Upton's Hill
Encyclopedia
Upton’s Hill is a geographic eminence located in western Arlington County, Virginia
. Its summit rises to 410 feet (125 m) above sea level.
. The hill is generally conical in shape with its summit lying astride Wilson Boulevard at its intersection with McKinley Street. A large water tower now occupies and marks its summit.
The hill’s latitude is N 38.874279 and longitude is W -77.146369.
A local stream called Four Mile Run
defines the hill’s northern and eastern extent. Munson’s Hill (367 feet) is adjacent on its southeast, and Minor’s Hill
(459 feet) is adjacent on its northwest. Its location overlooks Arlington County and the city of Washington, D.C.
Upton’s Hill takes its name from Charles H. Upton, a newspaper editor from Ohio who settled in the vicinity in 1836. Upton continued his newspaper activities from his home in Virginia for over three decades.
By the time the Civil War opened in 1861, Upton had built a fine home atop the hill, on the northeast corner of today’s Wilson Boulevard and McKinley Street. The home was surrounded by fruit orchards and was a working estate. (The home at this location now, while large and sitting on several acres of property, is of later construction and is not the same home.)
A Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority
site is located just downhill, bearing the hill’s name, continuing its modern use as a place name.
Upton’s Hill was well known to local Native American
inhabitants of Northern Virginia prior to European colonization. Four Mile Run was an important water source, and soapstone quarries upstream from the hill in Falls Church—also home to an Indian camp--testify to the stream’s popularity. The valley of Four Mile Run at the base of Upton’s Hill also afforded an excellent transportation corridor from the Potomac River to the headwaters of the Run, from which other connections to the Potomac River, such as Pimmit Run
, could be utilized.
English colonists established Falls Church
as a regional center of government and worship in 1733, choosing as its location a place that was approximately one day’s horseback ride from the Potomac River. The hill and its residents were associated with Falls Church for many decades, as the village—1.5 miles distant—offered the nearest post office and mercantile stores.
Early Statehood Era
After the War of Independence and Virginia’s statehood, commercial progress in the region was rapid. Virginia’s interior and mountain areas were settled, and the promise of increasing commerce drove the founding of the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad
. The AL&H linked the port of Alexandria with Leesburg, and was intended to extend to Hampshire County, in what is now West Virginia.
The railroad opened in 1860. Its route lay along the valley of Four Mile Run, following it on its climb out of the Potomac River basin. Trains wound their way around the base of Upton’s Hill. The nearest station stops were at Carlinville, east of the hill, and Falls Church, to its west.
The Civil War
Although the American Civil War
is often thought to have a distinct beginning, on Upton’s Hill the disquiet began in 1859, with the unsuccessful raid by abolitionist John Brown
on the U.S. armory at Harper’s Ferry. This event caused area residents to begin considering the issue of slavery and states’ rights in starkly contradictory terms. Many northerners lived at Falls Church and Upton’s Hill-—including Charles Upton himself—-and their Southern neighbors now made them feel very unwelcome.
Virginia held a statewide referendum to determine whether it would secede from the Union. At Falls Church the vote, for secession, was badly split, 44-26. The nature of each citizen’s vote was verbally announced by the clerk of the polling station, and Northerners were physically intimidated by armed Southerners—-some of them officers in the new Confederate army—-who had gathered.
Charles Upton’s son-in-law Hugh W. Throckmorton, who also lived on Upton’s Hill, voted for Virginia to remain in the Union. Hugh accused his brother, John A. Throckmorton, of leading a band of 15-20 Southerners who intimidated Northern voters at Ball’s Crossroads (now Ballston) and later at Falls Church. One of his men came to Upton’s home that night looking for Hugh, who hid in a cornfield and fled at dawn’s first light, not stopping until he crossed the safety of the Potomac River into Washington. He and John are thought never to have spoken again.
During that same election on May 23, 1861, Charles Upton presented himself as a candidate for United States Congress. He was elected and seated in the House of Representatives. Several days later, however, his seating was challenged due the uncomfortable fact that Virginia had seceded from the Union. How could he represent Virginia, his opponents asked?
He couldn’t, the House of Representatives found. Upton served until February 1862, after which President Abraham Lincoln appointed him United States consul
to Switzerland, a post in which he served from 1863 through his death in Geneva in 1877.
The Union Army’s disastrous defeat during the First Battle of Manassas, in July 1861, changed the balance of power on Upton’s Hill wildly. Union troops fled Manassas in a chaotic retreat, crossing the bridges into Washington. Confederate troops followed, occupying Upton’s Hill and its neighbor to the southeast, Munson’s Hill.
Upton sent his family to safety in Ohio, and moved into Washington. Confederate Army troops--led by his estranged son-in-law, John Throckmorton--occupied his fine home, seizing the furniture and also three slaves belonging to Hugh Throckmorton. The home’s strategic location and heavy use by two armies caused it to suffer. “It was a beautiful house built out of white pine and right new,” a Virginia soldier wrote in a letter home. “[Upton] had every convenience about his house that the heart could wish, but everything is torn to pieces,” he observed, after sleeping for one night in the house while on picket duty.
