Stephen M. Schwebel
Encyclopedia
Stephen Myron Schwebel is an American
jurist and expert on international law
. He is well known for his separate and dissenting opinions as a Judge of the International Court of Justice
1981-2000 and for his involvement in many cases of the ICSID and Permanent Court of Arbitration
.
. He received his B.A. magna cum laude with highest honours in government from Harvard University
in 1950. He then studied at Cambridge University (1951) and the Yale Law School
, receiving his LL. B. in 1954. He was admitted to the New York bar the next year; to that of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1965; and of the District of Columbia in 1976. In the years 1967–1981 he was Edward B. Burling
Professor of International Law and Organization at the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), The Johns Hopkins University
in Washington, D.C.
He served at various positions in the U.S. Department of State, Legal Adviser Office in 1961–1981 and he was a member of the United Nations
International Law Commission
from 1977 to 1980. Judge Schwebel was first elected to the International Court of Justice
in January 1981. He was subsequently re-elected twice, and served as the President of the Court in the triennium 1997–2000, which marked one of the busiest dockets (of 22 new cases) in the history of the Court.
Judge Schwebel is at present an independent arbitrator and counsel in Washington, DC, and a door tenant
of Essex Court Chambers
in London. He has been appointed in 63 arbitral proceedings, 6 between States and 57 international commercial arbitrations (including investment disputes between States and foreign investors). He served as President of the inaugural UNCLOS Annex VII Southern Bluefin Tuna (Australia and NZ v Japan) and Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Maritime Delimitation Arbitrations. He specialises in disputes between states and foreign investors, and has acted as arbitrator in some of the largest of such disputes. He has been a member of ICSID's panels of arbitrators and of conciliators since 2000. Judge Schwebel since 2007 was President of the ICSID ad hoc Committee in the case of Malaysian Historical Salvors v. Government of Malaysia and, in 2008-2009, a member of the Abyei
Boundary Tribunal between the Government of Sudan and the Sudanese People's Revolutionary Movement, as well as the President of three other ICSID ad hoc Committees, including in the cases of Turkish Telecoms v. Government of Kazachstan and Helnan International Hotels v. Egypt. On 12 October 2010, Judge Schwebel was appointed by the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon
as the President of Pakistan v. India Kishanganga/Neelum River Hydro-Electric Project (Kashmir
) Arbitration. The prominent 7-Member Kishenganga Arbitral Tribunal was established under the India/Pakistan Indus Waters Treaty
and it also includes: ICJ Judge Bruno Simma and Jan Paulsson (both appointed on 17 May 2010 by Pakistan
), ICJ Judge Peter Tomka
and Lucius Caflisch (both appointed on 16 June 2010 by India
), and two neutral Arbitrators appointed on 12 and 17 December 2010 - Prof Howard S Wheater and Sir Franklin Berman, who was appointed by Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
. Judge Schwebel has, moreover, been chairman or party-appointed arbitrator in International Chamber of Commerce
(ICC), ICSID
, AAA
, Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm
Chamber of Commerce (SCC), LCIA
, Permanent Court of Arbitration
(PCA), Japan Commercial Arbitration Association (CAA), and UNCITRAL
ad hoc proceedings. Judge Schwebel has also acted as counsel and advocate for Colombia in its territorial
and maritime delimitation dispute with Nicaragua, involving Archipelago of San Andres and Providencia, for Belize
in its territorial, insular and maritime boundary
dispute with Guatemala, and for a number of other governments, corporations, and law firms in international proceedings. President of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Monetary Fund
in the years 1994-2010, he is a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
in The Hague and since 2007 - Judge Schwebel has served as a member and since 2010 as President of the World Bank
Administrative Tribunal. He was designated by The American Lawyer
in 2005 as one of the 'Top 10 Arbitrators' in the world, ranked number 2.
Judge Schwebel is the author of the pioneering International Arbitration: Three Salient Problems (Hersch Lauterpacht
Memorial Lectures 1987), celebrated Justice in International Law - Selected Writings of Judge Stephen M. Schwebel (1994), republished by Cambridge University Press
in 2008, as followed by Justice in International Law - Further Selected Writings od Judge Stephen M. Schwebel (Cambridge 2011), and he also authored some 175 articles on questions of international law and arbitration. He was awarded Yale Law School
Medal of Merit (1997), Manley O. Hudson Award (2000) and doctor honoris causa of Miami University Law School (2002). He is a member of the Institute of International Law, the Council on Foreign Relations
, AAA
, LCIA
, International Bar Association
, Japan CAA, and a former Honorary President of the American Society of International Law
(ASIL). The Judge Schwebel Fellows Suite - comprising three offices for Fellows engaged into international law research during a sabbatical or other leave from a regular position - was constructed and outfitted at ASIL's headquarters, Tillar House, in honour of Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel's 80th birthday in 2009. On 17 March 2011 Judge Schwebel held his historic Lecture on The Development of International Adjudication 1951-2011: A 60 Year Perspective at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, named after Sir Hersch Lauterpacht at University of Cambridge
.
