Secretaría de Educación Pública
Encyclopedia
The Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP - The Secretariat of Public Education, or 'Department of Public Education') is a Mexican federal government authority with Cabinet
representation and responsibility for overseeing the development and implementation of national educational policy and school standards in Mexico.
Additionally, it has the following responsibilities:
Convent of the Holy Incarnation in the oldest borough of Mexico City
, have extended to the House of the Marquess of Villamayor (also known as the Casa de los adelantados de Nueva Galicia, built in 1530), the Old House of don Cristóbal de Oñate, a three-times Governor and General Captain of New Galicia (also built in 1530) and the Old Royal Customs House (built in 1730-31). Some of the buildings were decorated with mural
paintings by Diego Rivera
and other notable exponents of the Mexican muralist movement of the 20th century (David Alfaro Siqueiros, Raul Anguiano, Manuel Felguerez).
Cabinet (government)
A Cabinet is a body of high ranking government officials, typically representing the executive branch. It can also sometimes be referred to as the Council of Ministers, an Executive Council, or an Executive Committee.- Overview :...
representation and responsibility for overseeing the development and implementation of national educational policy and school standards in Mexico.
Additionally, it has the following responsibilities:
- Creation and maintenance of public schools in the Mexican Federal District, excluding those that are dependents of other dependencies
- Ensuring all requirements related to preschool, primary, secondary, technical and normal education as established by the Constitution are observed and completed, and to prescribe the norms to which the incorporation of particular schools in the national educational system should adjust
- Exercising supervision and vigilance that proceeds in the seminaries that impart education in the Republic, conform to the 3rd article of the constitution
- To systematically organize, administer and enrich the general or specialized libraries that are sustained by the Secretariat or that form part of its dependencies.
- To promote the creation of institutes of scientific and technical research and the establishment of laboratories, observatories, planetariums and also centers that are required for the development of primary, secondary, moral, technical and superior education; to orient, in coordination with the appropriate dependencies of the Federal Government and with the public and private entities, the development of scientific and technological research.
- To confer scholarships so that students of Mexican nationality can do research or complete foreign study programs.
- To revalidate studies and titles, and to concede authorization for the exercise of the capacities that they accredit.
- To formulate the catalog of national historic patrimony.
- To organize, sustain, and administer historic, archaeological and artistic museums, painting galleries and art galleries, to the effect of preserving the integrity, the maintenance and conservation of historic and artistic treasures of the cultural patrimony of the country.
- To conserve, protect and maintain archeological, historical, and artistic monuments that conform the cultural patrimony of the nation, attending the legal dispositions in the matter.
- To orient the artistic, cultural, recreational and sport-related activities that are realized by the federal public sector.
Main building
The Secretariat has several buildings distributed all over the country but its main offices, initially confined to the Old DominicanDominican Order
The Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France...
Convent of the Holy Incarnation in the oldest borough of Mexico City
Historic center of Mexico City
The historic center of Mexico City is also known as the "Centro" or "Centro Histórico." This neighborhood is focused on the Zócalo or main plaza in Mexico City and extends in all directions for a number of blocks with its farthest extent being west to the Alameda Central The Zocalo is the largest...
, have extended to the House of the Marquess of Villamayor (also known as the Casa de los adelantados de Nueva Galicia, built in 1530), the Old House of don Cristóbal de Oñate, a three-times Governor and General Captain of New Galicia (also built in 1530) and the Old Royal Customs House (built in 1730-31). Some of the buildings were decorated with mural
Mural
A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other large permanent surface. A particularly distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture.-History:Murals of...
paintings by Diego Rivera
Diego Rivera
Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez was a prominent Mexican painter born in Guanajuato, Guanajuato, an active communist, and husband of Frida Kahlo . His large wall works in fresco helped establish the Mexican Mural Movement in...
and other notable exponents of the Mexican muralist movement of the 20th century (David Alfaro Siqueiros, Raul Anguiano, Manuel Felguerez).
Secretaries of Public Instruction and Fine Arts (1905-1914)
- Government of Porfirio DíazPorfirio DíazJosé de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori was a Mexican-American War volunteer and French intervention hero, an accomplished general and the President of Mexico continuously from 1876 to 1911, with the exception of a brief term in 1876 when he left Juan N...
