Tarnów
Encyclopedia
Tarnów is a city in southeastern Poland
with 115,341 inhabitants (metro area 312,000 inhabitants) as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship
since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship
. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection from Lwów
to Kraków
. Also, from Tarnów two additional lines stem - a southwards main line to the Slovakia
n border via Stróże
, as well as a minor northwards line to Szczucin
(now defunct).
on March 7, 1330 by Władysław I the Elbow-high. At the time it was owned by Spycimir Leliwita (Leliwa coat of arms). In the 13th century, numerous German
settlers immigrated from Kraków
and Nowy Sącz
. During the 16th century Scottish
immigrants began to come in large numbers (Dun, Huyson, and Nikielson). In 1528 the exiled King of Hungary
János Szapolyai lived in the town. It was annexed by Habsburg Austria
in 1772 during the First Partition of Poland
. The Diocese of Tarnów was formed in 1785.
February 18, 1846 - beginning of the Galician peasant revolt
. The massacre, led by Jakub Szela
(born in Smarżowa
), is also known as the Galician Massacre, and began on February 18, 1846. This led to the "Galician Slaughter", in which many nobles and their families were murdered by peasants. Szela units surrounded and attacked manor house
s and settlements located in three counties - Sanok
, Jasło, and Tarnów. The revolt got out of hand and the Austrians had to put it down.
During World War I, the city was one of the focal points of Austro-Hungarian/German Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive
of 1915, a military operation that changed the situation in the Eastern Front
and resulted in major retreat of opposing Russian forces. After the war, the city became part of a reconstituted Polish state
on October 30, 1918.
and secular Zionists
.
Immediately following the German occupation of the city on September 8, 1939, the persecution of the Jews began. German units burned down most of the city's synagogues on September 9 and drafted Jews for forced-labor projects. Tarnów was incorporated into the Generalgouvernement
. Many Tarnów Jews fled to the east, while a large influx of refugees from elsewhere in occupied Poland continued to increase the town's Jewish population. In early November, the Germans ordered the establishment of a Jewish council (Judenrat
) to transmit orders and regulations to the Jewish community. Among the duties of the Jewish council were enforcement of special taxation on the community and providing workers for forced labor.
During 1941, life for the Jews of Tarnów became increasingly precarious. The Germans imposed a large collective fine on the community. Jews were required to hand in their valuables. Roundups for labor became more frequent and killings became more commonplace and arbitrary.
Deportations from Tarnów began in June 1942, when about 13,500 Jews were sent to the Belzec extermination camp. The introductory act of this crime was the so-called "first operation" from 11-19 of June 1942. The Germans gathered thousands of Jews on the Rynek (market place) who were then tortured and killed in a cruel manner. In this time period, on the streets of the town and on the Jewish cemetery about 3,000 persons were shot; in the woods of Zbylitowska Góra a few kilometers away from Tarnów a further 7,000 were murdered.
A panel of the Batorego Foundation placed at the entry of the Bimah publishes a document from Michal Borawski, born in 1926, witnessing that the stairsteps (małe schody or little stairs) from the town center to the Bernardynski street where the Bernardine Monastery is located, had to be cleaned of the blood by the local fire brigade during three days.
After the June deportations, the Germans ordered the surviving Jews in Tarnów, along with thousands of Jews from neighboring towns, into a ghetto
. The ghetto was surrounded by a high wooden fence. Living conditions in the ghetto were poor, marked by severe food shortages, a lack of sanitary facilities, and a forced-labor regimen in factories and workshops producing goods for the German war industry.
In September 1942, the Germans ordered all ghetto residents to report at Targowica Square, where they were subjected to a "Selektion" (selection) in which those deemed "unessential" were selected out for deportation to Belzec. About 8,000 people were deported. Thereafter, deportations from Tarnów to extermination camps continued sporadically; the Germans deported a group of 2,500 in November 1942.
