Paul W. Schroeder is an American historian

Historian

A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...

 and professor emeritus of history at the University of Illinois

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

The University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign is a large public research-intensive university in the state of Illinois, United States. It is the flagship campus of the University of Illinois system...

, specializing in the late sixteenth- to twentieth-century Europe

Europe

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

an international politics, Central Europe

Central Europe

Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...

, and the theory of history

History

History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...

. His current research focuses on European international politics, 1648-1945, emphasizing systemic evolution and development.

He received his doctorate from the University of Texas at Austin

University of Texas at Austin

The University of Texas at Austin is a state research university located in Austin, Texas, USA, and is the flagship institution of the The University of Texas System. Founded in 1883, its campus is located approximately from the Texas State Capitol in Austin...

 in 1958.

In a 1972 essay "World War I As A Galloping Gertie", Schroeder blamed Britain for the First World War. Schroeder argued that the war was a "Galloping Gertie", in events escalated out of control, sucking in all of the Great Powers into an unwanted war Schroeder that the key factor in the European situation was what he claimed was Britain's “encirclement" policy directed at Austria-Hungary Schroeder argued that British foreign policy was fundamentally anti-German, and even more so, anti-Austrian Schroeder claimed that 1914 was a "preventive war" forced on Germany to maintain Austria as a power, which faced with a crippling British "encirclement policy" aimed at the break-up of that state

Apart from his scholarship, Schroeder recently has been a regular contributor to the paleoconservative magazine The American Conservative

The American Conservative

The American Conservative is a monthly U.S. opinion magazine published by Ron Unz. Its first editor was Scott McConnell, his successors being Kara Hopkins and the present incumbent, Daniel McCarthy....

, writing strong critiques of the Bush administration's foreign policy (especially regarding the Iraq War) for its destabilizing, counterproductive effects. The internationalist, realist perspective of his critiques fits well with his favorable appraisals of the 19th-century Concert-of-Europe approach to international relations that Schroeder has offered as a model in his scholarship.

Awards

• Albert J. Beveridge
  Albert J. Beveridge
  Albert Jeremiah Beveridge was an American historian and United States Senator from Indiana.-Early years:Albert J. Beveridge was born October 6, 1862 in Highland County, Ohio and his parents moved to Indiana soon after his birth, and his boyhood was one of hard work...
  
   Award, American Historical Association
  American Historical Association
  The American Historical Association is the oldest and largest society of historians and professors of history in the United States. Founded in 1884, the association promotes historical studies, the teaching of history, and the preservation of and access to historical materials...
  
  , 1956 http://www.historians.org/prizes/AWARDED/BeveridgeWinner.htm
• Walter Prescott Webb
  Walter Prescott Webb
  Walter Prescott Webb was a 20th century U.S. historian and author noted for his groundbreaking historical work on the American West. As president of the Texas State Historical Association, he launched the project that produced the Handbook of Texas...
  
   Memorial Prize, 1962
• Finalist, Campus Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching, University of Illinois, 1975
• Queen Prize, University of Illinois, 1980
• Senior University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1989
• British International Studies Association
  British International Studies Association
  The British International Studies Association is a learned society that promotes the study of international relations and related subjects through teaching, research, and facilitation of contact between scholars. BISA has an international membership where 40 countries are represented. The current...
  
  , 1990 http://www.bisa.ac.uk/
• Jubilee Professor, University of Illinois, 1992
• Honorary Doctor of Letters
  Doctor of Letters
  Doctor of Letters is a university academic degree, often a higher doctorate which is frequently awarded as an honorary degree in recognition of outstanding scholarship or other merits.-Commonwealth:...
  
  , Valparaiso University
  Valparaiso University
  Valparaiso University, known colloquially as Valpo, is a regionally accredited private university located in the city of Valparaiso in the U.S. state of Indiana. Founded in 1859, it consists of five undergraduate colleges, a graduate school, a nursing school and a law school...
  
  , 1993

Fellowships

• Fulbright Scholar in Austria
  Austria
  Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
  
  , 1956-1957
• United States Steel Foundation Fellow, 1957-1958
• Senior Fellow, National Endowment for the Humanities
  National Endowment for the Humanities
  The National Endowment for the Humanities is an independent federal agency of the United States established by the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 dedicated to supporting research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities. The NEH is located at...
  