(1884–1911)- (1905–1911): Justo SierraJusto SierraJusto Sierra Méndez , was a prominent Mexican writer, journalist, poet and political figure of the second half of the nineteenth century. He was the son of Mexican novelist Justo Sierra O'Reilly, who is credited with inspiring his son with the spirit of literature...
- (1911): Jorge Vera Estañol
- (1905–1911): Justo Sierra
- Government of Francisco León de la BarraFrancisco León de la BarraFrancisco León de la Barra y Quijano was a Mexican political figure and diplomat, who served as interim president of Mexico from May 25 to November 6, 1911....
(1911)- (1911): Francisco Vázquez GómezFrancisco Vázquez GómezFrancisco Vázquez Gómez served as personal physician to Mexican president Porfirio Díaz, as Minister of Public Instruction to President Francisco León de la Barra and as a running mate to Francisco I. Madero during the 1910 presidential elections...
- (1911): Francisco Vázquez Gómez
- Government of Francisco I. MaderoFrancisco I. MaderoFrancisco Ignacio Madero González was a politician, writer and revolutionary who served as President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913. As a respectable upper-class politician, he supplied a center around which opposition to the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz could coalesce...
(1911–1913)- (1911–1912): Miguel Díaz Lombardo
- (1912–1913): José María Pino SuárezJosé María Pino SuárezJosé María Pino Suárez was a Mexican statesman, revolutionary, poet, journalist and jurist who served as Vice President of Mexico , Secreatry of Education and Governor of Yucatán...
- Government of Victoriano HuertaVictoriano HuertaJosé Victoriano Huerta Márquez was a Mexican military officer and president of Mexico. Huerta's supporters were known as Huertistas during the Mexican Revolution...
(1913–1914)- (1913): Jorge Vera Estañol
- (1913): Manuel Garza AldapeManuel Garza AldapeManuel Garza Aldape was a prominent attorney in Mexico City. From 1912 to 1913 he served as Secretary of Education, Secretary of State and Secretary of Foreign Affairs for President Victoriano Huerta...
- (1913): José M. Lozano
- (1913): Eduardo Tamariz y Sánchez
- (1913–1914): Nemesio García Naranjo
- Government of Francisco Carvajal (1914)
- (1914): Rubén Valenti
Secretaries of Public Education of Mexico
- Government of Álvaro ObregónÁlvaro ObregónGeneral Álvaro Obregón Salido was the President of Mexico from 1920 to 1924. He was assassinated in 1928, shortly after winning election to another presidential term....
(1920–1924)- (1921–1924): José VasconcelosJosé VasconcelosJosé Vasconcelos Calderón was a Mexican writer, philosopher and politician. He is one of the most influential and controversial personalities in the development of modern Mexico. His philosophy of "indigenismo" affected all aspects of Mexican sociocultural, political, and economic...
- (1924): Bernardo J. GastélumBernardo J. GastélumBernardo José Gastélum Izabal was a Mexican physician, politician, and writer.- Biography :...
- (1921–1924): José Vasconcelos
- Government of Plutarco Elías CallesPlutarco Elías CallesPlutarco Elías Calles was a Mexican general and politician. He was president of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, but he continued to be the de facto ruler from 1928–1935, a period known as the maximato...
(1924–1928)- (1924–1928): José Manuel Puig Casauranc
- (1928): Moisés Sáenz
- Government of Emilio Portes GilEmilio Portes GilEmilio Cándido Portes Gil was President of Mexico from 1928 to 1930.-Biography:Portes Gil was born in Ciudad Victoria, the capital of the state of Tamaulipas in northeast Mexico....
(1928–1930)- (1928–1929): Ezequiel Padilla
- (1929): Plutarco Elías CallesPlutarco Elías CallesPlutarco Elías Calles was a Mexican general and politician. He was president of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, but he continued to be the de facto ruler from 1928–1935, a period known as the maximato...
- (1929–1930): Joaquín AmaroJoaquín AmaroJoaquín Amaro Domínguez was a Mexican revolutionary general and military reformer. He served as Secretary of War in the cabinets of Presidents Plutarco Elías Calles, Emilio Portes Gil, and Pascual Ortiz Rubio, making him one of the longest-serving cabinet-level officials in Mexican history...