In the midst of the 1942 deportations, some Jews in Tarnów organized a Jewish resistance movement. Many of the resistance leaders were young Zionists involved in the Hashomer Hatzair
youth movement. Many of those who left the ghetto to join the partisans fighting in the forests later fell in battle with SS units. Other resisters sought to establish escape routes to Hungary, but with limited success.
The Germans decided to destroy the Tarnów ghetto in September 1943. The surviving 10,000 Jews were deported, 7,000 of them to Auschwitz and 3,000 to the Plaszow concentration camp in Kraków. In late 1943, Tarnów was declared "free of Jews" (Judenrein). By the end of the war, the overwhelming majority of Tarnów Jews had been murdered by the Germans. Although 700 Jews returned in 1945, some of them soon left the city and headed mostly to Israel
.
weekly.
) elected from Tarnów constituency:
Member of the European Parliament
with:
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
with 115,341 inhabitants (metro area 312,000 inhabitants) as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Małopolska Voivodeship , or Lesser Poland Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, in southern Poland...
since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship
Tarnów Voivodeship
Tarnów Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975–1998, superseded by Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Its capital city was Tarnów. Located in southeastern part of the country, its area was 4,151 km2....
. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection from Lwów
Lviv
Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
to Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
. Also, from Tarnów two additional lines stem - a southwards main line to the Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
n border via Stróże
Stróze
Stróże is a village, located in southern Poland, in the Nowy Sącz County of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Situated some 4 kilometres north of Grybów, Stróże is an important railroad junction, with lines going into three directions - northwards to Tarnów, westwards to Nowy Sącz and eastwards to...
, as well as a minor northwards line to Szczucin
Szczucin
Szczucin is a town in Dąbrowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Szczucin...
(now defunct).
History
The first recorded mention of Tarnów was in 1125. In 1264 Daniel of Galicia and Bolesław V the Chaste met in the town to establish the borders of their domains. It was granted city rightsGerman town law
German town law or German municipal concerns concerns town privileges used by many cities, towns, and villages throughout Central and Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages.- Town law in Germany :...
on March 7, 1330 by Władysław I the Elbow-high. At the time it was owned by Spycimir Leliwita (Leliwa coat of arms). In the 13th century, numerous German
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
settlers immigrated from Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
and Nowy Sącz
Nowy Sacz
Nowy Sącz is a town in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland. It is the district capital of Nowy Sącz County, but is not included within the powiat.-Names:...
. During the 16th century Scottish
Scottish people
The Scottish people , or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, incorporating neighbouring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.In modern use,...
immigrants began to come in large numbers (Dun, Huyson, and Nikielson). In 1528 the exiled King of Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
János Szapolyai lived in the town. It was annexed by Habsburg Austria
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
in 1772 during the First Partition of Poland
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years...
. The Diocese of Tarnów was formed in 1785.
February 18, 1846 - beginning of the Galician peasant revolt
Galician slaughter
"The Galician Slaughter" also "The Peasant Uprising of 1846" or Szela uprising was a two month uprising of Polish peasants resulting inter alia in suppression of other - szlachta uprising and massacre of szlachta in Galicia in the Austrian partition in early 1846. The peasant uprising lasted from...
. The massacre, led by Jakub Szela
Jakub Szela
Jakub Szela was a Polish leader of a peasant uprising against the gentry in Galicia in 1846; directed against manorial property and rising against serfdom; scores of manors were attacked and their inhabitants murdered...
(born in Smarżowa
Smarzowa
Smarżowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzostek, within Dębica County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Brzostek, south of Dębica, and west of the regional capital Rzeszów....
), is also known as the Galician Massacre, and began on February 18, 1846. This led to the "Galician Slaughter", in which many nobles and their families were murdered by peasants. Szela units surrounded and attacked manor house
Manor house
A manor house is a country house that historically formed the administrative centre of a manor, the lowest unit of territorial organisation in the feudal system in Europe. The term is applied to country houses that belonged to the gentry and other grand stately homes...
s and settlements located in three counties - Sanok
Sanok
Sanok is a town in south-eastern Poland with 39,110 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. It's the capital of Sanok County in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. Previously, it was in the Krosno Voivodeship and in the Ruthenian Voivodeship , which was part of the Lesser Poland province...