The portrait photograph of Judge Schwebel was made by Max Koot Studio, The Hague and the portrait painted of that photograph was unveiled at ceremony held in Yale Law School
on 27 September 2007. During the ASIL Annual Meeting (International Law
as Law) in Washington, D.C.
in March 2009, Judge Schwebel chaired the Philip Jessup
50th Anniversary Honorary Committee, which included ICJ President Hisashi Owada
(2009–2012) and many other experts and authorities in international law. The Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel Prize for "Best Jessup Oralist" was won during the 2009 Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition by a member of the team from University of the Andes, Colombia
, the team which also won the Jessup Cup for that year.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
jurist and expert on international law
International law
Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states; analogous entities, such as the Holy See; and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond...
. He is well known for his separate and dissenting opinions as a Judge of the International Court of Justice
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands...
1981-2000 and for his involvement in many cases of the ICSID and Permanent Court of Arbitration
Permanent Court of Arbitration
The Permanent Court of Arbitration , is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands.-History:The court was established in 1899 as one of the acts of the first Hague Peace Conference, which makes it the oldest institution for international dispute resolution.The creation of...
.
Biography
Judge Schwebel was born on March 10, 1929 in New York CityNew York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
. He received his B.A. magna cum laude with highest honours in government from Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
in 1950. He then studied at Cambridge University (1951) and the Yale Law School
Yale Law School
Yale Law School, or YLS, is the law school of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Established in 1824, it offers the J.D., LL.M., J.S.D. and M.S.L. degrees in law. It also hosts visiting scholars, visiting researchers and a number of legal research centers...
, receiving his LL. B. in 1954. He was admitted to the New York bar the next year; to that of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1965; and of the District of Columbia in 1976. In the years 1967–1981 he was Edward B. Burling
Edward B. Burling
Edward Burnham Burling was a prominent American lawyer and the name partner of the Washington, D.C.-based law firm of Covington & Burling. He grew up in Eldora, Iowa and worked in a grocery store at age eleven, and went on to Grinnell College and then to Harvard Law School...
Professor of International Law and Organization at the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), The Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins University
The Johns Hopkins University, commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins, is a private research university based in Baltimore, Maryland, United States...
in Washington, D.C.
He served at various positions in the U.S. Department of State, Legal Adviser Office in 1961–1981 and he was a member of the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
International Law Commission
International Law Commission
The International Law Commission was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 for the "promotion of the progressive development of international law and its codification."It holds an annual session at the United Nations Office at Geneva....
from 1977 to 1980. Judge Schwebel was first elected to the International Court of Justice
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands...
in January 1981. He was subsequently re-elected twice, and served as the President of the Court in the triennium 1997–2000, which marked one of the busiest dockets (of 22 new cases) in the history of the Court.
Judge Schwebel is at present an independent arbitrator and counsel in Washington, DC, and a door tenant
Door tenant
A door tenant is a barrister who has been granted permission to join a set of chambers and work with them from premises outside the chambers themselves. Those members who work on the premises are simply 'tenants' while 'squatters' are those who make legitimate use of the premises without belonging...
of Essex Court Chambers
Essex Court Chambers
Essex Court Chambers is a leading set of commerclal barristers in Lincoln's Inn Fields, central London. The set is named after their former premises at 4 Essex Court in the Temple. It has 71 tenants, of whom 35 are Silks. With a turnover of £43.6 million, it is part of the Magic Circle and offers...
in London. He has been appointed in 63 arbitral proceedings, 6 between States and 57 international commercial arbitrations (including investment disputes between States and foreign investors). He served as President of the inaugural UNCLOS Annex VII Southern Bluefin Tuna (Australia and NZ v Japan) and Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Maritime Delimitation Arbitrations. He specialises in disputes between states and foreign investors, and has acted as arbitrator in some of the largest of such disputes. He has been a member of ICSID's panels of arbitrators and of conciliators since 2000. Judge Schwebel since 2007 was President of the ICSID ad hoc Committee in the case of Malaysian Historical Salvors v. Government of Malaysia and, in 2008-2009, a member of the Abyei
Abyei
The Abyei Area is an area of in Sudan accorded "special administrative status" by the 2004 Protocol on the resolution of the Abyei conflict in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended the Second Sudanese Civil War. The capital of Abyei Area is Abyei Town...
Boundary Tribunal between the Government of Sudan and the Sudanese People's Revolutionary Movement, as well as the President of three other ICSID ad hoc Committees, including in the cases of Turkish Telecoms v. Government of Kazachstan and Helnan International Hotels v. Egypt. On 12 October 2010, Judge Schwebel was appointed by the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon
Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon is the eighth and current Secretary-General of the United Nations, after succeeding Kofi Annan in 2007. Before going on to be Secretary-General, Ban was a career diplomat in South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the United Nations. He entered diplomatic service the year he...
as the President of Pakistan v. India Kishanganga/Neelum River Hydro-Electric Project (Kashmir
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
) Arbitration. The prominent 7-Member Kishenganga Arbitral Tribunal was established under the India/Pakistan Indus Waters Treaty
Indus Waters Treaty
The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-sharing treaty between the Republic of India and Islamic Republic Of Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank . The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and President of Pakistan Mohammad Ayub Khan...
and it also includes: ICJ Judge Bruno Simma and Jan Paulsson (both appointed on 17 May 2010 by Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
), ICJ Judge Peter Tomka
Peter Tomka
Peter Tomka , is a Slovak diplomat and has served as a Judge on the International Court of Justice since 2003.-Early life and education:...
and Lucius Caflisch (both appointed on 16 June 2010 by India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
), and two neutral Arbitrators appointed on 12 and 17 December 2010 - Prof Howard S Wheater and Sir Franklin Berman, who was appointed by Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales is the head of the judiciary and President of the Courts of England and Wales. Historically, he was the second-highest judge of the Courts of England and Wales, after the Lord Chancellor, but that changed as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005,...
