Tropicália: ou Panis et Circencis (Latin

Latin

Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...

 for Bread and circuses

Bread and circuses

"Bread and Circuses" is a metaphor for a superficial means of appeasement...

) is a 1968 collaboration album by artists including Gilberto Gil

Gilberto Gil

Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment...

, Caetano Veloso

Caetano Veloso

Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...

, Tom Zé

Tom Zé

Tom Zé is a songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer who was influential in the Tropicália movement of 1960s Brazil. After the peak of the Tropicália period, Zé went into relative obscurity: it was only in the 1990s, when the musician and label head David Byrne discovered an album recorded...

, Nara Leão

Nara Leão

Nara Lofego Leão was a Brazilian bossa nova and MPB singer and occasional actress. Her husband was Carlos Diegues, director and writer of Bye Bye Brasil....

, Os Mutantes

Os Mutantes

Os Mutantes ) are an influential Brazilian psychedelic rock band that were linked with the Tropicália movement of the late 1960s. It was formed by two brothers and a vocalist, but has gone through numerous personnel changes throughout its existence...

 and Gal Costa

Gal Costa

Gal Costa is a Brazilian singer of popular music.-Early life:...

. Considered an important album in the history of popular music, it features arrangements by Rogerio Duprat

Rogerio Duprat

Rogério Duprat was a Brazilian composer and musician.-Biography:Born in Rio de Janeiro, Duprat spent much of his life in São Paulo, where he died...

 and lyrical contributions from Torquato Neto

Torquato Neto

Torquato Pereira de Araújo Neto was a Brazilian journalist and poet. He is perhaps best known as a lyricist for the Tropicalismo counterculture movement, which later expanded its influence to Música Popular Brasileira. He worked with Gal Costa, Gilberto Gil, Edu Lobo, and Waly Salomão...

.

Cover

The main contributors can be seen on the album cover. Seated on the floor, Gilberto Gil

Gilberto Gil

Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment...

 holds the graduation photo of Capinan. To the left, drinking something in a chamber pot, is Rogério Duprat

Rogerio Duprat

Rogério Duprat was a Brazilian composer and musician.-Biography:Born in Rio de Janeiro, Duprat spent much of his life in São Paulo, where he died...

. To the right, Gal Costa

Gal Costa

Gal Costa is a Brazilian singer of popular music.-Early life:...

, wearing a yellow dress, is beside Torquato Neto

Torquato Neto

Torquato Pereira de Araújo Neto was a Brazilian journalist and poet. He is perhaps best known as a lyricist for the Tropicalismo counterculture movement, which later expanded its influence to Música Popular Brasileira. He worked with Gal Costa, Gilberto Gil, Edu Lobo, and Waly Salomão...

, with a cap. Caetano Veloso

Caetano Veloso

Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...

 is to the left of them, holding a picture of Nara Leão

Nara Leão

Nara Lofego Leão was a Brazilian bossa nova and MPB singer and occasional actress. Her husband was Carlos Diegues, director and writer of Bye Bye Brasil....

. Behind them are Tom Zé

Tom Zé

Tom Zé is a songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer who was influential in the Tropicália movement of 1960s Brazil. After the peak of the Tropicália period, Zé went into relative obscurity: it was only in the 1990s, when the musician and label head David Byrne discovered an album recorded...

, on the right, and Os Mutantes

Os Mutantes

Os Mutantes ) are an influential Brazilian psychedelic rock band that were linked with the Tropicália movement of the late 1960s. It was formed by two brothers and a vocalist, but has gone through numerous personnel changes throughout its existence...

, on the left (more precisely, from left to right, Arnaldo Baptista

Arnaldo Baptista

Arnaldo Dias Baptista is a Brazilian rock musician and composer.-Biography:Born from a lyric singer father and a pianist mother , Arnaldo studied classic piano from 1955 to 1959, double bass from 1962 to 1963, and acoustic guitar from1963 to 1965...

