Trebíc
Encyclopedia
Třebíč (ˈtr̝̊ɛbiːtʃ; ) is a city in the Moravia
n part of the Vysočina Region
of the Czech Republic
.
Třebíč is situated 35 km southeast of Jihlava
and 65 km west of Brno
on the Jihlava River. Třebíč is from 392 to 503 metres above sea-level.
Třebíč has a temperate climate with occasional rains. Average annual temperature is 7.5°C, average temperature in July is 18.5°C and -3.4°C in January.
Třebíč is a regional centre with a population of approximately 40,000. In the age of expansion Třebíč was third most important town in Moravia
. The population growth started after World War II
. Třebíč is an important regional center today.
There are many sights. The Jewish Quarter and St Procopius' Basilica is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
. Such designs reflect the five or ten parts of the roseaceae family flowers and fruit, based on their five sepals and petals or the usual ten segments of their fruit. Botanical rose windows contrast with more complex Gothic windows that contain more segments (usually multiples of traditional gothic units of design - three trefoil
, or four quatrefoil
), or are based on ancient design inspiration from forerunners of the wheel of life
which is now associated with eastern religions, or may allude to the Virgin Mary.
The famous Basilica
originated in the early 12th century as a Benedictine monastery. It was so well endowed that it led to the establishment of a local commercial centre; the city of Trebic. The monastery was rebuilt during the reign of King Wenceslas I (1230–53), and again at the end of the fifteenth century. During the first half of the 16th century some of Trebic's historic monastic buildings were remodelled as a castle, and later renovated in baroque
style. In the early eighteenth century changes were introduced to the basilica by Czech architect, Frantisek Maxmilian Kanka; windows were enlarged, buttresses added, a south-west tower was rebuilt, and a new west front with two towers was constructed in a gothic baroque style.
The historic town of Trebic, which extends on both sides of the river Jihlava, was declared a Conservation Area in 1990. The Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica with the castle and gardens, are all included within the Trebic Conservation Area.
Important trade routes leading near Třebíč already in ancient times were called called: Habry Route, Lovětín Route and Libice Route.
Today Třebíč is an important traffic junction of the region. The main roads crrossing Třebíč are I/23 (Brno - České Budějovice) and II/360, which connects Třebíč with the highway D1
. Near the town is road II/405, which connect the town with capital town of Vysočina Region
- Jihlava
.
The railway has the east-west direction in Třebíč. This railway No. 240 connects Třebíč with cities Brno
and Jihlava
. One can find two stations here: Třebíč and Třebíč-Borovina.
Outside the town there is the small sport airport.
The trolley
was projected in the history in Třebíč but has never been realised.
In Třebíč there are several segregated cycle facilities
and in year 2009 there will be finished a new bike route leading from Jihlava
to Raabs an der Thaya
.
other residents
Moravia
Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...
n part of the Vysočina Region
Vysocina Region
Vysočina Region , is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located partly in the south-eastern part of the historical region of Bohemia and partly in the south-west of the historical region of Moravia...
of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
.
Třebíč is situated 35 km southeast of Jihlava
Jihlava
Jihlava is a city in the Czech Republic. Jihlava is a centre of the Vysočina Region, situated on the Jihlava river on the ancient frontier between Moravia and Bohemia, and is the oldest mining town in the Czech Republic, ca. 50 years older than Kutná Hora.Among the principal buildings are the...
and 65 km west of Brno
Brno
Brno by population and area is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region where it forms a separate district Brno-City District...
on the Jihlava River. Třebíč is from 392 to 503 metres above sea-level.
Třebíč has a temperate climate with occasional rains. Average annual temperature is 7.5°C, average temperature in July is 18.5°C and -3.4°C in January.
Třebíč is a regional centre with a population of approximately 40,000. In the age of expansion Třebíč was third most important town in Moravia
Moravia
Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...
. The population growth started after World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Třebíč is an important regional center today.
There are many sights. The Jewish Quarter and St Procopius' Basilica is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
History and sights
This includes the old Jewish Quarter and the largely Romanesque St Procopius' Basilica that incorporates some later gothic features, including a rare example of a ten-part or 'botanical' rose windowRose window
A Rose window is often used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but is especially used for those found in churches of the Gothic architectural style and being divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery...
