St Michael's Church, Bootle
Encyclopedia
St Michael's Church, Bootle, is located in the village of Bootle
, Cumbria
, England. It is an active Anglican
parish church
in the deanery of Calder, the archdeaconry of West Cumberland, and the diocese of Carlisle
. Its benefice has been united with those of St John the Baptist, Corney, St Mary, Whicham, and St Mary, Whitbeck. The church has been designated by English Heritage
as a Grade II listed building.
era, but was considerably restored
during the 19th century. The transept
s were added in 1837 by H. J. Underwood
, who changed the windows in the nave
to match those in the transepts. Building of the tower started soon after 1850, but was not completed until 1882. Fittings in the chancel
and the pulpit
were added in 1890 by the Lancaster
architects Paley, Austin and Paley.
with ashlar
dressings, the chancel is roughcast, and the roofs are slate
d. Its plan is cruciform, consisting of a two-bay
nave with north and south transepts, a chancel with a south organ loft, and a west tower. The tower has angle buttress
es, with a west doorway, and two lancet window
s and a clock face above it. The bell openings consist of pairs of louvred
lancets, flanked by a blind lancet on each side. Above these is a Lombard frieze
under a coped
parapet
with corner pinnacle
s. On the summit of the tower is a pyramidal roof surmounted by a cross. The nave contains lancet windows. In the transepts are stepped triple lancets with single lancets on the sides. The east window is round-headed with three lights, above which is a coped gable
with a cross. On the north side of the chancel is a two-light window and a doorway. On the south side is the organ loft with lancet windows.
. The chancel arch is round and double chamfer
ed. The font
is octagonal and stands on a 19th-century base. It it carved with shields, the initials R. B., and the Hudleston arms
, and carries an inscription in black letters. In the chancel is a piscina
in a 19th-century surround, and a brass
to Sir Hugh Askew who died in 1561. The stained glass in the east window is by Hardman
, in the north wall of the chancel is a window dated 1899 by Henry Holiday
, and in the transepts are windows by Ward and Hughes
dating from the mid-1880s. The two manual
organ was built in about 1890 by Gray and Davison
, and was restored and revoiced in 1945 by Wilkinson.
consisting of three round steps and a baluster
shaft. It dates probably from the 18th century, and is listed at Grade II. Also in the churchyard, and listed at Grade II is a monument dated 1780 consisting of a carved headstone. The churchyard cross, dating from 1897 was designed by Paley, Austin and Paley.
Bootle, Cumbria
Bootle is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Copeland in Cumbria, England. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 745. Historically within Cumberland, the village is in the Lake District National Park, and is close to the Irish Sea coast...
, Cumbria
Cumbria
Cumbria , is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle. It consists of six districts, and in...
, England. It is an active Anglican
Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising churches with historical connections to the Church of England or similar beliefs, worship and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English...
parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
in the deanery of Calder, the archdeaconry of West Cumberland, and the diocese of Carlisle
Diocese of Carlisle
The Diocese of Carlisle was created in 1133 by Henry I out of part of the Diocese of Durham, although many people of Celtic descent in the area looked to Glasgow for spiritual leadership. The first bishop was Æthelwold, formerly the king's confessor and now prior of the Augustinian priory at...
. Its benefice has been united with those of St John the Baptist, Corney, St Mary, Whicham, and St Mary, Whitbeck. The church has been designated by English Heritage
English Heritage
English Heritage . is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport...
as a Grade II listed building.
History
The church originated in the medievalMiddle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
era, but was considerably restored
Victorian restoration
Victorian restoration is the term commonly used to refer to the widespread and extensive refurbishment and rebuilding of Church of England churches and cathedrals that took place in England and Wales during the 19th-century reign of Queen Victoria...
during the 19th century. The transept
Transept
For the periodical go to The Transept.A transept is a transverse section, of any building, which lies across the main body of the building. In Christian churches, a transept is an area set crosswise to the nave in a cruciform building in Romanesque and Gothic Christian church architecture...
s were added in 1837 by H. J. Underwood
Henry Jones Underwood
Henry Jones Underwood was an English architect who spent most of his career in Oxford. He was the brother of the architects Charles Underwood and George Allen Underwood ....
