Philibert François Rouxel de Blanchelande
Encyclopedia
Philippe François Rouxel, viscount de Blanchelande (born in Dijon
February 21, 1735 - guillotine
d in Paris
April 15, 1793) was a French
general. He was serving as Governor
of Saint-Domingue
at the start of the Haitian Revolution
.
In 1781, Maréchal de camp Blanchelande took Tobago
from the British
and was Governor from 1781 to 1784.
He succeeded Governor General of Saint-Domingue
, de Peinier, at the end of 1790. In 1791 the Haitian Revolution
. Rouxel led the Royalist forces against the revolt and its leader, Dutty Boukman
.
In 1792, he was replaced as Governor by d'Esparbès (who would himself be replaced by Galbaud du Fort after June 1793). Convicted of counter-revolutionary actions and treason
, Blanchelande was condemned to the guillotine
by a revolutionnary
Court on April 11, 1793 and executed April 15.
Dijon
Dijon is a city in eastern France, the capital of the Côte-d'Or département and of the Burgundy region.Dijon is the historical capital of the region of Burgundy. Population : 151,576 within the city limits; 250,516 for the greater Dijon area....
February 21, 1735 - guillotine
Guillotine
The guillotine is a device used for carrying out :executions by decapitation. It consists of a tall upright frame from which an angled blade is suspended. This blade is raised with a rope and then allowed to drop, severing the head from the body...
d in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
April 15, 1793) was a French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
general. He was serving as Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of Saint-Domingue
Saint-Domingue
The labour for these plantations was provided by an estimated 790,000 African slaves . Between 1764 and 1771, the average annual importation of slaves varied between 10,000-15,000; by 1786 it was about 28,000, and from 1787 onward, the colony received more than 40,000 slaves a year...
at the start of the Haitian Revolution
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution was a period of conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic...
.
In 1781, Maréchal de camp Blanchelande took Tobago
Invasion of Tobago
The Invasion of Tobago was a French expedition in May 1781 against the British-held island of Tobago during the American War of Independence. The fleet of the Comte de Grasse on 24 May landed troops under the command of the Marquis de Bouillé, which successfully gained control of the island on 2...
from the British
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
and was Governor from 1781 to 1784.
He succeeded Governor General of Saint-Domingue
Saint-Domingue
The labour for these plantations was provided by an estimated 790,000 African slaves . Between 1764 and 1771, the average annual importation of slaves varied between 10,000-15,000; by 1786 it was about 28,000, and from 1787 onward, the colony received more than 40,000 slaves a year...
, de Peinier, at the end of 1790. In 1791 the Haitian Revolution
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution was a period of conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic...
. Rouxel led the Royalist forces against the revolt and its leader, Dutty Boukman
Dutty Boukman
Dutty Boukman ' was a Jamaican born houngan, or Haitian priest who conducted a religious ceremony in Haiti in which a freedom covenant was affirmed; this ceremony is considered a catalyst to the slave uprising that marked the beginning of the Haïtian Revolution.-Background:Boukman Dutty was a self...
.
In 1792, he was replaced as Governor by d'Esparbès (who would himself be replaced by Galbaud du Fort after June 1793). Convicted of counter-revolutionary actions and treason
Treason
In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's sovereign or nation. Historically, treason also covered the murder of specific social superiors, such as the murder of a husband by his wife. Treason against the king was known as high treason and treason against a...
, Blanchelande was condemned to the guillotine
Guillotine
The guillotine is a device used for carrying out :executions by decapitation. It consists of a tall upright frame from which an angled blade is suspended. This blade is raised with a rope and then allowed to drop, severing the head from the body...
by a revolutionnary
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
Court on April 11, 1793 and executed April 15.
External links
- The Louverture Project: Philibert François Rouxel de Blanchelande - Article from Haitian history wiki.