. Such designs reflect the five or ten parts of the roseaceae family flowers and fruit, based on their five sepals and petals or the usual ten segments of their fruit. Botanical rose windows contrast with more complex Gothic windows that contain more segments (usually multiples of traditional gothic units of design - three trefoil
Trefoil
Trefoil is a graphic form composed of the outline of three overlapping rings used in architecture and Christian symbolism...
, or four quatrefoil
Quatrefoil
The word quatrefoil etymologically means "four leaves", and applies to general four-lobed shapes in various contexts.-In heraldry:In heraldic terminology, a quatrefoil is a representation of a flower with four petals, or a leaf with four leaflets . It is sometimes shown "slipped", i.e. with an...
), or are based on ancient design inspiration from forerunners of the wheel of life
Bhavacakra
The bhavacakra is a symbolic representation of samsara found on the outside walls of Tibetan Buddhist temples and monasteries in the Indo-Tibet region...
which is now associated with eastern religions, or may allude to the Virgin Mary.
The famous Basilica
Basilica
The Latin word basilica , was originally used to describe a Roman public building, usually located in the forum of a Roman town. Public basilicas began to appear in Hellenistic cities in the 2nd century BC.The term was also applied to buildings used for religious purposes...
originated in the early 12th century as a Benedictine monastery. It was so well endowed that it led to the establishment of a local commercial centre; the city of Trebic. The monastery was rebuilt during the reign of King Wenceslas I (1230–53), and again at the end of the fifteenth century. During the first half of the 16th century some of Trebic's historic monastic buildings were remodelled as a castle, and later renovated in baroque
Baroque
The Baroque is a period and the style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music...
style. In the early eighteenth century changes were introduced to the basilica by Czech architect, Frantisek Maxmilian Kanka; windows were enlarged, buttresses added, a south-west tower was rebuilt, and a new west front with two towers was constructed in a gothic baroque style.
The historic town of Trebic, which extends on both sides of the river Jihlava, was declared a Conservation Area in 1990. The Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica with the castle and gardens, are all included within the Trebic Conservation Area.
History in dates
- 1101 Establishment of Benedictine Monastery.
- 1277 The oldest deed mentioning the town of Třebíč.
- 1335 Conferring of town rights to Třebíč according to the royal town of ZnojmoZnojmoZnojmo is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, near the border with Lower Austria, connected to Vienna by railway and road . The royal city of Znojmo was founded shortly before 1226 by King Ottokar I on the plains in front of Znojmo Castle...
. - 1338 First references of Jewish settlement.
- 1468 Třebíč was conquered and destroyed by Matthias Corvinus of HungaryMatthias Corvinus of HungaryMatthias Corvinus , also called the Just in folk tales, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458, at the age of 14 until his death...
. - 19th century Expansion of tannery and shoemaking.
- 1871 Opening of Národní dům (National House), establishment of grammar school with Czech as teaching language (Gymnázium TřebíčGymnázium TřebíčGymnázium Třebíč is a universal gymnasium in town quarter Horka Domky in Třebíč opposite the Třebíč government buildings. Near the school there are also the Obchodní akademie Dr. Albína Bráfa and Hotelová škola Třebíč schools.- Present :...
). - 1886 First train runs through Třebíč.
- 1930 Development of shoe making production and construction of workers' colonies - present BorovinaBorovinaBorovina is one of the town districts in Třebíč in the Czech republic and it has so-called new part and old part. In old part there are mainly family houses, then in younger part of Borovina there is many panel blocks of flats and it is near the town of Stařeč and it was built in the seventies of...
- 1970s - 80s The townTownA town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...
is stigmated by the construction of new housing estateHousing estateA housing estate is a group of buildings built together as a single development. The exact form may vary from country to country. Accordingly, a housing estate is usually built by a single contractor, with only a few styles of house or building design, so they tend to be uniform in appearance...
s, population increases. - 1990s Fast renovationRenovationRenovation is the process of improving a structure. Two prominent types of renovations are commercial and residential.-Process:The process of a renovation, however complex, can usually be broken down into several processes...
of the townTownA town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...