, Rita Lee

Rita Lee

Rita Lee Jones Carvalho , simply known as Rita Lee, is a Brazilian rock singer and composer. Lee continues to be a popular figure in Brazilian entertainment, where she is also known for being an animal rights activist and a vegetarian...

 and Sérgio Dias

Sérgio Dias

Sérgio Dias Baptista , is a Brazilian rock musician, composer and guitar player. He is best known for his work with the band Os Mutantes in the late 60s and 70s...

).

Influence

It is considered to be the manifesto of the Tropicalismo

Tropicalismo

Tropicália, also known as Tropicalismo, is a Brazilian art movement that arose in the late 1960s and encompassed theatre, poetry, and music, among other forms. Tropicália was influenced by poesia concreta , a genre of Brazilian avant-garde poetry embodied in the works of Augusto de Campos, Haroldo...

 movement. It is number 2 on Rolling Stone's list of 100 greatest Brazilian albums of all time.

Track listing

#	|Title	Songwriters	Performer	Length
1.	"Miserere nóbis"	Gilberto Gil Gilberto Gil Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment... , José Carlos Capinam José Carlos Capinam José Carlos Capinam , better known as Capinam or Capinan, is a Brazilian lyricist and poet. He was active in Brazil's tropicália movement in the 1960s, and he wrote lyrics for various tropicália musicians.At 19, Capinam moved to Salvador, Bahia and attended the Federal University of Bahia where he...	Gilberto Gil Gilberto Gil Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment...	3:44
2.	"Coração materno"	Vicente Celestino	Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...	4:17
3.	"Panis et circencis"	Gilberto Gil Gilberto Gil Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment... , Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...	Os Mutantes Os Mutantes Os Mutantes ) are an influential Brazilian psychedelic rock band that were linked with the Tropicália movement of the late 1960s. It was formed by two brothers and a vocalist, but has gone through numerous personnel changes throughout its existence...	3:35
4.	"Lindonéia"	Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...	Nara Leão Nara Leão Nara Lofego Leão was a Brazilian bossa nova and MPB singer and occasional actress. Her husband was Carlos Diegues, director and writer of Bye Bye Brasil....	2:14
5.	"Parque industrial"	Tom Zé	Gilberto Gil Gilberto Gil Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment... , Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,... , Gal Costa Gal Costa Gal Costa is a Brazilian singer of popular music.-Early life:... , Tom Zé Tom Zé Tom Zé is a songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer who was influential in the Tropicália movement of 1960s Brazil. After the peak of the Tropicália period, Zé went into relative obscurity: it was only in the 1990s, when the musician and label head David Byrne discovered an album recorded... , Os Mutantes Os Mutantes Os Mutantes ) are an influential Brazilian psychedelic rock band that were linked with the Tropicália movement of the late 1960s. It was formed by two brothers and a vocalist, but has gone through numerous personnel changes throughout its existence...	3:16
6.	"Geléia geral"	Gilberto Gil Gilberto Gil Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment... , Torquato Neto	Gilberto Gil Gilberto Gil Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment...	3:42
7.	"Baby"	Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...	Gal Costa Gal Costa Gal Costa is a Brazilian singer of popular music.-Early life:... , Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...	3:31
8.	"Três caravelas (Las Tres Carabelas)"	Augusto Algueró e Moreu (Portuguese version: João de Barro)	Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,... , Gilberto Gil Gilberto Gil Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment...	3:06
9.	"Enquanto seu lobo não vem"	Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...	Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...	2:31
10.	"Mamãe, coragem"	Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,... , Torquato Neto	Gal Costa Gal Costa Gal Costa is a Brazilian singer of popular music.-Early life:...	2:30
11.	"Bat macumba"	Gilberto Gil Gilberto Gil Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment... , Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...	Gilberto Gil Gilberto Gil Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment...	2:33
12.	"Hino ao Senhor do Bonfim"	Artur de Sales, João Antonio Wanderley	Caetano Veloso Caetano Veloso Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,... , Gilberto Gil Gilberto Gil Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment... , Gal Costa Gal Costa Gal Costa is a Brazilian singer of popular music.-Early life:... , Os Mutantes Os Mutantes Os Mutantes ) are an influential Brazilian psychedelic rock band that were linked with the Tropicália movement of the late 1960s. It was formed by two brothers and a vocalist, but has gone through numerous personnel changes throughout its existence...	3:39