- Government of Pascual Ortiz RubioPascual Ortiz RubioPascual Ortiz Rubio was a Mexican politician. He was born in Morelia, Michoacán as the son of Pascual Ortiz de Ayala y Huerta and Lenor Rubio Cornelis...
(1930–1932)- (1930): Aarón Sáenz
- (1930): Carlos Trejo Lerdo de Tejada
- (1930–1931): José Manuel Puig Casauranc
- (1931–1932): Narciso BassolsNarciso BassolsNarciso Bassols García was a Mexican lawyer, socialist politician, ambassador to France, Russia, and the United Kingdom, and professor of law at the National University of Mexico. He co-founded the Popular Party , and the League of Political Action...
- Government of Abelardo L. RodríguezAbelardo L. RodríguezAbelardo Rodríguez Luján, commonly known as Abelardo L. Rodríguez was the interim president of Mexico from 1932–1934, completing the term of Pascual Ortiz after his resignation.-Early life:...
(1932–1934)- (1932–1934): Narciso BassolsNarciso BassolsNarciso Bassols García was a Mexican lawyer, socialist politician, ambassador to France, Russia, and the United Kingdom, and professor of law at the National University of Mexico. He co-founded the Popular Party , and the League of Political Action...
- (1934): Eduardo VasconcelosEduardo VasconcelosEduardo Vasconcelos was Governor of Oaxaca from 1947 to 1950. In addition, he was also Secretary of Public Education in 1934 and Secretary of the Interior from 1932 to 1934.-External links:**...
- (1932–1934): Narciso Bassols
- Government of Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (1934–1940)
- (1934–1935): Ignacio García Téllez
- (1935–1939): Gonzalo Vázquez VelaGonzalo Vázquez VelaGonzalo Vázquez Vela was a Mexican politician....
- (1939–1940): Ignacio Beteta
- Government of Manuel Ávila CamachoManuel Ávila CamachoManuel Ávila Camacho served as the President of Mexico from 1940 to 1946.Manuel Ávila was born in the city of Teziutlán, a small town in Puebla, to middle-class parents, Manuel Ávila Castillo and Eufrosina Camacho Bello. He had several siblings, among them sister María Jovita Ávila Camacho and...
(1940–1946)- (1940–1941): Luis Sánchez Pontón
- (1941–1943): Octavio Véjar Vázquez
- (1943–1946): Jaime Torres BodetJaime Torres BodetJaime Torres Bodet was a prominent Mexican politician and writer who served in the executive cabinet of three Presidents of Mexico....
- Government of Miguel AlemánMiguel Alemán ValdésMiguel Alemán Valdés served as the President of Mexico from 1946 to 1952.-Life:Alemán was born in Sayula in the state of Veracruz as the son of General Miguel Alemán González and Tomasa Valdés Ledezma...
(1946–1952)- (1946–1952): Manuel Gual Vidal
- Government of Adolfo Ruiz CortinesAdolfo Ruiz CortinesAdolfo Ruiz Cortines was President of Mexico from 1952 to 1958, representing the Institutional Revolutionary Party he was one of the oldest presidents of Mexico...
(1952–1958)- (1952–1958): José Ángel Ceniceros
- Government of Adolfo López MateosAdolfo López MateosAdolfo López Mateos was a Mexican politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party who served as President of Mexico from 1958 to 1964...
(1958–1964)- (1958–1964): Jaime Torres BodetJaime Torres BodetJaime Torres Bodet was a prominent Mexican politician and writer who served in the executive cabinet of three Presidents of Mexico....
- (1958–1964): Jaime Torres Bodet
- Government of Gustavo Díaz OrdazGustavo Díaz OrdazGustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños served as the President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970.- Political career :Díaz Ordaz was born in San Andrés Chalchícomula . His father, Ramón Díaz Ordaz Redonet, worked as an accountant, while his mother, Sabina Bolaños Cacho de Díaz Ordaz, worked as a school teacher...