. Judge Schwebel has, moreover, been chairman or party-appointed arbitrator in International Chamber of Commerce
International Chamber of Commerce
The International Chamber of Commerce is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its hundreds of thousands of member companies in over 130 countries have interests spanning every sector of private enterprise....
(ICC), ICSID
ICSID
ICSID may refer to:* International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes* International Council of Societies of Industrial Design...
, AAA
American Arbitration Association
The American Arbitration Association is a private enterprise in the business of arbitration, and one of several arbitration organizations that administers arbitration proceedings. The AAA also administers mediation and other forms of alternative dispute resolution. It is headquartered in New York...
, Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
Chamber of Commerce (SCC), LCIA
London Court of International Arbitration
The London Court of International Arbitration is an institution based in London, United Kingdom providing the service of international arbitration....
, Permanent Court of Arbitration
Permanent Court of Arbitration
The Permanent Court of Arbitration , is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands.-History:The court was established in 1899 as one of the acts of the first Hague Peace Conference, which makes it the oldest institution for international dispute resolution.The creation of...
(PCA), Japan Commercial Arbitration Association (CAA), and UNCITRAL
UNCITRAL
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was established by the United Nations General Assembly by its Resolution 2205 of 17 December 1966 "to promote the progressive harmonization and unification of international trade law"....
ad hoc proceedings. Judge Schwebel has also acted as counsel and advocate for Colombia in its territorial
Boundary delimitation
Boundary delimitation, or simply delimitation, is the term used to describe the drawing of boundaries, but is most often used to describe the drawing of electoral boundaries, specifically those of precincts, states, counties or other municipalities...
and maritime delimitation dispute with Nicaragua, involving Archipelago of San Andres and Providencia, for Belize
Belize
Belize is a constitutional monarchy and the northernmost country in Central America. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Even though Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official...
in its territorial, insular and maritime boundary
Maritime boundary
Maritime boundary is a conceptual means of division of the water surface of the planet into maritime areas that are defined through surrounding physical geography or by human geography. As such it usually includes areas of exclusive national rights over the mineral and biological resources,...
dispute with Guatemala, and for a number of other governments, corporations, and law firms in international proceedings. President of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...
in the years 1994-2010, he is a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
Permanent Court of Arbitration
The Permanent Court of Arbitration , is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands.-History:The court was established in 1899 as one of the acts of the first Hague Peace Conference, which makes it the oldest institution for international dispute resolution.The creation of...
in The Hague and since 2007 - Judge Schwebel has served as a member and since 2010 as President of the World Bank
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes.The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty...
Administrative Tribunal. He was designated by The American Lawyer
The American Lawyer
The American Lawyer is a monthly law magazine published by ALM. It was founded in 1979 by Steven Brill. Features include the annual AmLaw 100 Survey and AmLaw 200 Survey , "The View From the Top", their annual poll of law firm chairpersons, and their "Corporate Scorecard"...
in 2005 as one of the 'Top 10 Arbitrators' in the world, ranked number 2.
Judge Schwebel is the author of the pioneering International Arbitration: Three Salient Problems (Hersch Lauterpacht
Hersch Lauterpacht
Sir Hersch Lauterpacht was a member of the United Nations' International Law Commission from 1952 to 1954 and a Judge of the International Court of Justice from 1955 to 1960. In the words of former ICJ President Stephen M...
Memorial Lectures 1987), celebrated Justice in International Law - Selected Writings of Judge Stephen M. Schwebel (1994), republished by Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII in 1534, it is the world's oldest publishing house, and the second largest university press in the world...
in 2008, as followed by Justice in International Law - Further Selected Writings od Judge Stephen M. Schwebel (Cambridge 2011), and he also authored some 175 articles on questions of international law and arbitration. He was awarded Yale Law School
Yale Law School
Yale Law School, or YLS, is the law school of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Established in 1824, it offers the J.D., LL.M., J.S.D. and M.S.L. degrees in law. It also hosts visiting scholars, visiting researchers and a number of legal research centers...
Medal of Merit (1997), Manley O. Hudson Award (2000) and doctor honoris causa of Miami University Law School (2002). He is a member of the Institute of International Law, the Council on Foreign Relations
Council on Foreign Relations
The Council on Foreign Relations is an American nonprofit nonpartisan membership organization, publisher, and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs...
, AAA
American Arbitration Association
The American Arbitration Association is a private enterprise in the business of arbitration, and one of several arbitration organizations that administers arbitration proceedings. The AAA also administers mediation and other forms of alternative dispute resolution. It is headquartered in New York...
, LCIA
London Court of International Arbitration
The London Court of International Arbitration is an institution based in London, United Kingdom providing the service of international arbitration....
, International Bar Association
International Bar Association
The International Bar Association is an international association of lawyers and lawyers' associations. The IBA's stated purpose is to promote an exchange of information between legal associations worldwide, support the independence of the judiciary and the right of lawyers to practice their...
, Japan CAA, and a former Honorary President of the American Society of International Law
American Society of International Law
The American Society of International Law is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, educational membership organization, based in Washington, D.C.. It was founded in 1906, and was chartered by the United States Congress in 1950...