  , 1973
• Senior Fellow, American Council of Learned Societies
  American Council of Learned Societies
  The American Council of Learned Societies , founded in 1919, is a private nonprofit federation of seventy scholarly organizations.ACLS is best known as a funder of humanities research through fellowships and grants awards. ACLS Fellowships are designed to permit scholars holding the Ph.D...
  
  , 1976-1977
• Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
  Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
  The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars , located in Washington, D.C., is a United States Presidential Memorial that was established as part of the Smithsonian Institution by an act of Congress in 1968...
  
  , 1983-84
• Visiting Research Fellow, Merton College, Oxford
  Merton College, Oxford
  Merton College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its foundation can be traced back to the 1260s when Walter de Merton, chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, first drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to...
  
  , 1984
• Jennings Randolph Peace Fellow, United States Institute of Peace
  United States Institute of Peace
  The United States Institute of Peace was created by Congress as a non-partisan, federal institution that works to prevent or end violent conflict around the world...
  
  , 1992-93

Offices

• Secretary-Treasurer, Conference Group for Central European History, 1967-1968
• Research Division Committee, American Historical Association, 1974-1977
• Adams Prize Committee, American Historical Association, 1974-1977
• Member, Advisory Council, West European Program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1984-92.
• Member, American Committee to Promote the Study of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1983-88.
• Section editor, AHA Guide to Historical Literature.
• Member, Advisory Council, German Historical Institute Washington, 1995-.

Books

• The Axis Alliance and Japanese-American Relations, 1941 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1958).
• Metternich's Diplomacy at Its Zenith, 1820-1823 (Austin, Texas: University of Texas press, 1962). Paperback reprint by University of Texas Press, 1976.
• Austria, Great Britain, and the Crimean War: The Destruction of the European Concert (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1972).
• The Transformation of European Politics, 1763-1848 (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1994).

