Stylidium subg. Andersonia
Encyclopedia
Andersonia is a subgenus
of Stylidium that is characterized by a linear hypanthium
, recurved mature capsule
walls, an erect and persistent septum, and many seeds. This subgenus occurs in areas of tropical northern Australia
and into Southeast Asia
and was named in honour of William Anderson
, the surgeon and naturalist who sailed with James Cook
.
had treated subgenus Andersonia as a rank without sections. He also had established the subgenus Alsinoides for species related to S. alsinoides
, which are morphologically similar to species of subgenus Andersonia. In 2000, A.R. Bean published a taxonomic revision of subgenus Andersonia and reduced subgenus Alsinoides to sectional rank, renamed Alsinoida
. Bean also established three other new sections based on cladistic analysis: Biloba
, Uniflora
, and Tenella
, which is really just George Bentham
's series
Tenellae, though heavily revised. By adding sectional ranks to subgenus Andersonia, Bean also established the autonym
section Andersonia
.
In 2010, Sachin A. Punekar and P. Lakshminarasimhan published the new species S. darwinii
from Western Ghats
of Karnataka
, India. They placed it in subgenus Andersonia and mentioned it was closely allied with S. kunthii
, S. inconspicuum
, and S. tenellum
, but they did not place it within a section. Also in 2010, botanist A. R. Bean described three new Australian species from the Northern Territory (S. exiguum, S. notabile, and S. osculum) that belong to subgenus Andersonia, but he did not place them within a section.
Subgenus
In biology, a subgenus is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.In zoology, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the generic name and the specific epithet: e.g. the Tiger Cowry of the Indo-Pacific, Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, which...
of Stylidium that is characterized by a linear hypanthium
Hypanthium
A hypanthium is a floral structure consisting of the bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens fused together. Its presence is diagnostic of many families, including the Rosaceae, Grossulariaceae, and Fabaceae...
, recurved mature capsule
Capsule (fruit)
In botany a capsule is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. A capsule is a structure composed of two or more carpels that in most cases is dehiscent, i.e. at maturity, it splits apart to release the seeds within. A few capsules are indehiscent, for example...
walls, an erect and persistent septum, and many seeds. This subgenus occurs in areas of tropical northern Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and into Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
and was named in honour of William Anderson
William Anderson (naturalist)
William Anderson was a Scottish naturalist, one of seven children of schoolmaster Robert Anderson and Jean...
, the surgeon and naturalist who sailed with James Cook
James Cook
Captain James Cook, FRS, RN was a British explorer, navigator and cartographer who ultimately rose to the rank of captain in the Royal Navy...
.
Taxonomy
In his 1908 monograph, Johannes MildbraedJohannes Mildbraed
Gottfried Wilhelm Johannes Mildbraed was a German botanist that specialized in mosses, ferns, and various spermatophytes. He is well-known for authoring the most current monograph and taxonomic treatment of the family Stylidiaceae in 1908 as part of the unfinished Das Pflanzenreich series. The...
had treated subgenus Andersonia as a rank without sections. He also had established the subgenus Alsinoides for species related to S. alsinoides
Stylidium alsinoides
Stylidium alsinoides is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium . It is an erect annual plant that grows from 18 to 30 cm tall. Obovate or elliptical leaves, about 20–100 per plant, are scattered along the elongate, glabrous stems. The leaves are generally...
, which are morphologically similar to species of subgenus Andersonia. In 2000, A.R. Bean published a taxonomic revision of subgenus Andersonia and reduced subgenus Alsinoides to sectional rank, renamed Alsinoida
Stylidium sect. Alsinoida
Stylidium section Alsinoida is a taxonomic rank under Stylidium subgenus Andersonia. In his 1908 monograph on the family Stylidiaceae, Johannes Mildbraed had established the subgenus Alsinoides for species related to S. alsinoides, which were morphologically similar to species of subgenus...
. Bean also established three other new sections based on cladistic analysis: Biloba
Stylidium sect. Biloba
Stylidium section Biloba is a taxonomic rank under Stylidium subgenus Andersonia. All the species in this section occur in northern Australia. In 2000, A.R. Bean published a taxonomic revision of subgenus Andersonia and established this section to separate these three species based on morphological...
, Uniflora
Stylidium sect. Uniflora
Stylidium section Uniflora is a taxonomic rank under Stylidium subgenus Andersonia. In 2000, A.R. Bean published a taxonomic revision of subgenus Andersonia and established this section to separate these five species based on morphological and cladistic analysis.As the section epithet suggests, the...
, and Tenella
Stylidium sect. Tenella
Stylidium section Tenella is a taxonomic rank under Stylidium subgenus Andersonia. In 2000, A.R. Bean published a taxonomic revision of subgenus Andersonia and established this section to separate these eleven species based on morphological and cladistic analysis...
, which is really just George Bentham
George Bentham
George Bentham CMG FRS was an English botanist, characterized by Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century".- Formative years :...
's series
Series (botany)
Series is a low-level taxonomic rank below that of section but above that of species.In botany, a series is a subdivision of a genus...
Tenellae, though heavily revised. By adding sectional ranks to subgenus Andersonia, Bean also established the autonym
Autonym (botany)
In botanical nomenclature, autonyms are automatically created names, as regulated by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature . Autonyms are cited without an author. Relevant provisions are in articles 6.8, 22.1-3 and 26.1-3....
section Andersonia
Stylidium sect. Andersonia
Stylidium section Andersonia is a taxonomic rank under Stylidium subgenus Andersonia. In 2000, A.R. Bean published a taxonomic revision of subgenus Andersonia and placed species within sections in the subgenus Andersonia, thus creating this autonym section. It contains 13 species...
.
In 2010, Sachin A. Punekar and P. Lakshminarasimhan published the new species S. darwinii
Stylidium darwinii
Stylidium darwinii is a small, erect annual plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium . It grows up to tall. Elliptic-oblong or obovate to orbicular leaves are scattered and alternate along the simple, glabrous stem. The leaves are generally 2-3 mm long and 1.5-1.8 mm wide...
from Western Ghats
Western Ghats
The Western Ghats, Western Ghauts or the Sahyādri is a mountain range along the western side of India. It runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. The Western Ghats block rainfall to the Deccan...
of Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
, India. They placed it in subgenus Andersonia and mentioned it was closely allied with S. kunthii
Stylidium kunthii
Stylidium kunthii is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium and is one of the few species in the genus that is not native to Australia. It is an erect annual plant that grows from 8 to 20 cm tall. Obovate, orbicular, or obleanceolate leaves, about 5-15 per plant, form...
, S. inconspicuum
Stylidium inconspicuum
Stylidium inconspicuum is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium . It is an annual plant that grows from 5 to 20 cm tall. Obovate or elliptical leaves, about 5-30 per plant, are scattered along the elongate, glabrous stem. The leaves are generally 4-8 mm long and...
, and S. tenellum
Stylidium tenellum
Stylidium tenellum is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium . It is an annual plant that grows from 5 to 27 cm tall. The obovate or elliptical leaves, about 6-14 per plant, are scattered along the elongate, glabrous stem and are generally 3.5-8.5 mm long and...
, but they did not place it within a section. Also in 2010, botanist A. R. Bean described three new Australian species from the Northern Territory (S. exiguum, S. notabile, and S. osculum) that belong to subgenus Andersonia, but he did not place them within a section.