Pérez Dynasty
Encyclopedia
The Beni Alfons or Banu Alfonso were the family of kings which ruled in Asturias
, Galicia
, and León
from the succession of Alfonso the Catholic
, son of Peter of Cantabria
in 740. For the next century, rule shifted between Alfonso's descendants and those of his brother Fruela. With the death of Alfonso II
a century later, a younger branch of the family took the throne, headed by Ramiro I
. For most of the 10th century, internecine squabbles resulted in divided rule and succession struggles among various branches of the family, which were brought to an end by the succession of Bermudo II
in 984. The rule of the dynasty ended with the defeat and death of Bermudo III
in 1037, the throne passing via his sister to Ferdinand I of León and Castile.
Under their rule, the Astur-Leonese kingdom went from a small mountain enclave to one of the dominant powers in Hispania
, only to be eclipsed and conquered by the Banu Sancho (Jiménez dynasty
) of Navarre
. Most scholars consider the Counts of Cea and hence queen Jimena Fernández of Navarre to have represented a younger branch of this family. One of two proposed derivations for 11th century count García Ordóñez
would make him a scion of the dynasty.
Kingdom of Asturias
The Kingdom of Asturias was a Kingdom in the Iberian peninsula founded in 718 by Visigothic nobles under the leadership of Pelagius of Asturias. It was the first Christian political entity established following the collapse of the Visigothic kingdom after Islamic conquest of Hispania...
, Galicia
Kingdom of Galicia
The Kingdom of Galicia was a political entity located in southwestern Europe, which at its territorial zenith occupied the entire northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Founded by Suebic king Hermeric in the year 409, the Galician capital was established in Braga, being the first kingdom which...
, and León
Kingdom of León
The Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in AD 910 when the Christian princes of Asturias along the northern coast of the peninsula shifted their capital from Oviedo to the city of León...
from the succession of Alfonso the Catholic
Alfonso I of Asturias
Alfonso I , called the Catholic , was the King of Asturias from 739 to his death in 757.He was son of Duke Peter of Cantabria and held many lands in that region. He may have been the hereditary chief of the Basques, but this is uncertain...
, son of Peter of Cantabria
Peter of Cantabria
Peter was the Duke of Cantabria. While various writers have attempted to name his parentage, , early sources say nothing more specific than the chronicle of 'Pseudo-Alfonso': that he was "ex semine Leuvigildi et Reccaredi progenitus"...
in 740. For the next century, rule shifted between Alfonso's descendants and those of his brother Fruela. With the death of Alfonso II
Alfonso II of Asturias
Alfonso II , called the Chaste, was the king of Asturias from 791 to his death, the son of Fruela I and the Basque Munia.He was born in Oviedo in 759 or 760. He was put under the guardianship of his aunt Adosinda after his father's death, but one tradition relates his being put in the monastery of...
a century later, a younger branch of the family took the throne, headed by Ramiro I
Ramiro I of Asturias
Ramiro I was King of Asturias from 842 until his death. Son of Bermudo I, he succeeded Alfonso II.First, he had to deal with the usurper Nepocian, defeating him at the Battle of the Bridge of Cornellana, by the river Narcea. Ramiro then removed the system of election which allowed his family to be...
. For most of the 10th century, internecine squabbles resulted in divided rule and succession struggles among various branches of the family, which were brought to an end by the succession of Bermudo II
Bermudo II of León
Bermudo II , called the Gouty , was the King of Galicia and León . His reign is summed up by Justo Pérez de Urbel's description of him as "el pobre rey atormentado en la vida por la espada de Almanzor y en muerte por la pluma vengadora de un obispo" Bermudo (or Vermudo) II (956–999), called the...
in 984. The rule of the dynasty ended with the defeat and death of Bermudo III
Bermudo III of León
Bermudo III , king of León , son of Alfonso V of León by his wife Elvira Mendes, was the last scion of Peter of Cantabria to rule in the Leonese kingdom...
in 1037, the throne passing via his sister to Ferdinand I of León and Castile.
Under their rule, the Astur-Leonese kingdom went from a small mountain enclave to one of the dominant powers in Hispania
Hispania
Another theory holds that the name derives from Ezpanna, the Basque word for "border" or "edge", thus meaning the farthest area or place. Isidore of Sevilla considered Hispania derived from Hispalis....
, only to be eclipsed and conquered by the Banu Sancho (Jiménez dynasty
Jiménez dynasty
The Jiménez or Ximenes were an Iberian ruling family from the 10th century to the 13th century. They were the first Europeanisers of Spain and brought her back within the wider European political scene while also giving her the political character and division that persisted until the end of the...
) of Navarre
Kingdom of Navarre
The Kingdom of Navarre , originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either side of the Pyrenees alongside the Atlantic Ocean....
. Most scholars consider the Counts of Cea and hence queen Jimena Fernández of Navarre to have represented a younger branch of this family. One of two proposed derivations for 11th century count García Ordóñez
García Ordóñez
García Ordóñez , called de Nájera or de Cabra and in the epic literature Crispus or el Crespo de Grañón, was a Castilian magnate who ruled the Rioja from Nájera from 1080 until his death. He is famous in literature as the rival of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, the Cid, whose high position at court he...
would make him a scion of the dynasty.