Articles

• "Metternich Studies since 1925," Journal of Modern History, 33, (Sept. 1961), 237-66.
• "Austrian Policy at the Congresses of Troppau and Laibach," Journal of Central European Affairs, XXII, 2 (July 1962), 139-52.
• "Austria as an Obstacle to Italian Unification and Freedom, 1814-1861," Austrian History Newsletter, 1962, 1-32.
• "American Books on Austria-Hungary," Austrian History Yearbook, II (1966), 1972-196.
• "The Status of Habsburg Studies in the United States," Austrian History Yearbook III. Pt. 3 (1967), 267-295.
• "Bruck versus Buol: The Dispute over Austrian Eastern Policy, 1853-1855," Journal of Modern History, XL, 2 (June 1968), 193-217.
• "Austria and the Danubian Principalities, 1853-1856," Central European History, II, 3 (Sept. 1969), 216-36. in JSTOR
• "A Turning Point in Austrian Policy in the Crimean War: the Conferences of March, 1954," Austrian History Yearbook, IV-V (1968-1969), 159-202.
• "World War I as Galloping Gertie: A Reply to Joachim Remak," Journal of Modern History, 44, No. 2, (Sept. 1972), 319-344. n JSTOR
• "The 'Balance of Power' System in Europe, 1815-1871," Naval War College Review, March-April 1975, 18-31.
• "Romania and the Great Powers before 1914," Revue Roumaine d'Histoire, XIV, 1 (1975), 39-53.
• "Munich and the British Tradition," The Historical Journal, 19, I (1976), pp. 223–243. in JSTOR
• "Alliances, 1815-1945: Weapons of Power and Tools of Management" in Klaus Knorr, ed., Historical Problems of National Security, (Lawrence, Kansas: Univ. of Kansas Press, 1976), pp. 247–286.
• "Quantitative Studies in the Balance of Power: An Historian's Reaction," and "A Final Rejoinder," published in the Journal of Conflict Resolution, XXI, No. 1 (March 1977), 3-22, 57-74. in JSTOR
• "Austro-German Relations: Divergent Views of the Disjoined Partnership," Central European History, XI, 3 (September 1978), 302-312.
• "Gladstone as Bismarck," Canadian Journal of History, XV (August 1980), pp. 163–195.
• "Containment Nineteenth Century Style: How Russia was Restrained," South Atlantic Quarterly, 82 (1983), 1-18.
• "The Lost Intermediaries: The Impact of 1870 on the European System," International History Review, VI (Feb. 1984), 1-27.
• "Oesterreich und die orientalische Frage, 1848-1883," in Das Zeitalter Kaiser Franz Josephs von der Revolution zur Gruenderzeit (Vienna, 1984), Vol. I, 324-28.
• "Does Murphy's Law Apply to History?", The Wilson Quarterly (New Year, 1985), 84-93.
• "The European International System, 1789-1848: Is There a Problem? an Answer?", colloquium paper presented March 19, 1984 at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (52 pp.).
• "The European International System, 1789-1848: Is There a Question? An Answer?", Proceedings of the Consortium on Revolutionary Europe (1985), 1-29.
• "The 19th-Century International System: Changes in the Structure," World Politics 39, 1 (October 1986), 1-26. in JSTOR
• "Old Wine in Old Bottles: Recent Contributions to British Foreign Policy and European International Politics, 1789-1848," Journal of British Studies 26, 1 (January 1987), 1-25. in JSTOR
• "Once More, the German Question," International History Review IX, 1 (February 1987), 96-107.
• "The Collapse of the Second Coalition," Journal of Modern History 59, 2 (June 1987), pg. 244-290. in JSTOR
• "An Unnatural 'Natural Alliance': Castlereagh, Metternich, and Aberdeen in 1813," International History Review X, No. 4 (November 1988), 522-540.
• "The Nineteenth Century Balance of Power: Balance of Power or Political Equilibrium?", Review of International Studies (Oxford), 15 (April 1989), 135-153.
• "Failed Bargain Crises, Deterrence, and the International System," in Paul C. Stern et al., eds., Perspectives on Deterrence (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 67-83.
• "Germany and the Balance of Power: Past and Present Part I", in Wolf Gruner, ed., Gleichqewicht in Geschichte und Gegenwart (Hamburg: Kramer, 1989), 134-39.
• "Die Habsburger Monarchie und das europaische System im 19t. Jahrhundert," in A. M. Birke and G. Heydemann, eds. Die Herausforderung des europaischen Staatensystems (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1989). 178-82.
• "Europe and the German Confederation in the 1860s," in Helmut Rumpler, ed., Deutscher Bund und Deutsche Frage 1815-1866 (Vienna, 1990), 281-91.
• The Years 1848 and 1989: The Perils and Profits of Historical Comparisons," in Samuel F. Wells, ed., The Helsinki Process and the Future of Europe (Washington, DC, 1990), 15-21.
• "Review Article. Napoleon Bonaparte," International History Review, XII (May 1990), 324-29.
• "Napoleon's Foreign Policy: A Criminal Enterprise," Journal of Military History 54, No. 2 (April 1990), 147-61.in JSTOR
• "Die Rolle der Vereinigten Staaten bei der Entfesselung des Zweiten Weltkrieges," in Klaus Hildebrand
  Klaus Hildebrand
  Klaus Hildebrand is a German conservative historian whose area of expertise is 19th-20th century German political and military history.- Biography :...
  
  et al., eds., 1939: An der Schwelle zum Weltkrieg (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1990), 215-19.
• "A Just, Unnecessary War: The Flawed American Strategy in the Persian Gulf." ACDIS Occasional Paper, March 1991. 14 pp.
• "The Neo-Realist Theory of International Politics: A Historian's View." ACDIS Occasional Paper, April, 1991. 12 pp.
• "Did the Vienna Settlement Rest on a Balance of Power?", American Historical Review, 97, 2 (June 1992), 683-706, 733-5. in JSTOR
• "The Transformation of Political Thinking, 1787-1848," in: Jack Snyder and Robert Jervis, eds., Coping with Complexity in the International System (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993), 47-70.
• "'System' and Systemic Thinking in International History," Journal of International History Review xv, 1 (February 1993), 116-34.
• "Economic Integration and the European International System in the Era of World War I," American Historical Review 94, 4 (October 1993), 1130-37. in JSTOR
• "Historical Reality vs Neo-Realist Theory," International Security 19, 1 (Summer 1994), pp. 108–48. in JSTOR
• "History vs. Neo-realism: A Second Look," International Security, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Summer, 1995), pp. 182-195 in JSTOR
• "History and International Relations Theory: Not Use or Abuse, but Fit or Misfit," International Security, Vol. 22, No. 1 (Summer, 1997), pp. 64-74 in JSTOR