Paul Yü Pin
Encyclopedia
Paul Yü Pin (April 13, 1901—August 16, 1978) was a Chinese
cardinal
of the Roman Catholic Church
. He served as Archbishop of Nanking from 1946 until his death, having previously served as its Apostolic Vicar
, and was elevated to the cardinalate
in 1969.
, to Shuayuan Yu Pin and Ai-mei Siao. Orphan
ed at age 7, he was baptized
in 1914 after encountering the missionary
priests
near Lansi, where he lived with his grandfather. Yu attended the Provincial Normal School
in Heilongjiang
, the Jesuit
-run Aurora University
in Shanghai
, and the seminary
in Kirin before going to Rome
, where he studied at the Pontifical Urbaniana University
(earning his doctorate in theology
) and Pontifical Roman Athenaem S. Apollinare
. He also studied at the Royal University
in Perugia
, from where he obtained a doctoral degree
in politics
.
Yu was ordained
to the priesthood
on December 22, 1928 by Archbishop Giuseppe Palica
, and then taught at the Urbaniana University until 1933, when he returned to China
. Upon his return, he was named National Director of Catholic Action
, secretary
of the Chinese nunciature, and Inspector General
of Catholic school
s in China.
On July 17, 1936, Yu was appointed Apostolic Vicar
of Nanking and Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina by Pope Pius XI
. He received his episcopal consecration
on the following September 20 from Archbishop Mario Zanin
, with Bishops Simon Tchu, SJ
, and Paul Montague, CM
, serving as co-consecrators
, in Beijing
. In 1937, the Imperial Japanese Army
took Nanking
and a reward of $100,000 was placed for the capture of Yu, who spent World War II
in the United States
. There he planned in 1943 to establish employment bureaus
, available to American teacher
s, doctor
s, and technician
s, in China. Also that year, the Chinese cleric supported two bills before the House Immigration Committee that allowed Chinese to enter
and become citizens
of the United States under the quota system
. Yu, following his return to China, was promoted to the rank of a Metropolitan
Archbishop
when his vicariate was elevated as such by Pope Pius XII
on April 11, 1946.
In 1949, the new Communist regime
expelled him from his see
, and he was yet agan forced to leave the country, resuming his exile in the United States. During this time, the Archbishop dedicated himself to helping Chinese American
s and raising funds for refugee
s from Communist China in Taiwan
, where he was made rector
magnifico of Fu Jen Catholic University
in 1961. Yu attended the Second Vatican Council
from 1962 to 1965, and was created Cardinal Priest
of Gesù Divin Lavoratore by Pope Paul VI
in the consistory
of April 28, 1969. Upon his resignation as Fu Jen's rector on August 5, 1978, the Cardinal was named its Grand Chancellor
. In 1976 he had become the first director of Dharma Realm Buddhist University's
Institute for World Religions (now attached to Berkeley Buddhist Monastery).
He died from a heart attack
at age 77 in Rome, where he had gone to participate in the conclave following Pope Paul VI
's death in August 1978. Yu is interred in a mausoleum
on the campus of Fu Jen Catholic University
in Xinzhuang
, Taipei County.
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
cardinal
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
. He served as Archbishop of Nanking from 1946 until his death, having previously served as its Apostolic Vicar
Apostolic vicariate
An apostolic vicariate is a form of territorial jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church established in missionary regions and countries that do not have a diocese. It is essentially provisional, though it may last for a century or more...
, and was elevated to the cardinalate
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
in 1969.
Biography
Paul Yü Pin was born in Hai-lun, KirinJilin
Jilin , is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. Jilin borders North Korea and Russia to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west...