, Jasło, and Tarnów. The revolt got out of hand and the Austrians had to put it down.
During World War I, the city was one of the focal points of Austro-Hungarian/German Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive
Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive
The Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive during World War I started as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia...
of 1915, a military operation that changed the situation in the Eastern Front
Eastern Front (World War I)
The Eastern Front was a theatre of war during World War I in Central and, primarily, Eastern Europe. The term is in contrast to the Western Front. Despite the geographical separation, the events in the two theatres strongly influenced each other...
and resulted in major retreat of opposing Russian forces. After the war, the city became part of a reconstituted Polish state
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
on October 30, 1918.
The Jews of Tarnów
Before World War II, about 25,000 Jews lived in Tarnów. Jews, whose recorded presence in the town went back to the mid-fifteenth century, comprised about half of the town's total population. A large portion of Jewish business in Tarnów was devoted to garment and hat manufacturing. The Jewish community was ideologically diverse and included both religious HasidimHasidic Judaism
Hasidic Judaism or Hasidism, from the Hebrew —Ḥasidut in Sephardi, Chasidus in Ashkenazi, meaning "piety" , is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that promotes spirituality and joy through the popularisation and internalisation of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspects of the Jewish faith...
and secular Zionists
Zionism
Zionism is a Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of the Jewish state...
.
Immediately following the German occupation of the city on September 8, 1939, the persecution of the Jews began. German units burned down most of the city's synagogues on September 9 and drafted Jews for forced-labor projects. Tarnów was incorporated into the Generalgouvernement
General Government
The General Government was an area of Second Republic of Poland under Nazi German rule during World War II; designated as a separate region of the Third Reich between 1939–1945...
. Many Tarnów Jews fled to the east, while a large influx of refugees from elsewhere in occupied Poland continued to increase the town's Jewish population. In early November, the Germans ordered the establishment of a Jewish council (Judenrat
Judenrat
Judenräte were administrative bodies during the Second World War that the Germans required Jews to form in the German occupied territory of Poland, and later in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union It is the overall term for the enforcement bodies established by the Nazi occupiers to...
) to transmit orders and regulations to the Jewish community. Among the duties of the Jewish council were enforcement of special taxation on the community and providing workers for forced labor.
During 1941, life for the Jews of Tarnów became increasingly precarious. The Germans imposed a large collective fine on the community. Jews were required to hand in their valuables. Roundups for labor became more frequent and killings became more commonplace and arbitrary.
Deportations from Tarnów began in June 1942, when about 13,500 Jews were sent to the Belzec extermination camp. The introductory act of this crime was the so-called "first operation" from 11-19 of June 1942. The Germans gathered thousands of Jews on the Rynek (market place) who were then tortured and killed in a cruel manner. In this time period, on the streets of the town and on the Jewish cemetery about 3,000 persons were shot; in the woods of Zbylitowska Góra a few kilometers away from Tarnów a further 7,000 were murdered.
A panel of the Batorego Foundation placed at the entry of the Bimah publishes a document from Michal Borawski, born in 1926, witnessing that the stairsteps (małe schody or little stairs) from the town center to the Bernardynski street where the Bernardine Monastery is located, had to be cleaned of the blood by the local fire brigade during three days.
After the June deportations, the Germans ordered the surviving Jews in Tarnów, along with thousands of Jews from neighboring towns, into a ghetto
Ghetto
A ghetto is a section of a city predominantly occupied by a group who live there, especially because of social, economic, or legal issues.The term was originally used in Venice to describe the area where Jews were compelled to live. The term now refers to an overcrowded urban area often associated...
. The ghetto was surrounded by a high wooden fence. Living conditions in the ghetto were poor, marked by severe food shortages, a lack of sanitary facilities, and a forced-labor regimen in factories and workshops producing goods for the German war industry.
