, see Norrköping Tramway
Norrköping tramway
The Norrköping tramway network is a system of trams forming a principal part of the public transport services in Norrköping, Sweden. It has been in service since 1904, and is, along with the larger Göteborg Tramway, one of only two city-centre tramways in Sweden that survived the switch to...
.