. - 2003 Registration of Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius' Basilika into UNESCOUNESCOThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
List of Cultural and Natural Heritage
Demography
| Progress of population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Population | > | |
| 1763 | 3 149 | ||
| 1772 | 3 439 | ||
| 1791 | 4 743 | ||
| 1799 | 5 010 | ||
| 1830 | 6 005 | ||
| 1835 | 6 731 | ||
| 1843 | 6 803 | ||
| 1849 | 7 800 | ||
| 1850 | 8 002 | ||
| 1869 | 10 328 | ||
| 1880 | 11 999 | ||
| 1890 | 13 726 | ||
| 1900 | 15 309 | ||
| 1910 | 16 347 | ||
| 1921 | 17 191 | ||
| 1930 | 17 555 | ||
| 1950 | 20 257 | ||
| 1960 | 20 387 | ||
| 1970 | 22 555 | ||
| 1980 | 29 017 | ||
| 1985 | 36 008 | ||
| 1991 | 38 355 | ||
| 2001 | 39 021 | ||
| 2005 | 38 715 | ||
| 2008 | 38 717 | ||
Town districts
- BorovinaBorovinaBorovina is one of the town districts in Třebíč in the Czech republic and it has so-called new part and old part. In old part there are mainly family houses, then in younger part of Borovina there is many panel blocks of flats and it is near the town of Stařeč and it was built in the seventies of...
(526 houses, 5 864 inhabitant) - BudíkoviceBudíkoviceBudíkovice is a small village in the Czech republic, approximately 4 kilometers north of the town of Třebíč. Budíkovice is in the district of Třebíč.The village is home to a chapel, a small swimming pool and notably just a single bus stop....
(61 houses, 199 inhabitant) - Horka DomkyHorka DomkyHorka Domky is one of the town districts in Třebíč in the Czech republic. There are apartment blocks here and family houses. The TEDOM company resides here.-External links:...
(1 158 houses, 7 788 inhabitant) - JejkovJejkovJejkov is a town district in Třebíč. Jejkov was town suburb in the past. An industrial town district, hockey stadium, football stadium, hospital and court are situated in Jejkov.-Location:...
(91 houses, 270 inhabitant) - Nové Dvory (987 houses, 16 657 inhabitant)
- Nové Město(161 houses, 1056 inhabitant)
- PocoucovPocoucovPocoucov is a village 0, 5 km nortward from Třebíč, which the Pococucov is part of. Population of the Pocoucov is 183 inhabitants and Pocoucov is the second smallest town district of the Třebíč. Near Pocoucov there flows Okřešický potok....
(59 houses, 183 inhabitant) - Podklášteří (1 009 houses, 3 899 inhabitant)
- Ptáčov (66 houses, 212 inhabitant)
- Račerovice (49 houses, 155 inhabitant)
- Řípov (22 houses, 68 inhabitant)
- Slavice (80 houses, 246 inhabitant)
- Sokolí (44 houses, 88 inhabitant)
- Stařečka (202 houses, 539 inhabitant)
- TýnTyńTyń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Postomino, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately south of Postomino, north of Sławno, and north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.Before 1945 the area was part of Germany...
(203 houses, 1 171 inhabitant) - Vnitřní Město (53 houses, 210 inhabitant)
- Zámostí (124 houses, 416 inhabitant)
Transit
Today Třebíč is an important traffic junction of the region. The main roads crrossing Třebíč are I/23 (Brno - České Budějovice) and II/360, which connects Třebíč with the highway D1
Highway D1 (Czech Republic)
D1 motorway is the main highway of the Czech Republic. Currently it connects the two biggest Czech cities, Prague and Brno, in the future it will link Ostrava and the border with Poland...
. Near the town is road II/405, which connect the town with capital town of Vysočina Region
Vysocina Region
Vysočina Region , is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located partly in the south-eastern part of the historical region of Bohemia and partly in the south-west of the historical region of Moravia...