(ASIL). The Judge Schwebel Fellows Suite - comprising three offices for Fellows engaged into international law research during a sabbatical or other leave from a regular position - was constructed and outfitted at ASIL's headquarters, Tillar House, in honour of Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel's 80th birthday in 2009. On 17 March 2011 Judge Schwebel held his historic Lecture on The Development of International Adjudication 1951-2011: A 60 Year Perspective at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, named after Sir Hersch Lauterpacht at University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
.
The portrait photograph of Judge Schwebel was made by Max Koot Studio, The Hague and the portrait painted of that photograph was unveiled at ceremony held in Yale Law School
Yale Law School
Yale Law School, or YLS, is the law school of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Established in 1824, it offers the J.D., LL.M., J.S.D. and M.S.L. degrees in law. It also hosts visiting scholars, visiting researchers and a number of legal research centers...
on 27 September 2007. During the ASIL Annual Meeting (International Law
International law
Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states; analogous entities, such as the Holy See; and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond...
as Law) in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
in March 2009, Judge Schwebel chaired the Philip Jessup
Philip Jessup
Philip Caryl Jessup was a diplomat, scholar, and jurist from New York City.- Early life and education :Philip C. Jessup, the grandson of Henry Harris Jessup, received his undergraduate degree from Hamilton College in 1919. He then went on to earn a law degree from Yale Law School in 1924 and a Ph.D...
50th Anniversary Honorary Committee, which included ICJ President Hisashi Owada
Hisashi Owada
is a former Japanese diplomat and a judge on the International Court of Justice, and currently serves as its President, having been elected to this post in 2009.-Early life:Hisashi Owada was born in Shibata, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. After earning a B.A...
(2009–2012) and many other experts and authorities in international law. The Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel Prize for "Best Jessup Oralist" was won during the 2009 Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition by a member of the team from University of the Andes, Colombia
University of the Andes, Colombia
The University of the Andes , is a coeducational, nonsectarian private university located in city centre Bogotá, Colombia. Founded in 1948, the University has 9 faculties: Administration, Architecture and Design, Arts and Humanities, Sciences, Social Sciences, Law, Economics, Engineering and...
, the team which also won the Jessup Cup for that year.
Selected Books, Articles, Speeches, Lectures and Conference Presentations
- H.E. Former ICJ President Judge Stephen Schwebel's Lecture of 17 March 2011 on The Development of International Adjudication 1951-2011: A 60 Year Perspective
- Justice in International Law - Further Selected Writings od Judge Stephen M. Schwebel (Cambridge University PressCambridge University PressCambridge University Press is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII in 1534, it is the world's oldest publishing house, and the second largest university press in the world...
2011), as preceded by Justice in International Law - Selected Writings of Judge Stephen M. Schwebel (1994) republished in 2008 and GAR Announcement of Judge Schwebel's Book of 20 October 2008 and in ASIL News 2008 p.4 - Judge Stephen Schwebel: International Jurist Extraordinaire, 11 Legal Information Management 55-64 (2011) by Cambridge Librarian Lesley Dingle and Cambridge Squire Law Library of H.E. Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel and Squire Law Conversation of Lesley Dingle with Judge Schwebel of 13 May 2009 and His Squire Law Library Photographs as also linked at Photo Galleries
- Professor Edith Brown Weiss and Charles Brower and ICJ Presidents H.E. Rosalyn HigginsRosalyn HigginsDame Rosalyn Higgins, DBE, QC is the former President of the International Court of Justice. Higgins was the first female judge to be appointed to the ICJ, and was elected President in 2006. Her term of office expired on 6 February 2009...
and H.E. Stephen M. Schwebel at the 104th ASIL Annual Dinner of 26 March 2010 in Ritz Carlton in Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
and 104th ASIL Annual Dinner's Video in 104th ASIL Videos - Brandeis Institute for International Judges 2007 pages 21 and 34 and 5th Brandeis on 23-28 July 2007, Including H.E. Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel and H.E. Judges Hisashi OwadaHisashi Owadais a former Japanese diplomat and a judge on the International Court of Justice, and currently serves as its President, having been elected to this post in 2009.-Early life:Hisashi Owada was born in Shibata, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. After earning a B.A...
and Peter TomkaPeter TomkaPeter Tomka , is a Slovak diplomat and has served as a Judge on the International Court of Justice since 2003.-Early life and education:... - ICJ Presidents H.E. Rosalyn HigginsRosalyn HigginsDame Rosalyn Higgins, DBE, QC is the former President of the International Court of Justice. Higgins was the first female judge to be appointed to the ICJ, and was elected President in 2006. Her term of office expired on 6 February 2009...
and H.E. Stephen M. Schwebel at the ILSA-ASIL Gala Dinner Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Philip JessupPhilip JessupPhilip Caryl Jessup was a diplomat, scholar, and jurist from New York City.- Early life and education :Philip C. Jessup, the grandson of Henry Harris Jessup, received his undergraduate degree from Hamilton College in 1919. He then went on to earn a law degree from Yale Law School in 1924 and a Ph.D...
