Supreme People's Procuratorate
Encyclopedia
The Supreme People's Procuratorate is the highest agency at the national level responsible for both prosecution and investigation in the People's Republic of China
. Hong Kong
and Macau
, as special administrative regions, have their own separate legal systems, based on common law
traditions and Portuguese
legal traditions respectively, and are out of the jurisdiction of the SPP.
The office of the Procurator is influenced by similar institutions (public procurator
) in both Japan
and Socialist legal system
s, and finds equivalence in most civil law
systems, which often use an inquisitorial system
. Its direct predecessor institution in China is the Procuratorial Office of the Supreme Court of the Republic of China
, which in turn is descended from the Procuratorial Office of the Dali Yuan of the late Qing Dynasty
.
The current Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Chief Grand Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China is Cao Jianming
.
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
and Macau
Macau
Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
, as special administrative regions, have their own separate legal systems, based on common law
Common law
Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action...
traditions and Portuguese
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
legal traditions respectively, and are out of the jurisdiction of the SPP.
The office of the Procurator is influenced by similar institutions (public procurator
Public procurator
A public procurator is an officer of a state charged with both the investigation and prosecution of crime. The office is a feature of a civil law inquisitorial rather than common law adversarial system of law and is usually found in current or former communist states...
) in both Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
and Socialist legal system
Socialist law
Socialist law denotes a general type of legal system which has been used in communist and formerly communist states. It is based on the civil law system, with major modifications and additions from Marxist-Leninist ideology. There is controversy as to whether socialist law ever constituted a...
s, and finds equivalence in most civil law
Civil law (legal system)
Civil law is a legal system inspired by Roman law and whose primary feature is that laws are codified into collections, as compared to common law systems that gives great precedential weight to common law on the principle that it is unfair to treat similar facts differently on different...
systems, which often use an inquisitorial system
Inquisitorial system
An inquisitorial system is a legal system where the court or a part of the court is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case, as opposed to an adversarial system where the role of the court is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecution and the defense...
. Its direct predecessor institution in China is the Procuratorial Office of the Supreme Court of the Republic of China
Supreme Court of the Republic of China
The Supreme Court of the Republic of China -History:In 1927, the government of the Republic of China renamed Dali Yuan to the Supreme Court...
, which in turn is descended from the Procuratorial Office of the Dali Yuan of the late Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
.
The current Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Chief Grand Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China is Cao Jianming
Cao Jianming
Cao Jianming is the Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China.-Biography:He received his LL.B and LL.M degrees from East China University of Political Science and Law in 1983 and 1986....
.
List of Procurators-General
- Luo RonghuanLuo RonghuanLuo Ronghuan was a Chinese communist military leader.-Biography:Luo was born in a village in Hengshan County, Hunan Province. He joined the Chinese Communist Youth League in April 1927 and the Chinese Communist Party later that year...
(罗荣桓, 最高人民检察署署长), October 1949 - October 1954 - Zhang DingchengZhang Dingcheng-Biography:Zhang Dingcheng was born in Yongding County, Fujian in 1898. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1927.Zhang was the Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate from 1954 to 1975.-External links:...
(张鼎丞), September 1954 - January 1975- Office canceled according to the 1975 Constitution1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of ChinaThe 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was promulgated in the midst of the unrest of the Cultural Revolution by the 4th National People's Congress....
from 1975 to 1978
- Office canceled according to the 1975 Constitution
- Huang HuoqingHuang HuoqingHuang Huoqing was a politician of the People's Republic of China.-Biography:Huang Huoqing was born in Zaoyang County, Hubei in 1901...
(黄火青), March 1978 - March 1983 - Yang YichenYang Yichen (1914–1997)Yang Yichen was a politician of the People's Republic of China.-Biography:Yang Yichen was born in Faku County, Liaoning in 1914....
(杨易辰), March 1983 - March 1988 - Liu FuzhiLiu FuzhiLiu Fuzhi was the Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China.-Biography:Liu was born in Mei County, Meizhou, Guangdong...
(刘复之), April 1988 - March 1993 - Zhang SiqingZhang SiqingZhang Siqing is a Chinese politician.-Biography:Zhang was born in Luoyang, Henan in 1932...
(张思卿), 1993 - 1998 - Han ZhubinHan ZhubinHan Zhubin was Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and is the current President of China Law Society.-Biography:A native to Haerbin, Heilongjiang, Han Zhubin joined the Communist Party of China in 1950....
(韩杼滨), 1998 - 2003 - Jia ChunwangJia ChunwangJia Chunwang was the former Procurator-general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, a post equivalent to Attorney General in the United States.-Biography:Jia served several important posts before reaching the position...
(贾春旺), 2003 - 2008 - Cao JianmingCao JianmingCao Jianming is the Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China.-Biography:He received his LL.B and LL.M degrees from East China University of Political Science and Law in 1983 and 1986....
, 2008 -