- Jihlava
Jihlava
Jihlava is a city in the Czech Republic. Jihlava is a centre of the Vysočina Region, situated on the Jihlava river on the ancient frontier between Moravia and Bohemia, and is the oldest mining town in the Czech Republic, ca. 50 years older than Kutná Hora.Among the principal buildings are the...
.
The railway has the east-west direction in Třebíč. This railway No. 240 connects Třebíč with cities Brno
Brno
Brno by population and area is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region where it forms a separate district Brno-City District...
and Jihlava
Jihlava
Jihlava is a city in the Czech Republic. Jihlava is a centre of the Vysočina Region, situated on the Jihlava river on the ancient frontier between Moravia and Bohemia, and is the oldest mining town in the Czech Republic, ca. 50 years older than Kutná Hora.Among the principal buildings are the...
. One can find two stations here: Třebíč and Třebíč-Borovina.
Outside the town there is the small sport airport.
The trolley
Tram
A tram is a passenger rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets and also sometimes on separate rights of way. It may also run between cities and/or towns , and/or partially grade separated even in the cities...
was projected in the history in Třebíč but has never been realised.
In Třebíč there are several segregated cycle facilities
Segregated cycle facilities
Segregated cycle facilities are marked lanes, tracks, shoulders and paths designated for use by cyclists from which motorised traffic is generally excluded...
and in year 2009 there will be finished a new bike route leading from Jihlava
Jihlava
Jihlava is a city in the Czech Republic. Jihlava is a centre of the Vysočina Region, situated on the Jihlava river on the ancient frontier between Moravia and Bohemia, and is the oldest mining town in the Czech Republic, ca. 50 years older than Kutná Hora.Among the principal buildings are the...
to Raabs an der Thaya
Raabs an der Thaya
Raabs an der Thaya is a municipality with 3,114 inhabitants in Waidhofen an der Thaya in the Waldviertel of Lower Austria, near the Austrian border with the Czech Republic. The area of the municipality is 134.65 square kilometers, 27.6% of which is forested.The German Thaya and the Moravian Thaya...
.
Festivals
- Theatre Třebíč (Divadelní Třebíč) - festival of Amateur theatreAmateur theatreAmateur theatre is theatre performed by amateur actors. These actors are not typically members of Actors' Equity groups or Actors' Unions as these organizations exist to protect the professional industry and therefore discourage their members from appearing with companies which are not a signatory...
- Šamajim - festival of Jewish culture
- Třebíč potato festival (Bramborobraní) - folklore festival - music and dance
- Jubilee Unesco (Oslavy Unesco) - jubilee celebration of city entrance to the UNESCOUNESCOThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
list - Theatre 2-3-4 actors (Divadla 2-3-4 herců) - festival of professional theatre
- Zámostí - cultural and music festival
- Concentus MoraviaeConcentus MoraviaeConcentus Moraviae is an international music festival held in the towns of the Vysočina and South Moravian region of the Czech Republic. The festival consists of more than thirty concerts with the subtitle of "Bohemian Dreams" in the churches, castles, and castle courtyards of the Czech towns....
- concerts of classical music
People
born here- Patrik EliášPatrik EliasPatrik Eliáš is a Czech professional hockey left winger and alternate captain for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League . A long-time Devil and currently the team's longest-tenured skater, Eliáš is the franchise's all-time leading scorer, while also holding franchise records for most...
, ice hockey player - Martin EratMartin EratMartin Erat is a Czech professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League .-Career:Erat was selected 191st overall, in the 7th round of the 1999 NHL Entry Draft...
, ice hockey player - Pavel PadrnosPavel PadrnosPavel Padrnos is a Czech professional road racing cyclist since 1996, most recently with Discovery Channel whom he was with between 2002 and 2007...
, professional road racing cyclist - Vladimir SobotkaVladimír SobotkaVladimír Sobotka is a Czech professional ice hockey center currently playing for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League .-Playing career:...
, ice hockey player - Jan ZahradníčekJan ZahradnícekJan Zahradníček was a Czech poet of the early and mid-20th century. Because of his writings and Catholic orientation he was imprisoned as an enemy of Communists after their coup in 1948.From 1919 to 1926 he studied at Classical Grammar School in Třebíč...