Moot Court Competition on 27 March 2009 and Jessup's 50th Anniversary Honorary Committee Chaired by H.E. Judge Schwebel and 50th Jessup Programme and Prize for "Best Jessup Oralist" Launched in Honour of Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel and 2009 Jessup Champion at the 103rd ASIL Annual Meeting on International Law as Law, Fairmont Hotel in Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
, 25–28 March 2009 and page 1: ASIL Newsletter 2009 and Colombia Wins 2009 Jessup Moot Court and Universidad del los Andes and Judge Schwebel About Jessup of 3 June 2008 - Clean Hands Principle by H.E. Former ICJ President Schwebel in the Max Planck Encyclopedia 2009, as recorded under Clean Hands Doctrine at pages 310-311 in Decisions of the World Court Relevant to the UNCLOS (2nd Revised Edition 2010) and at NILOS website
- H.E. Former ICJ President Schwebel's Lecture on International Adjudication and Arbitration at newly launched in October 2008 UN Audiovisual Library of International Law and Judge Schwebel's ASIL/Yale Reflections on International Adjudication and UN-Law
- Former President Schwebel Presides over Conversation with ICC Prosecutor Ocampo of 5 February 2010 and ICC and Recommendations of ASIL ICC-USA Task Force, Including Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel, on U.S. Policy Toward the International Criminal CourtInternational Criminal CourtThe International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression .It came into being on 1 July 2002—the date its founding treaty, the Rome Statute of the...
of 2 February 2009 and ASIL/ILIB of 6 February 2009 and page 1: ASIL Newsletter and ASIL News of 1 April 2009 and ASIL/ILIB of 17 April 2009 - Carnegie Panel on The International Judge and Global Justice and Transcript of 19 March 2008 and Video with Former ICJ President Schwebel and Cesare Romano and Daniel Terris and The Blawgraphy
- Yale Law School Reunion 2004: Judging International Law with http://www.icj-cij.org/court/index.php?p1=1&p2=3H.E. ICJ Judges Rosalyn HigginsRosalyn HigginsDame Rosalyn Higgins, DBE, QC is the former President of the International Court of Justice. Higgins was the first female judge to be appointed to the ICJ, and was elected President in 2006. Her term of office expired on 6 February 2009...
and Stephen M. Schwebel] and Yale News of 11 October 2004 - Careers in International Law by Former ICJ President Schwebel and ASIL Career Guide and Conversation with Judge Stephen M. Schwebel and Former ICJ President Schwebel: "There’s More International Adjudication Than There Ever Has Been in History” of 22 October 2008
- International Dispute Settlement Program 7 with ICJ Judges Rosalyn Higgins and Stephen Schwebel and Grotius Lecture of President Rosalyn HigginsRosalyn HigginsDame Rosalyn Higgins, DBE, QC is the former President of the International Court of Justice. Higgins was the first female judge to be appointed to the ICJ, and was elected President in 2006. Her term of office expired on 6 February 2009...
- Foreword of Former ICJ President Schwebel to Vanderbilt J. Transnational Law October 2003 and His Essay in Honour of Oscar Schachter, 42 Columbia J. Transnational L. 645-647 2004
- Former ICJ President Schwebel's Foreword to US Practice in International Law 2005 and Contents and His Essay in Honour of Judge Florentino Feliciano 2005 and Asia Catalogue
- 2006 ASIL: Fair and Equitable Treatment in International Law under Former ICJ President Schwebel's Chair and Programme and ASIL Proceedings
- Former ICJ President Schwebel's Chair of the US and UNCLOS Panel at Louis B. Sohn Symposium and Symposium's Proceedings in 39 GWILR 2007 No. 3
- What Weight to Conquest? by ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel as reprinted and 5 June 2008
- Amazon.com Featured Books for "Judge Schwebel"
Selected State-Company BIT and Commercial Awards
- CME v. Czech Republic
- H.E. Former ICJ President Schwebel in the 16th Investment Treaty Forum (ITF) on 6 May 2011 and His Paper at this 16th ITF on EU Investment Treaties and http://www.globalarbitrationreview.com/news/article/29457/schwebel-speaks-against-us-canada/Judge Schwebel's Views of 13 May 2011 on "Fair and Equitable Treatment" in NAFTA Cases and Investment Treaty Arbitration
- H.E. Former ICJ President Schwebel's GAR Interview of 27 April 2010 and American Lawyer 'Top 10 Arbitrators', including Judge Schwebel and His serving as Arbitrator or Counsel in many of Top 50 Treaty Disputes 2007 and Top Treaty Arbitrations 2009
- The Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaSaudi ArabiaThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
and Aramco Arbitrate the Onassis Agreement by Judge Stephen M. Schwebel, 3 World Energy Law Bus 245-256 (2010 No.3 Oxford) and Pdf Text - Keynote Speech of H.E. Judge Stephen M. Schwebel at the BIICL Investment Treaties at 50: Host State Perspective, London, 15 May 2009 as Reported upon in GAR and Arbitration Data Base
- ICSIDInternational Centre for Settlement of Investment DisputesThe International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes , an institution of the World Bank Group based in Washington, D.C., was established in 1966 pursuant to the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States...