(1964–1970)- (1964–1970): Agustín YáñezAgustín YáñezAgustín Yáñez Delgadillo was a notable Mexican writer and politician who served as Governor of Jalisco and Secretary of Public Education during Gustavo Díaz Ordaz's presidency...
- (1964–1970): Agustín Yáñez
- Government of Luis EcheverríaLuis EcheverríaLuis Echeverría Álvarez served as President of Mexico from 1970 to 1976.-Early history:Echeverría joined the faculty of the National Autonomous University of Mexico in 1947 and taught political theory...
(1970–1976)- (1970–1975): Víctor Bravo AhujaVíctor Bravo AhujaVíctor Bravo Ahuja was a Mexican politician and academician who served as Secretary of Public Education in the administration of Luis Echeverría , as Governor of Oaxaca and as Director General and then Rector of the Monterrey Institute of Technology .He was born into a family composed by...
- (1970–1975): Víctor Bravo Ahuja
- Government of José López PortilloJosé López PortilloJosé López Portillo y Pacheco was the President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982.Born in Mexico City, López Portillo studied Law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico before beginning his political career with the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1959.He held several positions in the...
(1976–1982)- (1976–1977): Porfirio Muñoz LedoPorfirio Muñoz LedoPorfirio Alejandro Muñoz Ledo y Lazo de la Vega is a Mexican politician. He is one of the founders of the Party of the Democratic Revolution ....
- (1977–1982): Fernando SolanaFernando SolanaFernando Solana Morales is a Mexican diplomat, politician and businessman. He has served as the Mexican Secretary of Public Education, of Commerce and of Foreign Affairs....
- (1976–1977): Porfirio Muñoz Ledo
- Government of Miguel de la MadridMiguel de la MadridMiguel de la Madrid Hurtado is a Mexican politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party who served as President of Mexico from 1982 to 1988.-Biography:...
(1982–1988)- (1982–1985): Jesús Reyes Heroles
- (1985–1988): Miguel González AvelarMiguel González AvelarMiguel González Avelar was a Mexican politician who served as the Secretary of Public Education from 1985 to 1988 within the government of President Miguel de la Madrid. He died from heart and renal failure on November 22, 2011, at the age of 74.-References:...
- Government of Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988–1994)
- (1988–1992): Manuel Bartlett Díaz
- (1992–1993): Ernesto ZedilloErnesto ZedilloErnesto Zedillo Ponce de León is a Mexican economist and politician. He served as President of Mexico from December 1, 1994 to November 30, 2000, as the last of the uninterrupted seventy year line of Mexican presidents from the Institutional Revolutionary Party...
- (1993–1994): Fernando SolanaFernando SolanaFernando Solana Morales is a Mexican diplomat, politician and businessman. He has served as the Mexican Secretary of Public Education, of Commerce and of Foreign Affairs....
- (1994): José Ángel Pescador
- Government of Ernesto ZedilloErnesto ZedilloErnesto Zedillo Ponce de León is a Mexican economist and politician. He served as President of Mexico from December 1, 1994 to November 30, 2000, as the last of the uninterrupted seventy year line of Mexican presidents from the Institutional Revolutionary Party...
(1994–2000)- (1994–1995): Fausto Alzati
- (1995–2000): Miguel Limón Rojas
- Government of Vicente FoxVicente FoxVicente Fox Quesada is a Mexican former politician who served as President of Mexico from 1 December 2000 to 30 November 2006 and currently serves as co-President of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of Christian democratic political parties.Fox was elected...
(2000–2006)- (2000–2006): Reyes Tamez GuerraReyes TamezReyes Tamez Guerra is a Mexican immunochemist. He is a former Secretary of Education for the State of Nuevo Leon, a former president of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León and a former Secretary of Education in the cabinet of Vicente Fox .-Biography:Tamez Guerra graduated from the Autonomous...
- (2000–2006): Reyes Tamez Guerra
- Government of Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (2006) - (2012)
- (2006–2009): Josefina Vázquez MotaJosefina Vázquez MotaJosefina Eugenia Vázquez Mota . Mexican economist, businesswoman and politician, member of the National Action Party .-Family:...
- (2009 - ): Alonso Lujambio
- (2006–2009): Josefina Vázquez Mota