North German baroque organ in Örgryte Nya Kyrka
Encyclopedia
The North German baroque organ in Örgryte Nya Kyrka is a pipe organ in Gothenburg
, Sweden
. It was built within a research project at GOArt
, University of Gothenburg and dedicated on August 12, 2000. The goal of the project was to recreate the construction techniques and design philosophies of 17th century German organbuilder Arp Schnitger
. Even though the instrument was built in the style of this single builder it was not modeled after a single instrument. No single model could be used since no large Schnitger organ has been preserved in original condition. The construction of the organ was carried out by an international team of organ builders. Henk van Eeken was responsible for the design and the technical drawings, Munetaka Yokota for the pipe work and Mats Arvidsson oversaw the building process. The instruments contains almost 4000 pipes and is the largest existing organ tuned in quarter-comma meantone
.
in St. Jacobi (St James's), Hamburg
while the façade and the console
were based on the organ in Lübeck Cathedral
. The bellows were designed after the organ in the Grote Kerk (Great Church), Zwolle
while the key action was modeled after the organ in St. Laurent's church in Alkmaar
.
in Örgryte is based on the console from Lübeck Cathedral, the only preserved console from a large Schnitger organ. Since the Lübeck instrument only had three manuals
and the Örgryte has four, the concept had to be expanded.
in St. Jacobi, Hamburg so a different model had to be found. The solution chosen was to use the design of the Schnitger organ in Lübeck Cathedral. Since that organ was destroyed in firebombing of Lübeck on Palm Sunday 1942, it had to be reconstructed from photographs using photogrammetrical methods
. The case was placed as close as possible to the wall to shorten the distance the air must travel from the bellows room and to increase acoustical reflection.
A new balcony had to be constructed to support the organ case. It was designed by architect Ulf Oldaeus, based on a number of historical models, mainly the balconies of St. Nicolai und Martini in Steinkirchen, Lower Saxony
.
The windchests were based on those of Hamburg St. Jacobi, but were slightly modified to fit into the Örgryte case. Some modification also had to be made to accommodate the extra pipes for the sub-semitones.
and the pitch is a’ = 465 Hz.
Gothenburg
Gothenburg is the second-largest city in Sweden and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated on the west coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of 519,399, with 549,839 in the urban area and total of 937,015 inhabitants in the metropolitan area...
, Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
. It was built within a research project at GOArt
GOArt
GOArt is a research center based in Gothenburg, Sweden. The institute conducts research in organ building and organ performance from a wide variety of angles....
, University of Gothenburg and dedicated on August 12, 2000. The goal of the project was to recreate the construction techniques and design philosophies of 17th century German organbuilder Arp Schnitger
Arp Schnitger
Arp Schnitger was a highly influential German organ builder. He was primarily active in Northern Europe, especially the Netherlands and Germany, where a number of his instruments survive to the present day; his organs can also be found as far away as Portugal and Brazil.Notable examples still in...
. Even though the instrument was built in the style of this single builder it was not modeled after a single instrument. No single model could be used since no large Schnitger organ has been preserved in original condition. The construction of the organ was carried out by an international team of organ builders. Henk van Eeken was responsible for the design and the technical drawings, Munetaka Yokota for the pipe work and Mats Arvidsson oversaw the building process. The instruments contains almost 4000 pipes and is the largest existing organ tuned in quarter-comma meantone
Quarter-comma meantone
Quarter-comma meantone, or 1/4-comma meantone, was the most common meantone temperament in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and was sometimes used later. This method is a variant of Pythagorean tuning...
.
Design
The design of the instrument was the result of the study of several historic organs. The pipework and disposition was largely based on the Schnitger organSchnitger organ (Hamburg)
The Arp Schnitger organ in St. Jacobi Church, Hamburg, , one of the five Hauptkirchen of Hamburg, is a world-famous monument of North-German organ building, and the largest surviving baroque organ in Northern Europe....
in St. Jacobi (St James's), Hamburg
St. Jacobi, Hamburg
The St. Jacobi church is one of the five principal Lutheran churches of Hamburg, Germany. The church is located directly in the city center, has a 125 m tall tower and features a famous organ by Arp Schnitger from 1693. It is dedicated to St James the Greater and often incorrectly known in English...
while the façade and the console
Organ console
thumb|right|250px|The console of the [[Wanamaker Organ]] in the Macy's department store in [[Philadelphia]], featuring six manuals and colour-coded stop tabs....
were based on the organ in Lübeck Cathedral
Lübeck Cathedral
The Lübeck Cathedral is a large brick Lutheran cathedral in Lübeck, Germany and part of Lübeck's world heritage. It was started in 1173 by Henry the Lion as a cathedral for the Bishop of Lübeck. It was partly destroyed in a bombing raid in World War II , and later reconstructed. The organ by Arp...
. The bellows were designed after the organ in the Grote Kerk (Great Church), Zwolle
Zwolle
Zwolle is a municipality and the capital city of the province of Overijssel, Netherlands, 120 kilometers northeast of Amsterdam. Zwolle has about 120,000 citizens.-History:...
while the key action was modeled after the organ in St. Laurent's church in Alkmaar
Alkmaar
Alkmaar is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of Noord Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination.-History:...
.