In September 1942, the Germans ordered all ghetto residents to report at Targowica Square, where they were subjected to a "Selektion" (selection) in which those deemed "unessential" were selected out for deportation to Belzec. About 8,000 people were deported. Thereafter, deportations from Tarnów to extermination camps continued sporadically; the Germans deported a group of 2,500 in November 1942.
In the midst of the 1942 deportations, some Jews in Tarnów organized a Jewish resistance movement. Many of the resistance leaders were young Zionists involved in the Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair is a Socialist–Zionist youth movement founded in 1913 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, and was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 British Mandate of Palestine...
youth movement. Many of those who left the ghetto to join the partisans fighting in the forests later fell in battle with SS units. Other resisters sought to establish escape routes to Hungary, but with limited success.
The Germans decided to destroy the Tarnów ghetto in September 1943. The surviving 10,000 Jews were deported, 7,000 of them to Auschwitz and 3,000 to the Plaszow concentration camp in Kraków. In late 1943, Tarnów was declared "free of Jews" (Judenrein). By the end of the war, the overwhelming majority of Tarnów Jews had been murdered by the Germans. Although 700 Jews returned in 1945, some of them soon left the city and headed mostly to Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
.
Climate
Tarnów is one of the warmest cities in Poland. Tarnów has one of the highest annual mean temperature in the country at 9.3 °C (49 °F). The average temperature in January is -2.0 °C and 19.7 °C (67 °F) in July. It is claimed, Tarnów has the longest summer in Poland spreading from mid May to mid September (above 118 days).Education
- Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna
- Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa in Tarnów
- Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu
Sports
- Unia TarnówUnia TarnówUnia Tarnów is a Polish soccer, basketball and speedway team, based in the southern city of Tarnów. Their home arena is Hala Unii.Football stadium: Stadion Miejski w Tarnowie, 16,000 capacity.- 2006/2007 season in basketball :...
- speedwayMotorcycle speedwayMotorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise laps of an oval circuit. Speedway motorcycles use only one gear and have no brakes and racing takes place on a flat oval track usually...
team, championship of Poland in 2004, 2005. Sponsored by MościceMosciceMościce is an industrial borough of the city of Tarnów in Poland, previously an industrial suburb. Located to the west of the city centre at the Biała river, it houses one of the largest and the first nitrate factory in Europe....
Nitrate Factory. Also called Jaskółki (Swallows) - ZKS Unia Tarnów - Zakładowy Klub Sportowy Unia Tarnów (Workplace Sports Club United Tarnów) - Soccer team, currently in the I League in Polska Liga in 2005/2006 season.
- Tarnovia TarnówTarnovia TarnówTarnovia Tarnów is a Polish sports club, founded in 1909 in the southern city of Tarnów. With white and red hues, the club's founders wanted to emphasize their patriotism, during the time when their homeland was divided into three powers .Tarnovia was based on two smaller teams, which had been...
- Soccer team, also in II League in Polska Liga in 2005/2006 season. - Unia Wisła Paged Tarnów - men's basketball team, 6th in Era Basket Liga in 2003/2004 season.
Religion
According to official Church statistics, Tarnów is the most religious city in Poland, with 89.6% of the faithful of the Diocese of Tarnów attending MassMass (liturgy)
"Mass" is one of the names by which the sacrament of the Eucharist is called in the Roman Catholic Church: others are "Eucharist", the "Lord's Supper", the "Breaking of Bread", the "Eucharistic assembly ", the "memorial of the Lord's Passion and Resurrection", the "Holy Sacrifice", the "Holy and...
weekly.
Tarnów constituency
Members of Parliament (SejmSejm
The Sejm is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The Sejm is made up of 460 deputies, or Poseł in Polish . It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Marshal of the Sejm ....