, who changed the windows in the nave
Nave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...
to match those in the transepts. Building of the tower started soon after 1850, but was not completed until 1882. Fittings in the chancel
Chancel
In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar in the sanctuary at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building...
and the pulpit
Pulpit
Pulpit is a speakers' stand in a church. In many Christian churches, there are two speakers' stands at the front of the church. Typically, the one on the left is called the pulpit...
were added in 1890 by the Lancaster
Lancaster, Lancashire
Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, England. It is situated on the River Lune and has a population of 45,952. Lancaster is a constituent settlement of the wider City of Lancaster, local government district which has a population of 133,914 and encompasses several outlying towns, including...
architects Paley, Austin and Paley.
Exterior
St Michael's is constructed in stone rubbleRubble
Rubble is broken stone, of irregular size, shape and texture. This word is closely connected in derivation with "rubbish", which was formerly also applied to what we now call "rubble". Rubble naturally found in the soil is known also as brash...
with ashlar
Ashlar
Ashlar is prepared stone work of any type of stone. Masonry using such stones laid in parallel courses is known as ashlar masonry, whereas masonry using irregularly shaped stones is known as rubble masonry. Ashlar blocks are rectangular cuboid blocks that are masonry sculpted to have square edges...
dressings, the chancel is roughcast, and the roofs are slate
Slate
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. The result is a foliated rock in which the foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering...
d. Its plan is cruciform, consisting of a two-bay
Bay (architecture)
A bay is a unit of form in architecture. This unit is defined as the zone between the outer edges of an engaged column, pilaster, or post; or within a window frame, doorframe, or vertical 'bas relief' wall form.-Defining elements:...
nave with north and south transepts, a chancel with a south organ loft, and a west tower. The tower has angle buttress
Buttress
A buttress is an architectural structure built against or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall...
es, with a west doorway, and two lancet window
Lancet window
A lancet window is a tall narrow window with a pointed arch at its top. It acquired the "lancet" name from its resemblance to a lance. Instances of this architectural motif are most often found in Gothic and ecclesiastical structures, where they are often placed singly or in pairs.The motif first...
s and a clock face above it. The bell openings consist of pairs of louvred
Louver
A louver or louvre , from the French l'ouvert; "the open one") is a window, blind or shutter with horizontal slats that are angled to admit light and air, but to keep out rain, direct sunshine, and noise...
lancets, flanked by a blind lancet on each side. Above these is a Lombard frieze
Frieze
thumb|267px|Frieze of the [[Tower of the Winds]], AthensIn architecture the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic or Doric order, or decorated with bas-reliefs. Even when neither columns nor pilasters are expressed, on an astylar wall it lies upon...
under a coped
Coping (architecture)
Coping , consists of the capping or covering of a wall.A splayed or wedge coping slopes in a single direction; a saddle coping slopes to either side of a central high point....
parapet
Parapet
A parapet is a wall-like barrier at the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony or other structure. Where extending above a roof, it may simply be the portion of an exterior wall that continues above the line of the roof surface, or may be a continuation of a vertical feature beneath the roof such as a...
with corner pinnacle
Pinnacle
A pinnacle is an architectural ornament originally forming the cap or crown of a buttress or small turret, but afterwards used on parapets at the corners of towers and in many other situations. The pinnacle looks like a small spire...
s. On the summit of the tower is a pyramidal roof surmounted by a cross. The nave contains lancet windows. In the transepts are stepped triple lancets with single lancets on the sides. The east window is round-headed with three lights, above which is a coped gable
Gable
A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system being used and aesthetic concerns. Thus the type of roof enclosing the volume dictates the shape of the gable...
with a cross. On the north side of the chancel is a two-light window and a doorway. On the south side is the organ loft with lancet windows.
