Piotrków Trybunalski Castle
Encyclopedia
The Piotrków Trybunalski Royal Castle is a Gothic-Renaissance structure in Piotrków Trybunalski
, Poland. It was built in the form of a residential tower
in the 16th century and was transformed into a museum open to the public in 1919.
and according to contemporary chronicler – Jan of Czarnków, Casimir III the Great ordered to build a residences here, accomplished in 1347. The 1493 Sejm
held at the Piotrków Castle was the first bicameral parliament
in Poland. It consist of the royal council, called the senate, and the chamber of deputies.
In the following years the building become inadequate for the purposes of the royal court. Therefore, the court architect of king Sigismund I the Old
, Benedykt Sandomierski erected a new residence, which was completed in 1519. The new residence was built in Renaissance style in the shape of a residential tower on a square measuring 18 × 20 m (19.68 × 21.87 yd). The structure was crowned with a profusly decorated attic. In the 16th century, the castle was the site of frequent regional councils and synods. During the Deluge the it was burned by Swedish-Brandenburg
ian troops. The reconstruction took place between 1668–1671 supervised by Michał Warszycki, sword-bearer of the Crown
. The fortifications were not restored as well as demolished attic, and the whole structure was crowned with a pavilion roof.
With the Second Partition of Poland
the castle again fell into disrepair. in 1869 the Russian Governor of Piotrków undertook a restoration to convert the former royal residence into a garrison Orthodox church
. The building suffered again during the World War II. After the war the Regional Conservator recommended to rebuilt the castle by the state before Warszycki's reconstruction, restoring its Renaissance features. Eventually the structure was rebuilt between 1963–1969, without restoring the Renaissance attic.
Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski is a city in central Poland with 80,738 inhabitants . It is situated in the Łódź Voivodeship , and previously was the capital of Piotrków Voivodeship...
, Poland. It was built in the form of a residential tower
Keep
A keep is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars have debated the scope of the word keep, but usually consider it to refer to large towers in castles that were fortified residences, used as a refuge of last resort should the rest of the...
in the 16th century and was transformed into a museum open to the public in 1919.
History
The stronghold on the left bank of the Strawa River existed in the 13th century. The conventions, which were held here in the 14th century gave the city greater importance in the Kingdom of PolandKingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Polish state created by the accession of Jogaila , Grand Duke of Lithuania, to the Polish throne in 1386. The Union of Krewo or Krėva Act, united Poland and Lithuania under the rule of a single monarch...
and according to contemporary chronicler – Jan of Czarnków, Casimir III the Great ordered to build a residences here, accomplished in 1347. The 1493 Sejm
General sejm
The general sejm was the parliament of Poland for four centuries from the late 15th until the late 18th century.-Genesis:The power of early sejms grew during the period of Poland's fragmentation , when the power of individual rulers waned and that of various councils and wiece grew...
held at the Piotrków Castle was the first bicameral parliament
Bicameralism
In the government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. Thus, a bicameral parliament or bicameral legislature is a legislature which consists of two chambers or houses....
in Poland. It consist of the royal council, called the senate, and the chamber of deputies.
In the following years the building become inadequate for the purposes of the royal court. Therefore, the court architect of king Sigismund I the Old
Sigismund I the Old
Sigismund I of Poland , of the Jagiellon dynasty, reigned as King of Poland and also as the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until 1548...
, Benedykt Sandomierski erected a new residence, which was completed in 1519. The new residence was built in Renaissance style in the shape of a residential tower on a square measuring 18 × 20 m (19.68 × 21.87 yd). The structure was crowned with a profusly decorated attic. In the 16th century, the castle was the site of frequent regional councils and synods. During the Deluge the it was burned by Swedish-Brandenburg
Brandenburg
Brandenburg is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Potsdam...
ian troops. The reconstruction took place between 1668–1671 supervised by Michał Warszycki, sword-bearer of the Crown
Miecznik
Miecznik was a court office in Poland. Responsible for the arsenal of the King and for carrying his sword.Since the 14th Century an honorable title of district office, in Kingdom of Poland and after Union of Lublin in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth....
. The fortifications were not restored as well as demolished attic, and the whole structure was crowned with a pavilion roof.
With the Second Partition of Poland
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the second of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the War in Defense of the Constitution and the Targowica Confederation of 1792...
the castle again fell into disrepair. in 1869 the Russian Governor of Piotrków undertook a restoration to convert the former royal residence into a garrison Orthodox church
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...
. The building suffered again during the World War II. After the war the Regional Conservator recommended to rebuilt the castle by the state before Warszycki's reconstruction, restoring its Renaissance features. Eventually the structure was rebuilt between 1963–1969, without restoring the Renaissance attic.