Návsí
Encyclopedia
is a village in Frýdek-Místek District
, Moravian-Silesian Region
of the Czech Republic
. It has a population of 3,765 (2001 census); 24% of the population are Poles
.
It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia
, on the both banks of the Olza River
, between Silesian
and Moravian-Silesian Beskids
mountain ranges. Mountain meadow of Filipka lies just north of the village. It offers great view of the Olza River valley and peaks of Moravian-Silesian Beskids.
Nawsie was originally a part of Old Jabłonków, but nearby a new settlement emerged (Jabłonków) and Nawsie became a separate village. The village is first mentioned as Nawsie in a written document in 1577. Beginnings of the village can be traced much earlier. In 1435 Wacław I, Duke of Cieszyn gave a privilege to Paweł Sikora to establish a farming community. Návsí lies on the old trade route going from today's Slovakia
to Cieszyn
, thus offering good trading opportunities. Craftsmen began to settle in the village. However, village's location had also negative consequences, frequent marches of various armies and frequent Olza floodings caused that in the second half of the 17th century almost one third inhabitants left the village. Sikora family managed the village to 19th century. In 1791 a wooden Protestant church was built, bricked one in 1820. Village developed quickly after 1871 construction of Kassa-Oderberg railway line
which runs through the village. Large railway station was built here.
According to the Austrian
census of 1910 the village had 2,249 inhabitants, 2,188 of whom had permanent residence there. The census asked people for their native language, 2,114 (96.6%) were Polish-speaking and 62 (2.8%) were German-speaking. The most populous religious groups were Protestants with 1,449 (64.4%) and Roman Catholics with 783 (34.8%).
In 1914 Polish Marshall Józef Piłsudski spent with his legions his first World War I
Christmas Eve at the parish of local Protestant church.
After the division of Cieszyn Silesia
in 1920, the village became part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement
, in October 1938, Návsí and the whole Zaolzie
region was annexed by Poland
. The village was then annexed by Nazi Germany
at the beginning of World War II
. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.
From 1960 to 1994 it was administratively a part of Jablunkov
.
Frýdek-Místek District
Frýdek-Místek District is a district within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Its administrative center is the city of Frýdek-Místek. It was created by 1960 reform of administrative divisions...
, Moravian-Silesian Region
Moravian-Silesian Region
Moravian-Silesian Region , or Moravo-Silesian Region, is one of 14 administrative Regions of the Czech Republic, until May 2001 it was formerly called the Ostrava Region . The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the...
of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. It has a population of 3,765 (2001 census); 24% of the population are Poles
Polish minority in the Czech Republic
The Polish minority in the Czech Republic is a Polish national minority living mainly in the Zaolzie region of western Cieszyn Silesia. The Polish community is the only national minority in the Czech Republic that is linked to a specific geographical area. Zaolzie is located in the north-eastern...
.
It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic...
, on the both banks of the Olza River
Olza River
is a river in Poland and the Czech Republic, the right tributary of the Oder River. It flows from the Silesian Beskids through southern Cieszyn Silesia in Poland and Frýdek-Místek and Karviná districts of the Czech Republic, often forming the border with Poland. It flows into the Oder River north...
, between Silesian
Silesian Beskids
Silesian Beskids is one of the Beskids mountain ranges in Outer Western Carpathians in southern Silesian Voivodeship, Poland and the eastern Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic.Most of the range lies in Poland...
and Moravian-Silesian Beskids
Moravian-Silesian Beskids
The Moravian-Silesian Beskids is a mountain range in the Czech Republic with a small part reaching to Slovakia. It lies on the historical division between Moravia and Silesia, hence the name...
mountain ranges. Mountain meadow of Filipka lies just north of the village. It offers great view of the Olza River valley and peaks of Moravian-Silesian Beskids.
Nawsie was originally a part of Old Jabłonków, but nearby a new settlement emerged (Jabłonków) and Nawsie became a separate village. The village is first mentioned as Nawsie in a written document in 1577. Beginnings of the village can be traced much earlier. In 1435 Wacław I, Duke of Cieszyn gave a privilege to Paweł Sikora to establish a farming community. Návsí lies on the old trade route going from today's Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
to Cieszyn
Cieszyn
Cieszyn is a border-town and the seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has 36,109 inhabitants . Cieszyn lies on the Olza River, a tributary of the Oder river, opposite Český Těšín....
, thus offering good trading opportunities. Craftsmen began to settle in the village. However, village's location had also negative consequences, frequent marches of various armies and frequent Olza floodings caused that in the second half of the 17th century almost one third inhabitants left the village. Sikora family managed the village to 19th century. In 1791 a wooden Protestant church was built, bricked one in 1820. Village developed quickly after 1871 construction of Kassa-Oderberg railway line
Košice-Bohumín Railway
The Košice–Bohumín Railway can refer to:*originally: A private railway company established in 1869 in Austria-Hungary. In 1924 the company was nationalised and put under the Czechoslovak State Railways....
which runs through the village. Large railway station was built here.
According to the Austrian
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
census of 1910 the village had 2,249 inhabitants, 2,188 of whom had permanent residence there. The census asked people for their native language, 2,114 (96.6%) were Polish-speaking and 62 (2.8%) were German-speaking. The most populous religious groups were Protestants with 1,449 (64.4%) and Roman Catholics with 783 (34.8%).
In 1914 Polish Marshall Józef Piłsudski spent with his legions his first World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
Christmas Eve at the parish of local Protestant church.
After the division of Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic...
in 1920, the village became part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement
Munich Agreement
The Munich Pact was an agreement permitting the Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. The Sudetenland were areas along Czech borders, mainly inhabited by ethnic Germans. The agreement was negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe without...
, in October 1938, Návsí and the whole Zaolzie
Zaolzie
Zaolzie is the Polish name for an area now in the Czech Republic which was disputed between interwar Poland and Czechoslovakia. The name means "lands beyond the Olza River"; it is also called Śląsk zaolziański, meaning "trans-Olza Silesia". Equivalent terms in other languages include Zaolší in...
region was annexed by Poland
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
. The village was then annexed by Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
at the beginning of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.
From 1960 to 1994 it was administratively a part of Jablunkov
Jablunkov
Jablunkov is a town in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of 5,750 , 23% of the population are Poles. Jablunkov lies between the Silesian and Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain ranges, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, and is the...
.
People
- Tadeusz MichejdaTadeusz MichejdaTadeusz Michejda was a Polish physician and politician from the region of Cieszyn Silesia....
- Polish physician and politician, was born here - Władysław MichejdaWładysław Michejda (1876-1937)Władysław Michejda - Polish barrister, mayor of Cieszyn since 1929.Son of Franciszek, Lutheran pastor. He graduated high school in Cieszyn and on Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. He became doctor of law in 1904 and worked as barrister in Lwów since 1908...
- Polish lawyer and mayor of CieszynCieszynCieszyn is a border-town and the seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has 36,109 inhabitants . Cieszyn lies on the Olza River, a tributary of the Oder river, opposite Český Těšín....
, born here - Władysław Młynek - Polish poet and writer, spent here most of his life