, to Shuayuan Yu Pin and Ai-mei Siao. Orphan
Orphan
An orphan is a child permanently bereaved of or abandoned by his or her parents. In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents is called an orphan...
ed at age 7, he was baptized
Baptism
In Christianity, baptism is for the majority the rite of admission , almost invariably with the use of water, into the Christian Church generally and also membership of a particular church tradition...
in 1914 after encountering the missionary
Missionary
A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin...
priests
Priesthood (Catholic Church)
The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church include the orders of bishops, deacons and presbyters, which in Latin is sacerdos. The ordained priesthood and common priesthood are different in function and essence....
near Lansi, where he lived with his grandfather. Yu attended the Provincial Normal School
Normal school
A normal school is a school created to train high school graduates to be teachers. Its purpose is to establish teaching standards or norms, hence its name...
in Heilongjiang
Heilongjiang
For the river known in Mandarin as Heilong Jiang, see Amur River' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. "Heilongjiang" literally means Black Dragon River, which is the Chinese name for the Amur. The one-character abbreviation is 黑...
, the Jesuit
Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus is a Catholic male religious order that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as "God's Army" and as "The Company," these being references to founder Ignatius of Loyola's military background and a...
-run Aurora University
Aurora University (Shanghai)
Aurora University was a pre-eminent Catholic university in Shanghai from 1903 to 1952.The founder was Father Joseph Ma Xiangbo S.J. and French Jesuits. The University was founded on 27th February, 1903. Ma Xiangbo left in 1906 and the university was kept by French Jesuits until the coming of...
in Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, and the seminary
Seminary
A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is an institution of secondary or post-secondary education for educating students in theology, generally to prepare them for ordination as clergy or for other ministry...
in Kirin before going to Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, where he studied at the Pontifical Urbaniana University
Pontifical Urbaniana University
The Pontifical Urbaniana University or Pontifical Urban University is a pontifical university under the authority of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.-History:...
(earning his doctorate in theology
Doctor of Sacred Theology
The Doctor of Sacred Theology is the final theological degree in the pontifical university system of the Catholic Church....
) and Pontifical Roman Athenaem S. Apollinare
Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare
Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare was a university named after Saint Apollinaris. Notable people who have attended include:*Alfredo Ottaviani*Amleto Giovanni Cicognani*Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant*Benedetto Aloisi Masella*Gustavo Testa...
. He also studied at the Royal University
Royal University
Royal University may mean:* Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas* Royal University of Bhutan* Royal University of Ireland...
in Perugia
Perugia
Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the River Tiber, and the capital of the province of Perugia. The city is located about north of Rome. It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area....
, from where he obtained a doctoral degree
Doctorate
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field, A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder...
in politics
Politics
Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to the art or science of running governmental or state affairs, including behavior within civil governments, but also applies to institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the...
.
Yu was ordained
Holy Orders
The term Holy Orders is used by many Christian churches to refer to ordination or to those individuals ordained for a special role or ministry....
to the priesthood
Priesthood (Catholic Church)
The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church include the orders of bishops, deacons and presbyters, which in Latin is sacerdos. The ordained priesthood and common priesthood are different in function and essence....
on December 22, 1928 by Archbishop Giuseppe Palica
Giuseppe Palica
Giuseppe Palica was an italian Archbishop.Born on 8 October 1869 in Rome, he was ordained priest on 18 December 1892.On 25 April 1917 he was appointed vice-gerent of Rome and titular archbishop of Philippi....
, and then taught at the Urbaniana University until 1933, when he returned to China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. Upon his return, he was named National Director of Catholic Action
Catholic Action
Catholic Action was the name of many groups of lay Catholics who were attempting to encourage a Catholic influence on society.They were especially active in the nineteenth century in historically Catholic countries that fell under anti-clerical regimes such as Spain, Italy, Bavaria, France, and...
, secretary
Secretary
A secretary, or administrative assistant, is a person whose work consists of supporting management, including executives, using a variety of project management, communication & organizational skills. These functions may be entirely carried out to assist one other employee or may be for the benefit...
of the Chinese nunciature, and Inspector General
Inspector General
An Inspector General is an investigative official in a civil or military organization. The plural of the term is Inspectors General.-Bangladesh:...
of Catholic school
Catholic school
Catholic schools are maintained parochial schools or education ministries of the Catholic Church. the Church operates the world's largest non-governmental school system...
s in China.