Console and action
The consoleOrgan console
thumb|right|250px|The console of the [[Wanamaker Organ]] in the Macy's department store in [[Philadelphia]], featuring six manuals and colour-coded stop tabs....
in Örgryte is based on the console from Lübeck Cathedral, the only preserved console from a large Schnitger organ. Since the Lübeck instrument only had three manuals
Manual (music)
A manual is a keyboard designed to be played with the hands on a pipe organ, harpsichord, clavichord, electronic organ, or synthesizer. The term "manual" is used with regard to any hand keyboard on these instruments to distinguish it from the pedalboard, which is a keyboard that the organist plays...
and the Örgryte has four, the concept had to be expanded.
Pipe work
The pipework was built with the St. Jakobi organ as the model (with very few exceptions). However, that instrument has been revoiced a number of times, so complementary studies had to be made of well-preserved pipes of other organs.Case
The west wall of Örgryte Nya Kyrka was too small to fit a copy of the 32' façadeFacade
A facade or façade is generally one exterior side of a building, usually, but not always, the front. The word comes from the French language, literally meaning "frontage" or "face"....
in St. Jacobi, Hamburg so a different model had to be found. The solution chosen was to use the design of the Schnitger organ in Lübeck Cathedral. Since that organ was destroyed in firebombing of Lübeck on Palm Sunday 1942, it had to be reconstructed from photographs using photogrammetrical methods
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the practice of determining the geometric properties of objects from photographic images. Photogrammetry is as old as modern photography and can be dated to the mid-nineteenth century....
. The case was placed as close as possible to the wall to shorten the distance the air must travel from the bellows room and to increase acoustical reflection.
A new balcony had to be constructed to support the organ case. It was designed by architect Ulf Oldaeus, based on a number of historical models, mainly the balconies of St. Nicolai und Martini in Steinkirchen, Lower Saxony
Steinkirchen, Lower Saxony
Steinkirchen is a municipality in the district of Stade, Lower Saxony, Germany.It belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian...
.
Wind system
The organs built by Arp Schnitger had a higher number of bellows per instrument than many other builders of his time. In his larger instruments it was not uncommon to have 12 or even 16 bellows. Since the Schnitger organ in Zwolle is the only one with a well-preserved original bellows system it was used as the model for the Örgryte organ. For practical reasons it was decided to include an electrical blower as an option to pumping the bellows manually.The windchests were based on those of Hamburg St. Jacobi, but were slightly modified to fit into the Örgryte case. Some modification also had to be made to accommodate the extra pipes for the sub-semitones.
Disposition
The organ has 54 stops divided between 4 manuals and pedals. It is tuned in quarter-comma meantoneQuarter-comma meantone
Quarter-comma meantone, or 1/4-comma meantone, was the most common meantone temperament in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and was sometimes used later. This method is a variant of Pythagorean tuning...
and the pitch is a’ = 465 Hz.
| Werck CDEFGA-c3 | Oberpositiv CDEFGA-c3 | Rückpositiv CDE-c3 | Brustpositiv CDEFGA-c3 | Pedal C-d1 |
| Principal 16' (AS) | Principal 8' (AS) | Principal 8' (AS) | Principal 8' (Fri) | Principal 16' (AS) |
| Quintaden 16' (Fri/AS) | Hollfloit 8' (AS) | Quintadena 8' (Sch?/Fri/AS) | Octav 4' (Sch?/Fri?) | SubBass 16' (AS) |
| Octav 8' (Sch/AS) | Rohrfloit 8' (AS) | Gedact 8' (Sch) | Hollfloit 4' (AS) | Octav 8' (AS) |
| Spitzfloit 8' (AS) | Spitzfloit 4' (AS) | Octava 4' (Fri/AS) | Waldtfloit 2' (AS) | Octav 4'(AS) |
| Octav 4' (Sch/AS) | Octav 4' (Sch/Fri?) | Blockfloit 4' (Sch) | Sesquialter 2f. (Fri) | Rauschpfeiffe 3f. (AS) |
| Super Octav 2' (AS) | Nassat 3' (AS) | Octav 2' (Fri) | Scharff 4–6f. (AS) | Mixtur 6–8f. (Fri) |
| Rauschpfeiff 2f. (Sch/AS) | Gemshorn 2' (Sch) | Quer Floit 2' (Fri) | Dulcian 8' (AS) | Posaunen 32’ (from F) (AS) |
| Mixtur 6–8f. (Fr) | Octav 2' (Fri) | Sieffloit 1½ (Fri) | Trechter Regal 8' (AS) | Posaunen 16’ (AS) |
| Trommet 16' (AS) | Scharff 6f. (Fri) | Sexquialt 2f. (Fr) | Dulcian 16' (AS) | |
| Cimbel 3f. (Fr) | Scharff 4–6f. (Fri) | Trommet 8' (AS) | ||
| Trommet 8' (AS) | Dulcian 16' (Fri) | Trommet 4' (AS) | ||
| Vox Humana 8' (AS) | Bahrpfeiff 8' (AS/FCS) | Cornet 2’ (AS) | ||
| Zincke 8' (from f0) (based on Appingedam) | ||||
| In the style of: AS = Arp Schnitger Arp Schnitger Arp Schnitger was a highly influential German organ builder. He was primarily active in Northern Europe, especially the Netherlands and Germany, where a number of his instruments survive to the present day; his organs can also be found as far away as Portugal and Brazil.Notable examples still in... , FCS = Franz Caspar Schnitger, Fri = Gottfried Fritzsche, Sch= Scherer Scherer Scherer, Schierer and Scherrer is a Christian, Swiss/German and Ashkenazic Jewish surname, and may refer to:- People :* Alfredo Scherer , Brazilian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church* Axel Scherer American physicist... family |
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