Malaysian Historical Salvors v. Government of Malaysia Committee and H.E. President Stephen M. Schwebel and Judges Peter TomkaPeter TomkaPeter Tomka , is a Slovak diplomat and has served as a Judge on the International Court of Justice since 2003.-Early life and education:...
and Mohamed Shahabuddeen, and Annulment Award of 16 April 2009 and Malaysian Historical Salvors (Jurisdiction) Award Annulled of 23 April 2009 and GAR Comments of 28 August 2009 and Procedural Details and UNCTAD File - ICM Registry LLC v. ICANNICANNThe Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a non-profit corporation headquartered in Marina del Rey, California, United States, that was created on September 18, 1998, and incorporated on September 30, 1998 to oversee a number of Internet-related tasks previously performed directly...
Top Level Domain Declaration of 19 February 2010 of the ICDR Judicial Review Panel,H.E. President Stephen M. Schwebel, Arbitrators Jan Paulsson and Dickran Tevrizian and ICM v. ICANN Proceedings and ASIL/ILIB of 5 March 2010 and .xxx Internet Domain Plan Resurrected of 9 March 2010 and Panel Makes Internet History of 24 February 2010 and ICDR Panel Urges ICANN to Reconsider and Channel 4 and ICANN Approves Creation of .xxx Domain of 25 June 2010 and Arbitration Database - Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel's Review of 24 February 2009 of Gary BornGary BornGary B. Born is an international lawyer and academic. He is chair of the International Arbitration and International litigation practices at the international law firm Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP and the author of a number of commentaries, casebooks and other works on international...
and Arbitral Awards and Judge Schwebel as Moderator at p.3 of the 4th International Arbitration and Mediation Conference, 15-16 June 2009, Investor-State Arbitration Panel and this Conference's ASIL File with ICSID Secretary-General Meg Kinnear in New York CityNew York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
and Fordham Calendar - Judge Stephen M. Schwebel's Essay, in Investment Treaty Arbitration and International Law Spring 2009 and His A BIT About ICSID of 31 March 2009
- Judge Stephen M. Schwebel as Peru's Counsel in ICSID Duke Energy v. Peru and GAR of 19 March 2009 and Arbitration Database
- Helnan International Hotels v. Egypt Committee, President Stephen M. Schwebel and Helnan v. Egypt (Annulment) Award of 28 June 2010 and Procedural Details and Investor-State Dispute Settlement (2010) and ICSID and Arbitration Data Base
- Withdrawal of Claims in the ICSID Fondel Arbitration of 14 January 2009
- 3 UNCITRALUNCITRALThe United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was established by the United Nations General Assembly by its Resolution 2205 of 17 December 1966 "to promote the progressive harmonization and unification of international trade law"....
Yukos v. Russian Federation (Jurisdiction) Awards of 30 November 2009 as Published on 1 February 2010, President L. Yves Fortier and Arbitrators Charles Poncet and Stephen M. Schwebel and Yukos Awards Positive for Energy Investors of 1 December 2009 and New York Times and Guardian and EurActiv and 2 December 2009 and 4 December 2009 and The Yukos Arbitration So Far of 16 February 2010 and Interview with President L. Yves Fortier of 16 February 2010 and All About Yves and ASIL Insight on Yukos v. Russia Awards of 3 August 2010 and PCA-UNCITRAL and Arbitration Data Base - UNCITRALUNCITRALThe United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was established by the United Nations General Assembly by its Resolution 2205 of 17 December 1966 "to promote the progressive harmonization and unification of international trade law"....
Dominican Republic Triple Arbitrations of 21 September 2009, including Judge Stephen M. Schwebel in the International Chamber of CommerceInternational Chamber of CommerceThe International Chamber of Commerce is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its hundreds of thousands of member companies in over 130 countries have interests spanning every sector of private enterprise....
Proceedings - Waguih Elie George Siag & Clorinda Vecci v. Egypt (Annulment) Committee, including President Stephen M. Schwebel, Azzedine Kettani and Judge Peter TomkaPeter TomkaPeter Tomka , is a Slovak diplomat and has served as a Judge on the International Court of Justice since 2003.-Early life and education:...
and ICSID - Turkish Telecoms v. Government of Kazachstan Award of 30 March 2009, President Stephen M. Schwebel and Turkish Phone Companies Await Payment of 30 April 2010 and ICSID and The Overwhelming Merits of Bilateral Investment Treaties by Judge Schwebel of 31 October 2008
- Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel's Luncheon Address at the 2nd Investment Treaty Conference of 25 April 2008 and Judge Schwebel's Is Mediation of Foreign Investment Disputes Plausible? (2009) and His A BIT About ICSID, in TDM 2010 No.1
- Judge Schwebel, The Overwhelming Merits of BITs, 32 Suffolk Transnational Law Review 263 (2009) and Judge Schwebel's Essay on 2004 U.S. Model BIT, in The Fordham Papers (2009)
- H.E. Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel at Launching International Arbitration Club on 6 November 2008 in Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
and ICSID Perspective by Former President Schwebel of 14 November 2008 at 25th AAA-ICC-ICSID in New York CityNew York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and... - Judge Stephen M. Schwebel's Membership in UNCITRALUNCITRALThe United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was established by the United Nations General Assembly by its Resolution 2205 of 17 December 1966 "to promote the progressive harmonization and unification of international trade law"....
1989-1990 Biloune and Marine Drive Complex Ltd v. Ghana Investment Centre and the Government of Ghana Awards and BIICL Summary and Position of Ghana on the Arrangements with Valco of 7 May 2003 and 20 November 2008 and Flashback
Selected ICJ-PCA Inter-State Boundary and Other Judgments and Awards
- H.E. Former ICJ President Schwebel's In Memoriam Shabtai RosenneShabtai RosenneShabtai Rosenne , formerly known as Sefton Wilfred David Rowson was a Professor of International Law and an Israeli diplomat....