) elected from Tarnów constituency:
- Urszula AugustynUrszula AugustynUrszula Augustyn is a Polish politician. She was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 4890 votes in 15 Tarnów district, as a candidate from Platforma Obywatelska list.- External links :...
, PO - Edward CzesakEdward CzesakEdward Czesak is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 7529 votes in 15 Tarnów district, candidating from Prawo i Sprawiedliwość list.- External links :...
, PiS - Aleksander GradAleksander GradAleksander Grad is a Polish politician. He graduated from the Industrial Geodesy Department at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005, receiving 13680 votes in 15 Tarnów district as a candidate on the Platforma Obywatelska list...
, PO - Barbara MarianowskaBarbara MarianowskaBarbara Marianowska is a Polish politician. She was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 12498 votes in 15 Tarnów district, candidating from Prawo i Sprawiedliwość list.She was also a member of Sejm 2001-2005....
, PiS - Józef RojekJózef RojekJózef Rojek is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 13409 votes in 15 Tarnów district, candidating from the Law and Justice list....
, PiS - Wiesław Woda, PSL
- Michał Wojtkiewicz, PiS
Member of the European Parliament
- Urszula GacekUrszula GacekUrszula Gacek was a Polish member of the European Parliament, representing Platforma Obywatelska...
, PO, EPP-ED
Notable residents
- Baron Henry Apfelbaum
- Józef BemJózef BemJózef Zachariasz Bem was a Polish general, an Ottoman Pasha and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, and a figure intertwined with other European nationalisms...
(1794–1850), Polish general - Mordecai David Brandstädter ' onMouseout='HidePop("80831")' href="/topics/Brzesko">BrzeskoBrzeskoBrzesko is a town in southern Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It lies approximately west of Tarnów and east of the regional capital Kraków. Since Polish administrative reorganization , Brzesko has been the administrative capital of Brzesko County in Lesser Poland Voivodeship...
- 1928), a Jewish - Roman Brandstaetter (1906–1987), a Jewish writer Roman Brandstaetter
- Anna Brzozowska, née Sacha , PhD
- Józef CyrankiewiczJózef CyrankiewiczJózef Cyrankiewicz was a Polish Socialist, after 1948 Communist political figure. He served as premier of the People's Republic of Poland between 1947 and 1952, and again between 1954 and 1970...
(1911–1989) - Charles DennerCharles DennerCharles Denner was a French actor born to a Jewish family in Poland. During his 30-year career he worked with some of France's greatest directors of the time, including Louis Malle, Claude Chabrol, Jean-Luc Godard, Costa-Gavras, Claude Lelouch and François Truffaut who gave him two of his most...
(1926–1995), French actor - Jacek DukajJacek DukajJacek Dukaj is a Polish science fiction writer. Winner of the Janusz A. Zajdel Award , Śląkfa , Żuławski Award , Kościelski Award and the European Union Prize for Literature .-Career:Dukaj studied philosophy at the Jagiellonian University...
(b.1974) - Ignace J(ay). GelbIgnace GelbIgnace Jay Gelb was a Polish-American ancient historian and Assyriologist who pioneered the scientific study of writing systems...
(1907–1985), a Jewish American ancient historian, Assyriologist - Allan GrayAllan Gray (composer)Allan Gray was a composer, noted for his film scores.He was born Józef Żmigrod in Tarnów, which was then in Austria-Hungary, but is now part of Poland. He studied under the renowned Austrian composer Arnold Schönberg during the 1920s, and later wrote music for Max Reinhardt's theatre productions...
(born Josef Żmigród, 1902–1973), composer - Michał Heller (b.1936)
- Rabbi Löb Judah ben Isaac , a rabbi
- Jozef KapustkaJozef KapustkaJozef Kapustka is a Polish concert pianist, born in 1969 in Tarnów, Poland. Lives in Paris, France.- Biography and schooling :Jozef Kapustka was born in 1969 in Tarnów, Poland where he began receiving his early musical tuition from the local instructor Danuta Cieslik at the age of 3. He then...