On July 17, 1936, Yu was appointed Apostolic Vicar
Apostolic vicariate
An apostolic vicariate is a form of territorial jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church established in missionary regions and countries that do not have a diocese. It is essentially provisional, though it may last for a century or more...
of Nanking and Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina by Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI , born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was Pope from 6 February 1922, and sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929 until his death on 10 February 1939...
. He received his episcopal consecration
Bishop (Catholic Church)
In the Catholic Church, a bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the sacrament of Holy Orders and is responsible for teaching the Catholic faith and ruling the Church....
on the following September 20 from Archbishop Mario Zanin
Mario Zanin
Mario Zanin is an Italian cyclist and Olympic Champion. He won gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, on the Individual Road Race.-References:...
, with Bishops Simon Tchu, SJ
Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus is a Catholic male religious order that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as "God's Army" and as "The Company," these being references to founder Ignatius of Loyola's military background and a...
, and Paul Montague, CM
Lazarists
Congregation of the Mission is a vowed order of priests and brothers associated with the Vincentian Family, a loose federation of organizations who claim St. Vincent de Paul as their founder or Patron...
, serving as co-consecrators
Consecrator
Consecrator is a term used in the Roman Catholic Church to designate a bishop who ordains a priest to the episcopal state. The term is often used in Eastern Rite Churches and in Anglican communities. The term "Principal Consecrator" is used to designate the primary bishop who ordains a new bishop...
, in Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
. In 1937, the Imperial Japanese Army
Imperial Japanese Army
-Foundation:During the Meiji Restoration, the military forces loyal to the Emperor were samurai drawn primarily from the loyalist feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū...
took Nanking
Nanjing
' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...
and a reward of $100,000 was placed for the capture of Yu, who spent World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. There he planned in 1943 to establish employment bureaus
Employment agency
An employment agency is an organization which matches employers to employees. In all developed countries there is a publicly funded employment agency and multiple private businesses which also act as employment agencies.-Public employment agencies:...
, available to American teacher
Teacher
A teacher or schoolteacher is a person who provides education for pupils and students . The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional...
s, doctor
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
s, and technician
Technician
A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert...
s, in China. Also that year, the Chinese cleric supported two bills before the House Immigration Committee that allowed Chinese to enter
Immigration
Immigration is the act of foreigners passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence...
and become citizens
Citizenship
Citizenship is the state of being a citizen of a particular social, political, national, or human resource community. Citizenship status, under social contract theory, carries with it both rights and responsibilities...
of the United States under the quota system
Quota system
Quota System can refer to:*Quota System , a system in place from 1795 to 1815 for manning British naval ships*Reservations in India*Quota Borda system*Racial quota, in hiring minorities*Import quota, in trade regulations...
. Yu, following his return to China, was promoted to the rank of a Metropolitan
Metropolitan bishop
In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis; that is, the chief city of a historical Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital.Before the establishment of...
Archbishop
Bishop (Catholic Church)
In the Catholic Church, a bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the sacrament of Holy Orders and is responsible for teaching the Catholic faith and ruling the Church....
when his vicariate was elevated as such by Pope Pius XII
Pope Pius XII
The Venerable Pope Pius XII , born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli , reigned as Pope, head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City State, from 2 March 1939 until his death in 1958....
on April 11, 1946.
In 1949, the new Communist regime
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
expelled him from his see
Diocese
A diocese is the district or see under the supervision of a bishop. It is divided into parishes.An archdiocese is more significant than a diocese. An archdiocese is presided over by an archbishop whose see may have or had importance due to size or historical significance...