1917-2010, 105 AJIL 91-93 2011/No.1 and Cambridge Photograph of President Schwebel with Rosenne and in 26 IJMCL 1-3 2011/No.1 and NILOS Papers and Solemn Tribute of ICJ President Hisashi OwadaHisashi Owadais a former Japanese diplomat and a judge on the International Court of Justice, and currently serves as its President, having been elected to this post in 2009.-Early life:Hisashi Owada was born in Shibata, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. After earning a B.A...
to the Memory of Rosenne, CR 2010/12, at 10 of 11 October 2010 and UN 6th Committee Pays Respect to the Israeli Jurist Shabtai Rosenne of 6 October 2010 and Rosenne's Obituary of 12 October 2010 by Malcolm Shaw and The Telegraph (UK) Obituary of Rosenne - The ICJ: The Road Ahead of 3 October 2007 and Video with H.E. Former ICJ President Stephen Schwebel, David Colson, Ruth Wedgwood and John Crook and Speaker: H.E. Judge Schwebel and Ruth Wedgwood in UN of 3 April 2009
- Decisions of the World Court Relevant to the UNCLOS (2010) and Contents & Indexes and Full Text Online dedicated to H.E. Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel
- Judge Schwebel in Advisory Board of The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals Journal of the Martinus Nijhoff
- ICJ Triennium of President Stephen M. Schwebel, 1997-2000 and Beyond as of 15 March 2010 at NILOS Online Papers and NILOS New Website and Paperback 2006 and India Bookshop and Sale and 16 IJMCL 1-40 2001 and 14 NILOS Documentary Yearbook 1998 (2000)
- Kishanganga River - Jammu and KashmirKashmirKashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
-Project Arbitration of 1 November 2010, President Stephen M. Schwebel and Arbitrators: ICJ Judges Peter TomkaPeter TomkaPeter Tomka , is a Slovak diplomat and has served as a Judge on the International Court of Justice since 2003.-Early life and education:...
and Bruno SimmaBruno SimmaBruno Simma , is a German jurist who has served as a judge on the International Court of Justice since 2003....
as well as Lucius Caflisch and Jan Paulsson, Prof. Howard S. Wheater and Sir Franklin Berman and PCA Cases and H.E. Stephen M. Schwebel Presides over Kishenganga Arbitration Court of 30 October 2010 and Prof. Howard S. Wheater and Sir Franklin Berman Appointed as Arbitrators of 25 December 2010 and Kishenganga Arbitration Starts Mid-January 2011 and Dates of Kishenganga Memorial & Counter-Memorial Fixed of 15 January 2011 and PCA Cases and Pakistan's Memorial by the Middle of April 2011, India's Counter-Memorial by the Middle of October 2011 of 19 March 2011 and 20 June 2011 and unanimous Kishenganga (Interim Measures) Order of 23 September 2011 and PCA Court Halts Permanent Works of India on Kishenganga Dam and SiloBreaker Arbitral Homepage and Indus Waters TreatyIndus Waters TreatyThe Indus Waters Treaty is a water-sharing treaty between the Republic of India and Islamic Republic Of Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank . The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and President of Pakistan Mohammad Ayub Khan...
and IWT Text and IBRU Data Base - Former ICJ President Schwebel as Colombia's Counsel in ICJ Nicaragua v. Colombia (Preliminary Objections) and (Merits) and 2007 Preliminary Objections Judgment and ASIL and BBC and Colombia President's Statement and Colombia MFA's Statement and Analysis in 20 Hague YIL 75-119 2008
- Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Award, Tribunal's President H.E. Stephen M. Schwebel, published in XXVII UNRIAA 147-251 and PCA Award Series and Cambridge 2010 and Key Boundaries
- Analysis of Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago under Presidency of Judge Stephen M. Schwebel as of 15 March 2010 and Award's Map and Coalter Lathrop Map and 22 IJMCL 7-60 2007 and NILOS Online Papers and 39 GWILR pp.573-620 2007 No.3 and Full Text and Catalogue
- Judge Schwebel's Comments of 15 October 2007 on 2007 Guyana/Suriname Jurisdiction & Merits Award
- North/South Sudan Abyei Boundary Tribunal, including Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel and Vice-President Awn Shawkat Al-KhasawnehAwn Shawkat Al-KhasawnehAwn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh is the Prime Minister of Jordan. He was a judge at International Court of Justice beginning in 2000, and re-elected to serve another nine-year term on November 6, 2008.-Career:...
and 3 July 2008 and Yale Blogs and UN SRSG for Sudan Praises Abyei Progress of 11 September 2008 and Parties Deposit Abyei Arbitration Agreement and Designate Agents of 2 October 2008 and 31 October 2008 and Norway's Contribution to the PCA Fund for North and South Sudan of 18 December 2008 and Sudan Applauds U.S. President Obama of 22 January 2009 and the White HouseWhite HouseThe White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the president of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical...
