Rebeca Gusmão
Encyclopedia
Rebeca Gusmão was a freestyle
swimmer from Brazil
. She won the bronze medal in the women's 4×100 m freestyle relay at the Pan American Games
in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. She also participated at the 2004 Olympics
and the 2007 Pan American Games
.
Gusmão won the women's 50 and 100 freestyle events at the 2007 Pan Ams; however, all her results (times and placings) from those Games were later nullified due to a positive doping-control test. Her medals were also revoked.
Basically, the 2006 test and the out-of-competition test were positive for testosterone; the in-competition tests showed signs of tampering.
On November 5, 2007, Rebeca Gusmão received a provisionally suspension by the FINA
, the International Swimming Federation, for a positive out-of-competition doping control result for testosterone
taken on July 13, 2007. With this, she was temporarily barred from competition (effective November 2, 2007), until a hearing could be held before the FINA Doping Panel.
On December 13, 2007, PASO
declared Rebeca Gusmão guilty of doping with testosterone and revoked her XV Pan American Games
medals. Her times from the 2007 Pan American Games were also nullified.
On May 16, 2008, the FINA Doping Panel declared Gusmão ineligible for 2 years (beginning November 2, 2007) for the out-of-competition result.
On July 28, 2008, the FINA Doping Panel declared Gusmão ineligible for 2 years (beginning July 17, 2008) for the May 2006 test which contained testosterone. With this decision, all results from May 25, 2006 forward were nullified.
Then September 3, 2008, the FINA Doping Panel banned Gusmão for life ("ineligible for lifetime") due to tampering. All results from July 18, 2007 and forward were (again) annulled.
The full FINA Doping Panel decision from September 3, 2008 can be found online here.
Freestyle swimming
Freestyle is an unregulated swimming style used in swimming competitions according to the rules of FINA. The front crawl stroke is almost universally used during a freestyle race, as this style is generally the fastest...
swimmer from Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. She won the bronze medal in the women's 4×100 m freestyle relay at the Pan American Games
Swimming at the 2003 Pan American Games
The Swimming Competition at the 2003 Pan American Games took place in the outdoor swimming pool at the side of the Juan Pablo Duarte Olympic Center in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic...
in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. She also participated at the 2004 Olympics
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in the Olympic Aquatic Centre with the athletes competing in 32 events. There was a total of 937 participants from 152 countries competing.-Medal table:-Men's events:...
and the 2007 Pan American Games
2007 Pan American Games
The 2007 Pan American Games, officially known as the XV Pan American Games, were a major continental multi-sport event that took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from July 13 to July 29, 2007. A total of 5,633 athletes from 42 National Olympic Committees competed in 332 events in 34 sports and in...
.
Gusmão won the women's 50 and 100 freestyle events at the 2007 Pan Ams; however, all her results (times and placings) from those Games were later nullified due to a positive doping-control test. Her medals were also revoked.
Doping sanction/banning
There are 3 testing groups that are relevant to Rebeca Gusmão's doping sanctions:- an in-competition test from May 25–26, 2006,
- an out-of-competition test on July 13, 2007, and
- the in-competition tests from the 2007 Pan American Games.
Basically, the 2006 test and the out-of-competition test were positive for testosterone; the in-competition tests showed signs of tampering.
On November 5, 2007, Rebeca Gusmão received a provisionally suspension by the FINA
Fina
Fina may refer to:*Fina, a character in the Skies of Arcadia video game*FINA, the International Swimming Federation*FINA, the North American Forum on Integration...
, the International Swimming Federation, for a positive out-of-competition doping control result for testosterone
Testosterone
Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group and is found in mammals, reptiles, birds, and other vertebrates. In mammals, testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and the ovaries of females, although small amounts are also secreted by the adrenal glands...
taken on July 13, 2007. With this, she was temporarily barred from competition (effective November 2, 2007), until a hearing could be held before the FINA Doping Panel.
On December 13, 2007, PASO
Pan American Sports Organisation
The Pan American Sports Organization is an international organization which represents the current 41 National Olympic Committees of the North American and South American continents. It is the Continental Association of the Americas...
declared Rebeca Gusmão guilty of doping with testosterone and revoked her XV Pan American Games
2007 Pan American Games
The 2007 Pan American Games, officially known as the XV Pan American Games, were a major continental multi-sport event that took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from July 13 to July 29, 2007. A total of 5,633 athletes from 42 National Olympic Committees competed in 332 events in 34 sports and in...
medals. Her times from the 2007 Pan American Games were also nullified.
On May 16, 2008, the FINA Doping Panel declared Gusmão ineligible for 2 years (beginning November 2, 2007) for the out-of-competition result.
On July 28, 2008, the FINA Doping Panel declared Gusmão ineligible for 2 years (beginning July 17, 2008) for the May 2006 test which contained testosterone. With this decision, all results from May 25, 2006 forward were nullified.
Then September 3, 2008, the FINA Doping Panel banned Gusmão for life ("ineligible for lifetime") due to tampering. All results from July 18, 2007 and forward were (again) annulled.
The full FINA Doping Panel decision from September 3, 2008 can be found online here.
See also
- List of South American records in swimming
- List of Brazilian records in swimming
- List of doping cases in sport