(b.1969), pianist - Naphtali KellerNaphtali KellerNaphtali Keller was an Austrian scholar. son of Israel Mendel Keller, a well-to-do innkeeper....
(January 25, 1834 - August 5, 1865, RožnavaRožnavaRožňava is a town in Slovakia, approximately 71 km by road from Košice in the Košice Region, and has a population of 19,120.The town is an economic and tourist center of the Gemer. Rožňava is now a popular tourist attraction with a beautiful historic town centre. The town is an episcopal seat...
, Moravia), Jewish scholar; son of Israel Mendel Keller - Leon Kellner (1859 - ?), Jewish scholar
- Tadeusz KlimeckiTadeusz KlimeckiTadeusz Klimecki - Lieutenant of the Imperial and Royal Army, Brigadier General of the Polish Army, Chief of Polish General Staff.-Early life and service in the Imperial and Royal Army:...
(November 23, 1895 - July 4, 1943, Gibraltar), Chief of Polish General Staff - José Krakover (November 2, 1883 - April 28, 1957, La Plata, Argentina), Jewish Photographer
- Krystyna Kuperberg (born Trybulec, 1944, Tarnów)
- Spycimir Leliwita
- Siegfried LipinerSiegfried LipinerSiegfried Salomo Lipiner was an Austrian writer and poet whose works made an impression on Richard Wagner and Friedrich Nietzsche, but who published nothing after 1880 and lived out his life as Librarian of Parliament in Vienna...
(1856, Jarosław - 1911), a Galician-Austrian Jewish poet
- Anny OndraAnny OndraAnny Ondra was a Czech film actress. She was born Anna Sophie Ondráková in Tarnów, Galicia, Austria–Hungary, now Poland, and died in Hollenstedt near Harburg, Germany.-Life:...
(1903–1987), Czech movie star - Joseph Öttinger (May 7, 1818 - October 2, 1895, Cracow), Galician-Austrian Jewish physician
- Tony RickardssonTony RickardssonTony Rickardsson is a retired Swedish motorcycle speedway rider. He is widely acknowledged as being the most successful speedway rider of the current era, having won six Speedway World Championship titles in 15 attempts. He has two daughters, Michelle and Natalie with his wife Anna...
, motorcycle speedway rider, honorable resident (since June 22, 2006)
- Dorota Sacha-Krol , PhD, scholar, thinker
- Eustachy Stanisław Sanguszko (1842, Tarnów – 1903), a szlachcic, conservative politician
- Wilhelm SasnalWilhelm SasnalWilhelm Sasnal is a Polish painter. Sasnal received his diploma of painting in 1999 from the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków.-Early life and career:Wilhelm Sasnal was born in Tarnów, Poland, in 1972...
(born 1972, Tarnów), a Polish painter - Sylwia Swierczek-Rodan , artist
- Jan SzczepanikJan SzczepanikJan Szczepanik was a Polish inventor....
(1872, Rudniki - 1926, Tarnów), a Polish inventor
- Jan TarnowskiJan TarnowskiJan Amor Tarnowski was a Polish szlachcic . He was Grand Crown Hetman from 1527 and was the founder of the city of Tarnopol, where he built the Ternopil Castle and the Ternopil Lake....
(means "John of Tarnów") (1488, Tarnów - 1561), a szlachcic - Jan z TarnowaJan z TarnowaJan of Tarnów was a Polish nobleman .Jan was owner of Tarnów, Wielowieś and Jarosław estates. He was Podkomorzy of Sandomierz before 1368, Court Marshal before 1370, Marshal of the Kingdom of Poland before 1373, starost of Radom before 1376, castellan of Sandomierz before 1377, voivode of...
(c.1349-1409) - Jan z TarnowaJan z Tarnowa (1367-1433)Jan of Tarnów was a Polish nobleman .Jan was owner of Tarnów and Wielowieś estates. He became dean of Kraków from September 27, 1398 to November 12, 1409 and voivode of Kraków Voivodeship in 1409....
