Santa Brigida a Campo de' Fiori
Encyclopedia
Santa Brigida a Campo de'Fiori is a convent church dedicated to St Bridget of Sweden
, patron saint of Europe. It is the Swedish national church
.
It was restored in the early 18th century by Pope Clement XI (1700–1721).
In 1828, Pope Leo XII gave the convent and church to the Canons of Santa Maria in Trastevere
. They did not have the means to restore it, and gave it to the Holy Cross Fathers, a French congregation, in 1855. They restored the church and the rooms of St Bridget in 1857-1858.
The next owner was a Polish branch of the Carmelite Order, to whom the convent and church was given in 1889. They held it until 1930, when it was returned to the Bridgittine Order.
The paintings in the church were restored before the Bridgittine jubilee of 1991.
The bell-tower was added in 1894.
The surrounding area has changed a lot over the years. The church is still known as Santa Brigida a Campo de'Fiori, but since the construction of the other buildings around the Piazza Farnese, Campo de'Fiori is most often used only about the nearby square rather than the whole area.
; here it is the arms of Virgino Cardinal Orsini
.
On the right-hand side is the cenotaph of Nils Karlsson Bielke (died 1765) by Tommaso Righi
. He was a descendant of one of St Bridget's brothers. After converting to Catholicism he lived in exile in Rome, and was made a senator. His place of burial is unknown.
Also on the right-hand side is the Altar of Our Lady. The painting by Virginio Monti, depicting Mary and the Holy Child in a classical landscape scene, was made in the 19th century. It is a copy of a lost original by Annibale Carracio.
Opposite this altar is the Altar of St Catherine of Sweden. It was redecorated in 1894. The painting, made in that year, is by Eugenio Cisterna, a pupil of Virginio Monti. It originally depicted St Bridget and St Teresa of Avila, but when the church was given to the Bridgittine Sisters in 1930, the figure of St Teresa was altered to represent St Catherine.
The church has six paintings by Biagio Puccini, made between 1702 and 1705. They depict scenes from the life of St Bridget. One of them, the Ecstasy of St Bridget, is placed above the high altar.
The Glory of St Bridget in the ceiling is also painted by Puccini, in the years 1709-1711. It is though that Puccini was inspired by Theudon's Triumph of Faith over Heresy in Il Gesú, which was made at the end of the 17th century.
There are three recently discovered memorial plaques in the church. They are not in their original positions. Two of them, one by the entrance to the Chapel of St Richard and one by the sacristy door, must have been in Bridget's room, and the third was probably placed on the façade until the new church was built in the 16th century.
In the 16th century, the Reformation
brought radical changes. The convent became a refuge for Swedish Catholics who chose exile rather than conversion. Among those who lived here in this period was Johannes Magnus
(1488–1544), the last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden. Olaus Magnus
arrived in 1549, and set up a printing press in the house. He published the revelations of St Bridget from this press in 1557. As the mother house in Vadstena was suppressed, a cardinal was made protector of the convent. During her exile from 1673 until her death in 1689, Queen Christina of Sweden was its protectress.
The building was restored by Pope Clement XI (1700–1721). Since then, only minor changes have been made to the exterior.
It is possible to visit the rooms of St Bridget and her daughter St Catherine, first abbess of the Bridgettine Sisters. The rooms contain relics of the two saints, and are decorated with paintings from the lives of the saints. Chapels of St Bridget and St Catherine have been installed in their respective rooms.
Bridget of Sweden
Bridget of Sweden Bridget of Sweden Bridget of Sweden (1303 – 23 July 1373; also Birgitta of Vadstena, Saint Birgitta , was a mystic and saint, and founder of the Bridgettines nuns and monks after the death of her husband of twenty years...
, patron saint of Europe. It is the Swedish national church
National churches in Rome
Charitable institutions attached to churches in Rome were founded right through the medieval period and included hospitals, hostels and others providing assistance to pilgrims to Rome from a certain "nation", which thus became these nations' national churches in Rome...
.
History
The first church here was built during the pontificate of Boniface IX (1389–1404). It was abandoned, and a new church was built in 1513 by Peder Månsson, later (1524) Bishop of Västerås in Sweden. It was officially granted to the Bishop of Uppsala by Pope Paul III (1534–1549).It was restored in the early 18th century by Pope Clement XI (1700–1721).
In 1828, Pope Leo XII gave the convent and church to the Canons of Santa Maria in Trastevere
Santa Maria in Trastevere
The Basilica of Our Lady in Trastevere is a titular minor basilica, one of the oldest churches in Rome, and perhaps the first in which mass was openly celebrated...
. They did not have the means to restore it, and gave it to the Holy Cross Fathers, a French congregation, in 1855. They restored the church and the rooms of St Bridget in 1857-1858.
The next owner was a Polish branch of the Carmelite Order, to whom the convent and church was given in 1889. They held it until 1930, when it was returned to the Bridgittine Order.
The paintings in the church were restored before the Bridgittine jubilee of 1991.
Exterior
The façade was constructed by Andrea Fucina in 1705. It is crowned by sculptures of St Brigid and her daughter St Catherine. Minor changes, such as the shapes of the windows, were made in the 19th century.The bell-tower was added in 1894.