Interior
At the entrances to the transepts are two-bay arcadesArcade (architecture)
An arcade is a succession of arches, each counterthrusting the next, supported by columns or piers or a covered walk enclosed by a line of such arches on one or both sides. In warmer or wet climates, exterior arcades provide shelter for pedestrians....
. The chancel arch is round and double chamfer
Chamfer
A chamfer is a beveled edge connecting two surfaces. If the surfaces are at right angles, the chamfer will typically be symmetrical at 45 degrees. A fillet is the rounding off of an interior corner. A rounding of an exterior corner is called a "round" or a "radius"."Chamfer" is a term commonly...
ed. The font
Baptismal font
A baptismal font is an article of church furniture or a fixture used for the baptism of children and adults.-Aspersion and affusion fonts:...
is octagonal and stands on a 19th-century base. It it carved with shields, the initials R. B., and the Hudleston arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
, and carries an inscription in black letters. In the chancel is a piscina
Piscina
A piscina is a shallow basin placed near the altar of a church, used for washing the communion vessels. The sacrarium is the drain itself. Anglicans usually refer to the basin, calling it a piscina. Roman Catholics usually refer to the drain, and by extension, the basin, as the sacrarium...
in a 19th-century surround, and a brass
Monumental brass
Monumental brass is a species of engraved sepulchral memorial which in the early part of the 13th century began to partially take the place of three-dimensional monuments and effigies carved in stone or wood...
to Sir Hugh Askew who died in 1561. The stained glass in the east window is by Hardman
Hardman & Co.
Hardman & Co., otherwise John Hardman Trading Co., Ltd., founded 1838, began manufacturing stained glass in 1844 and became one of the world's leading manufacturers of stained glass and ecclesiastical fittings...
, in the north wall of the chancel is a window dated 1899 by Henry Holiday
Henry Holiday
Henry Holiday was an English historical genre and landscape painter, stained glass designer, illustrator and sculptor. He is considered to be a member of the Pre-Raphaelite school of art.-Early years and training:...
, and in the transepts are windows by Ward and Hughes
Ward and Hughes
Ward and Hughes was the name of an English company producing stained glass windows. They began in 1836 as Ward and Nixon.Perhaps the most prestigious stained glass commission of the 19th century, the re-glazing of East Window of Lincoln Cathedral, went to Ward and Nixon in 1855...
dating from the mid-1880s. The two manual
Manual (music)
A manual is a keyboard designed to be played with the hands on a pipe organ, harpsichord, clavichord, electronic organ, or synthesizer. The term "manual" is used with regard to any hand keyboard on these instruments to distinguish it from the pedalboard, which is a keyboard that the organist plays...
organ was built in about 1890 by Gray and Davison
Gray and Davison
Gray & Davison was a large-scale manufacturer of church and cathedral pipe organs, based in London. The company was active between 1841–1973 and had its heyday between 1905–1930....
, and was restored and revoiced in 1945 by Wilkinson.
External features
In the churchyard is an ashlar sundialSundial
A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. In common designs such as the horizontal sundial, the sun casts a shadow from its style onto a surface marked with lines indicating the hours of the day. The style is the time-telling edge of the gnomon, often a thin rod or a...
consisting of three round steps and a baluster
Baluster
A baluster is a moulded shaft, square or of lathe-turned form, one of various forms of spindle in woodwork, made of stone or wood and sometimes of metal, standing on a unifying footing, and supporting the coping of a parapet or the handrail of a staircase. Multiplied in this way, they form a...
shaft. It dates probably from the 18th century, and is listed at Grade II. Also in the churchyard, and listed at Grade II is a monument dated 1780 consisting of a carved headstone. The churchyard cross, dating from 1897 was designed by Paley, Austin and Paley.