, and he was yet agan forced to leave the country, resuming his exile in the United States. During this time, the Archbishop dedicated himself to helping Chinese American
Chinese American
Chinese Americans represent Americans of Chinese descent. Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans...
s and raising funds for refugee
Refugee
A refugee is a person who outside her country of origin or habitual residence because she has suffered persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or because she is a member of a persecuted 'social group'. Such a person may be referred to as an 'asylum seeker' until...
s from Communist China in Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
, where he was made rector
Rector
The word rector has a number of different meanings; it is widely used to refer to an academic, religious or political administrator...
magnifico of Fu Jen Catholic University
Fu Jen Catholic University
Fu Jen Catholic University is a co-educational Catholic university located in Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, Republic of China...
in 1961. Yu attended the Second Vatican Council
Second Vatican Council
The Second Vatican Council addressed relations between the Roman Catholic Church and the modern world. It was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church and the second to be held at St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. It opened under Pope John XXIII on 11 October 1962 and closed...
from 1962 to 1965, and was created Cardinal Priest
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
of Gesù Divin Lavoratore by Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI
Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, who had convened the Second Vatican Council, he decided to continue it...
in the consistory
Consistory
-Antiquity:Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek synedrion ....
of April 28, 1969. Upon his resignation as Fu Jen's rector on August 5, 1978, the Cardinal was named its Grand Chancellor
Chancellor
Chancellor is the title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the Cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers who sat at the cancelli or lattice work screens of a basilica or law court, which separated the judge and counsel from the...
. In 1976 he had become the first director of Dharma Realm Buddhist University's
Dharma Realm Buddhist Association
The Dharma Realm Buddhist Association is an international, non-profit Buddhist organization founded by the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua in 1959 to bring the orthodox teachings of the Buddha to the entire world...
Institute for World Religions (now attached to Berkeley Buddhist Monastery).
He died from a heart attack
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction or acute myocardial infarction , commonly known as a heart attack, results from the interruption of blood supply to a part of the heart, causing heart cells to die...
at age 77 in Rome, where he had gone to participate in the conclave following Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI
Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, who had convened the Second Vatican Council, he decided to continue it...
's death in August 1978. Yu is interred in a mausoleum
Mausoleum
A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A monument without the interment is a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb or the tomb may be considered to be within the...
on the campus of Fu Jen Catholic University
Fu Jen Catholic University
Fu Jen Catholic University is a co-educational Catholic university located in Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, Republic of China...
in Xinzhuang
Xinzhuang
Xinzhuang is a town located in Minhang District, Shanghai, China.-Transport:The Xinzhuang Station is located in the centre of Xinzhuang providing access to Metro lines 1 and 5. To the north and south of the station are 2 squares...
, Taipei County.
Trivia
- While studying in Rome, Yu received a doctorate in philosophyPhilosophyPhilosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
from the Angelicum. - PresidentPresident of the United StatesThe President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
Franklin RooseveltFranklin D. RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt , also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war...
met with Bishop Yu in February 1944. - He once sat on the All-China Interreligious Association.
- Yu was expected to have voted for a conservativeConservatismConservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports, at the most, minimal and gradual change in society. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism...
candidate at the August 1978 conclave. - The Cardinal, second from China, was 6 feet (1.8 m) and 3 inches (76.2 mm) tall.
In European languages
- Paul Yu-Pin, Un Problème psychique international: appel aux hommes de bonne foi aux hommes de bonne volonté. Bruxelles: Éd. de la Cité chrétienne, 1937.
- The Voice of the Church in China, 1931–1932, 1937-1938, by Archbishop Marius Zanin, Bishop Auguste HaouiséeAuguste HaouiséeAuguste Haouissée, SJ was a French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, who served as Bishop of Shanghai from 1946 until his death, having previously served as its Apostolic Vicar....
and Bishop Paul Yu-Pin; with a preface by Dom Pierre-Célestin Lou Tseng-TsiangLou Tseng-TsiangLou Tseng-Tsiang was a Chinese diplomat and a Roman Catholic monk. He was twice Premier of the Republic of China and led his country's delegation at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919...
. London and New York: Longmans, Green and co., 1938. - Eyes East: Selected Pronouncements of the Most Reverend Paul Yu-Pin. Paterson, N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1945.
- Raymond De Jaegher, Vie de Mgr. Paul Yu Pin. Vietnam: Ed. du Pacifique libre, 1959.