The surrounding area has changed a lot over the years. The church is still known as Santa Brigida a Campo de'Fiori, but since the construction of the other buildings around the Piazza Farnese, Campo de'Fiori is most often used only about the nearby square rather than the whole area.
Interior
There are two marble holy water fonts. On the right-hand one may be seen the lily of the Farnese family, placed here when Odoardo Cardinal Farnese was the protector of the convent, 1601-1626. The one on the left side has the arms of the Carmelite Order. Another example of a protector's arms can be seen on a marble bowl in the sacristySacristy
A sacristy is a room for keeping vestments and other church furnishings, sacred vessels, and parish records.The sacristy is usually located inside the church, but in some cases it is an annex or separate building...
; here it is the arms of Virgino Cardinal Orsini
Orsini family
Orsini: the origin of learning.We love Mrs. Orsini forever! ~8F Social Studies 2011The Orsini family is an Italian noble family; it was one of the most influential princely families in medieval Italy and renaissance Rome...
.
Chapel of St Richard
Near the entrance are two doors. One leads to the Chapel of St Richard, the other to the new sacristy (1894). The chapel was built in 1894 on Neo-Gothic style by Raffaele Ingami. It is dedicated to an English Bridgittine monk, Richard Reynold, who was martyred in London in 1535. He is considered the most important martyr of the order. The chapel was originally dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows, and an inscription from this period has been preserved on the altar. On the walls are eight paintings of scenes from the life of the Blessed Virgin, made by Eugenio Cisterna.On the right-hand side is the cenotaph of Nils Karlsson Bielke (died 1765) by Tommaso Righi
Tommaso Righi
Tommaso Righi was an Italian sculptor and stuccator with a practice in Rome. His marble and stucco funeral monument to Carlo Pio Balestra , patron of the Church of Santi Luca e Martina, in the Roman Forum, is probably his most prominent commission...
. He was a descendant of one of St Bridget's brothers. After converting to Catholicism he lived in exile in Rome, and was made a senator. His place of burial is unknown.
Also on the right-hand side is the Altar of Our Lady. The painting by Virginio Monti, depicting Mary and the Holy Child in a classical landscape scene, was made in the 19th century. It is a copy of a lost original by Annibale Carracio.
Opposite this altar is the Altar of St Catherine of Sweden. It was redecorated in 1894. The painting, made in that year, is by Eugenio Cisterna, a pupil of Virginio Monti. It originally depicted St Bridget and St Teresa of Avila, but when the church was given to the Bridgittine Sisters in 1930, the figure of St Teresa was altered to represent St Catherine.
The church has six paintings by Biagio Puccini, made between 1702 and 1705. They depict scenes from the life of St Bridget. One of them, the Ecstasy of St Bridget, is placed above the high altar.
The Glory of St Bridget in the ceiling is also painted by Puccini, in the years 1709-1711. It is though that Puccini was inspired by Theudon's Triumph of Faith over Heresy in Il Gesú, which was made at the end of the 17th century.
There are three recently discovered memorial plaques in the church. They are not in their original positions. Two of them, one by the entrance to the Chapel of St Richard and one by the sacristy door, must have been in Bridget's room, and the third was probably placed on the façade until the new church was built in the 16th century.
Chapel of St Catherine
In the crypt is the Chapel of St Catherine, which was dedicated in 1972. It has 70 seats, and is used by the Church of Sweden. Lutheran services are held on Sundays and Thursdays.Convent
The church is part of the convent of the Bridgettine Sisters. The convent building was owned by Francesca Papazurri, who became a close friend of St Bridget during the Holy Year of 1350. It was at that time known as the Palatium Magnum, The Grand Palace. Bridget lived there for 19 years, and her rooms have been preserved. After Bridget's death, the house was donated to the order's mother house in Vadstena, and it was used as a hospice for Swedish pilgrims and clergy visiting Rome.In the 16th century, the Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
brought radical changes. The convent became a refuge for Swedish Catholics who chose exile rather than conversion. Among those who lived here in this period was Johannes Magnus
Johannes Magnus
Johannes Magnus was the last functioning Catholic Archbishop in Sweden, and also a theologian, genealogist, and historian.-Life:Johannes Magnus was born in Linköping, son of the burgess Måns Pedersson and his wife Kristina...
(1488–1544), the last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden. Olaus Magnus
Olaus Magnus
Olaus Magnus was a Swedish ecclesiastic and writer, who did pioneering work for the interest of Nordic people. He was reported as born in October 1490 in Östergötland, and died on August 1, 1557. Magnus, Latin for the Swedish Stor “great”, is a Latin family name taken personally, and not a...
arrived in 1549, and set up a printing press in the house. He published the revelations of St Bridget from this press in 1557. As the mother house in Vadstena was suppressed, a cardinal was made protector of the convent. During her exile from 1673 until her death in 1689, Queen Christina of Sweden was its protectress.
The building was restored by Pope Clement XI (1700–1721). Since then, only minor changes have been made to the exterior.
It is possible to visit the rooms of St Bridget and her daughter St Catherine, first abbess of the Bridgettine Sisters. The rooms contain relics of the two saints, and are decorated with paintings from the lives of the saints. Chapels of St Bridget and St Catherine have been installed in their respective rooms.