and the Abyei Tribunal's Schedule for the Written Pleadings and Oral Hearing and Abyei Hearing Schedule, 18-23 April 2009 and Abyei Hearing Proceeds Following Expense Row of 17 April 2009 and Oral Hearing of Abyei Arbitration Begins on 18 April 2009 and Hearings Begin in UN-Backed Tribunal over Disputed Abyei Area in Sudan of 20 April 2009 and Final Abyei Boundary Award of 22 July 2009 and UNSG Ban Ki-Moon's Statement Commends the Abyei Award and Hague Final Abyei Ruling Raises Big Peace Hopes in Sudan and BBC and GAR and Justice Portal and SPLM-NPC Joint Statement on the Abyei Award's Implementation and USA, EU and Others Welcome PCA Verdict on Abyei and Ruling on Oil Region Boilsters Peace in Sudan and BIICL Resolving Abyei Competing Claims of 21 November 2009 and GOSS and Abyei Boundary Arbitration Homepage - Eritrea/Ethiopia and Arbitral Commission's Members, including Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel and Yale Blogs and UNEEBC and 25 UNRIAA 83-195 and Award Series
- ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel's Membership in Eritrea/Yemen Awards, published in XXII UNRIAA 211, 335 and Award Series and Analaysis 93 AJIL pp.668-682 1999 and 94 AJIL pp.721-736 2000
- Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel as Co-Author of GAR Guatemala's Territorial Claim to Belize Joint Legal Opinion and Other Documents and Judge Schwebel as Belize's Counsel in Submission of Belize/Guatemala Case to the ICJ in 2009 and Summary of Legal Opinion of 25 November 2008 and http://www.oas.org/OASpage/press_releases/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-463/08Belize/Guatemala ICJ Compromis Signed at OAS in Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
on 8 December 2008] and Compromis and Videos and U.S. Congratulations and U.K. Congratulations and Photographs and Compromis for Christmas of 8 December 2008 and Belize's Leading Counsel, including H.E. Judge Schwebel of 19 December 2008 and Belize Seriously Concerned by Guatemala's Incursions of 22 July 2011 and OAS Belize/Guatemala Dispute Homepage
Other External Links
- ICJ Presidents and UN International Law
- Manley O. Hudson Award of H.E. ICJ President Schwebel and All Hudson Awards as of 26 January 2009
- Miami Honoris Causa for H.E. ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel - screen page 10 of 19 May 2002
- H.E. Former ICJ President Schwebel's Membership, along with i.a. U.S. Legal Adviser Harold Hongju KohHarold Hongju KohHarold Hongju Koh is an Korean American lawyer and legal scholar. He currently serves as the Legal Adviser of the Department of State. He was nominated to his current position by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2009, and confirmed by the Senate on June 25, 2009.In public service, Koh...
, in the U.S. National Group of the PCA which on 18 June 2010 nominated U.S. Principal Deputy Legal Adviser Joan E. Donoghue to be the third - after ICJ President Rosalyn HigginsRosalyn HigginsDame Rosalyn Higgins, DBE, QC is the former President of the International Court of Justice. Higgins was the first female judge to be appointed to the ICJ, and was elected President in 2006. Her term of office expired on 6 February 2009...
and Ms Xue Hanqin - woman Judge in the International Court of Justice's history and U.S. Foreign Secretary Hillary Clinton's Congratulations and ASIL/ILIB and Judge Donoghue Elected by the UNSC and UNGA to the World Court on 9 September 2010 - Judge Stephen M. Schwebel's Membership in Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs
- ASIL Tillar House Fellows Suit in Honour of Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel, 25 ASIL Newsletter 2009 No.3, page 7
- Biography of Former ICJ President Schwebel in UN Audiovisual Library of International Law
- Photographs of Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel gathered for the Cambridge Eminent Scholars Archive as also linked at Photo Galleries and TDM 2010 No.1
- Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel as Honorary Fellow of Lauterpacht Centre and Hersch LauterpachtHersch LauterpachtSir Hersch Lauterpacht was a member of the United Nations' International Law Commission from 1952 to 1954 and a Judge of the International Court of Justice from 1955 to 1960. In the words of former ICJ President Stephen M...
: Fragments for a Portrait by ICJ President Schwebel, 8 EJIL 1997 No.2 and Judge Schwebel's review of Hersch Lauterpacht, 99 AJIL 726-729 (2005) and Judge Schwebel's Remarks on Sir Hersch Lauterpacht during Discussion and Dinner at the 25th Anniversary Conference of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law on 11-12 July 2008 and Former ICJ President Schwebel's Review of The Life of Hersch Lauterpacht by Elihu Lauterpacht (Cambridge November 2010) - Judge Stephen M. Schwebel's IAIParis.com Profile and His GAR Profile and Who's Who Legal
- SAIS Johns Hopkins University and Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel Rejoins SAIS as Jurist-in-Residence
- Editorial Board of the Transnational Dispute Management, including Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel and TDM Authors and His Membership in the Yearbook of International Investment Law and Policy
- Judge Stephen M. Schwebel's Membership in Essex Court Chambers and His CV of Essex Chambers of 2011 and London Chambers and Partners
- Judge Stephen M. Schwebel's Membership in 6th IDI Commission on The Position of International Judge and 18th IDI Commission on Legal Aspects of Recourse to Bilateral Investment TreatyBilateral Investment TreatyA bilateral investment treaty is an agreement establishing the terms and conditions for private investment by nationals and companies of one state in another state. This type of investment is called foreign direct investment . BITs are established through trade pacts...
Arbitration of the Institute of International Law and IDI Members