, Czech poet, born in MastníkMastníkMastník is a Vysočina region village located in the Třebíč district, roughly 5 km southwest of Třebíč. Kaní hora, a mountain 571 m high, stands half a kilometre east of Mastník....
, near Třebíč - Jan SyrovýJan SyrovýJan Syrový was a Czechoslovak Army four star general and the prime minister during the Munich Crisis.-Early life and military career:...
, Czechoslovak general and politician, prime minister (1938) - Jaroslav ZvěřinaJaroslav ZverinaJaroslav Zvěřina is a Czech politician and former Member of the European Parliament with the Civic Democratic Party, part of the European Democrats and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs...
, Czech politician - Jindřich Svoboda (aviator)Jindřich Svoboda (aviator)Jindřich Svoboda was a Czech colonel in memoriam, a captain of the bomber of the 311th Squadron RAF.Jindřich Svoboda was born in Jungmann’s Street in Třebíč. Then his family moved to Zámostí where they lived in No. 119....
(1917–1942), a Czech bomber captain in the RAF - Theodor Gebre SelassieTheodor Gebre SelassieTheodor Gebre Selassie is a Czech football defender currently playing for the Gambrinus liga side FC Slovan Liberec. In May 2011, he received his first call-up to the Czech national football team...
, first black player to represent the Czech RepublicCzech Republic national football teamThe Czech Republic national football team represents the Czech Republic in association football and is controlled by the Football Association of the Czech Republic, the governing body for football in the Czech Republic. Their current head coach is Michal Bílek...
at any level internationally - Jitka VálkováJitka VálkováJitka Válková is a Czech beauty pageant contestant from Třebíč who won Česká Miss 2010 on March 20, 2010.-Early life:She is student of Catholic Grammar School, TřebíčJitka...
, Czech Republic, Top 15 at Miss Universe 2010Miss Universe 2010Miss Universe 2010, the 59th edition of the pageant, was held at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. on August 23, 2010. It was hosted by Bret Michaels and Natalie Morales...
other residents
- Leopold LöwLeopold LöwLeopold Löw was a Hungarian rabbi.-Biography:Born in Černá Hora, Moravia, he received his preliminary education at the yeshibot of Třebíč, Kolín, Lipník nad Bečvou and Eisenstadt , and then studied philology, pedagogics, and Christian theology at the Lyceum of Bratislava and at the universities...
, Moravia-born rabbi, received his preliminary education at the yeshibot of Trebitsch - William HoskingWilliam HoskingWilliam Hosking FSA was a writer, lecturer, and architect who had an important influence on the growth and development of London in Victorian times...
, writer, lecturer
Schools
- Universities
- Westmoravian College TřebíčWestmoravian College TrebícWestmoravian College Třebíč is a private university in Třebíč.The college was founded in 2003 in place of the school ZŠ Za rybníkem in Borovina. The first class graduated in 2006. Approximately 100 students study at the school.- Classes :...
- Westmoravian College Třebíč
- Secondary schools
- Gymnázium Třebíč (Gymnasium Třebíč)Gymnázium TřebíčGymnázium Třebíč is a universal gymnasium in town quarter Horka Domky in Třebíč opposite the Třebíč government buildings. Near the school there are also the Obchodní akademie Dr. Albína Bráfa and Hotelová škola Třebíč schools.- Present :...
- Střední průmyslová škola Třebíč (Second industrial school Třebíč)
- Katolické gymnázium Třebíč (Catholic gymnasium Třebíč)
- Obchodní akademie Dr. Albína Bráfa
- Vyšší odborná škola a Střední škola veterinární, zemědělská a zdravotnická Třebíč
- Hotelová škola Třebíč
- Střední škola stavební Třebíč
- Střední škola řemesel Třebíč
- Soukromá střední odborná škola a Střední odborné učiliště
- Gymnázium Třebíč (Gymnasium Třebíč)
External links
- Municipal website in English
- Trebic.cz/unesco - UNESCO in Třebíč city (cz, de, en, fr)
- Zamek-trebic.cz - Vysočina Museum in Třebíč (cz)
- Basilica of St. Procopius in Třebíč (en)
- Jewish Ghetto in Třebíč (en)