(1367–1433) - Rafał z Tarnowa (c. 1330-1373)
- Rabbi Marcus Weissmann-Chajes (1830–1914), Jewish scholar
- Rabbi Salo Wittmayer BaronSalo Wittmayer BaronSalo Wittmayer Baron was an American historian of Polish-Austrian Jewish ancestry and the most noted historian of the Jews of his generation. Baron taught at Columbia University from 1930 until his retirement in 1963....
(1895–1989), Jewish historian - Wilhelm Friedrich Wolff (June 21, 1809 - May 9, 1864, Manchester, England), Galicia-born Austrian journalist, close friend of Karl MarxKarl MarxKarl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement...
- Franciszek ZacharaFranciszek ZacharaFranciszek Zachara was a Polish-American pianist and composer who concertized extensively throughout Europe in the years leading up to 1928...
(1898–1966), composer and pianist - Grzegorz Niemiec (b.1989), scholar, socialite
- Mateusz Niemiec (b.1989), scholar, szlachcic, descendant of Mieszko I of PolandMieszko I of PolandMieszko I , was a Duke of the Polans from about 960 until his death. A member of the Piast dynasty, he was son of Siemomysł; grandchild of Lestek; father of Bolesław I the Brave, the first crowned King of Poland; likely father of Świętosława , a Nordic Queen; and grandfather of her son, Cnut the...
Twin towns — Sister cities
Tarnów is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
| Trenčín Trencín Trenčín is a city in western Slovakia of the central Váh River valley near the Czech border, around from Bratislava. It has a population of more than 56,000, which makes it the ninth largest municipality of the country and is the seat of the Trenčín Region and the Trenčín District... in Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south... Kiskőrös Kiskorös Kiskőrös is a town in Bács-Kiskun, Hungary. It is located at around . Sándor Petőfi was born here.- Geography :Kiskõrös is the sixth biggest city in Bács-Kiskun county by population. It is located in the center of the county, 22 km east from the river Danube and 110 km south of Budapest... in Hungary Hungary Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The... Schoten Schoten Schoten is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality only comprises the town of Schoten proper. On January 1, 2006 Schoten had a total population of 33,160. The total area is which gives a population density of 1,122 inhabitants per km². Schoten abuts the... in Belgium Belgium Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many... Blackburn in United Kingdom United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages... |
Nowy Sącz Nowy Sacz Nowy Sącz is a town in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland. It is the district capital of Nowy Sącz County, but is not included within the powiat.-Names:... in Poland Poland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north... Kotlas Kotlas Kotlas is a town in the southeast of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Kotlassky District, by which it is... in Russia Russia Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects... Ternopil Ternopil Ternopil , is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical region of Galicia... in Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia... Bila Tserkva Bila Tserkva Bila Tserkva is a city located on the Ros' River in the Kiev Oblast in central Ukraine, approximately south of the capital, Kiev. Population 203,300 Area 34 km².-Administrative status:... in Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia... |
See also
- MościceMosciceMościce is an industrial borough of the city of Tarnów in Poland, previously an industrial suburb. Located to the west of the city centre at the Biała river, it houses one of the largest and the first nitrate factory in Europe....
- Diocese of Tarnów
- 1939 Tarnow rail station bomb attack
- First mass transport to Auschwitz concentration campFirst mass transport to Auschwitz concentration campOn June 14, 1940, German occupying authorities organized the first mass transport of prisoners to the recently opened Auschwitz Concentration Camp. The transport, which set from southern Polish city of Tarnów, consisted of 728 Poles, including some Jewish Poles...
Sources
- This article incorporates text from the United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumUnited States Holocaust Memorial MuseumThe United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust. Adjacent to the National Mall in Washington, D.C., the USHMM provides for the documentation, study, and interpretation of Holocaust history...
, and has been released under the GFDL. - http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005461
External links
- City of Tarnów English version of Tarnów's official webpage.
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Tarnów