Events quickly shifted in the Union’s favor as Confederate troops withdraw from the hill in late September 1861 and regrouped at Manassas. Union troops occupied the hill and Upton’s home. Upton’s Hill played a locally important role during the war, as the Union Army command used the home as its headquarters. The fruit trees were cut and a large masonry fort was constructed opposite the road (now Wilson Boulevard), at the hill’s topmost point.
This fort was originally called Fort Upton but was later renamed Fort Ramsay. Several drawings, photographs and lithographs of it survive, and show an imposing structure fortified by multiple long-range cannon and manned accordingly. Surrounding the fort at various places on the hill were several large Union army encampments-—Camp Bliss, Camp Dupont, Camp Graham, Camp Keyes, Camp Marion, Camp Niagara, and Camp Upton. These replaced earlier Confederate fortifications.
By the end of the war the Union Army built a tall wooden observation tower
atop Congressman Upton’s home, affording it line-of-sight communications with the Washington Monument and other observation and signal stations in the region. The hill was also connected to the military telegraph, at first to an army headquarters established in the mansion vacated by General Robert E. Lee (now called the Custis-Lee Mansion) in what is now Arlington National Cemetery, and later into a broader regional network.
Battle Hymn of the Republic
The following in incorrect in location. The Grand Review of troops witnessed by Julia Ward Howe took place at Bailey's Crossroads, VA in November, 1861, not Upton's Hill: http://www.latcra.org/assets/October2010.pdf
National history was made when one of the most famous songs of all time, Battle Hymn of the Republic, was composed as a result of events on Upton’s Hill.
Julia Ward Howe
attended a troop review on Upton’s Hill, riding from Washington in a carriage with the governor of Massachusetts and other family friends. The review was interrupted by reports of a firefight west of Falls Church between a possibly outgunned Union army cavalry and a larger Confederate force. The review ended quickly and soldiers left quickly for Falls Church.
Mrs. Howe was impressed by the review and by the night-time sights and sounds she encountered as she left it. The campfires and burnished arms all made an impression.
Riding in her carriage back to Washington, they made slow speed due to the soldiers marching before and behind them in the road. The soldiers were singing the popular tune, John Brown’s Body (“John Brown’s body lies a-mouldering in the grave…”). A friend in the carriage suggested Howe, a sometime poet, should write new words for the tune. “I wish I might!,” replied Mrs. Howe.
Early the next morning Mrs. Howe awoke in her hotel room in Washington and found she seemed to be composing verse. She “…found that the wished-for lines were arranging themselves in my brain. I lay quite still until the last verse had completed itself in my thoughts, then hastily arose, saying to myself, ‘I shall lose this if I don’t write it down immediately’.”
Atlantic Monthly published Mrs. Howe’s composition as a poem, set to the tune “John Brown’s Body”, in February 1862, calling it “Battle Hymn of the Republic”. It was an immediate success, and was popular in the North for the rest of the war—and today.
As witnesses attested, “Battle Hymn” was composed as a result of the review on Upton’s Hill. During later years confusion set in, as local historians mistakenly attributed the song's birth to a much larger and better known review held by President Abraham Lincoln at Bailey’s Crossroads
.
The Modern Era
Upton Hill’s summit is now home to a large water tower and an apartment complex. This is emblematic of the wave of residential and commercial development which swept the hill in the 1950s and 1960s. Some of the hill has been preserved as woods by the Upton Hill Regional Park. The slopes are dotted with single-family homes. Seven Corners, a locally prominent shopping district, occupies neighboring Perkins Hill to the south and the shallow valley which separates the two.
Arlington County, Virginia
Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The land that became Arlington was originally donated by Virginia to the United States government to form part of the new federal capital district. On February 27, 1801, the United States Congress organized the area as a subdivision of...
. Its summit rises to 410 feet (125 m) above sea level.
Location
Upton’s Hill straddles the border of Arlington County and Fairfax County, VirginiaFairfax County, Virginia
Fairfax County is a county in Virginia, in the United States. Per the 2010 Census, the population of the county is 1,081,726, making it the most populous jurisdiction in the Commonwealth of Virginia, with 13.5% of Virginia's population...
. The hill is generally conical in shape with its summit lying astride Wilson Boulevard at its intersection with McKinley Street. A large water tower now occupies and marks its summit.
The hill’s latitude is N 38.874279 and longitude is W -77.146369.
A local stream called Four Mile Run
Four Mile Run
Four Mile Run is a stream in northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia...
defines the hill’s northern and eastern extent. Munson’s Hill (367 feet) is adjacent on its southeast, and Minor’s Hill
Minor's Hill
Minor’s Hill is a geographic eminence located in the western tip of Arlington County, Virginia. Its summit rises to 459 feet above sea level.- Location :...
(459 feet) is adjacent on its northwest. Its location overlooks Arlington County and the city of Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
Name
The hill is occasionally identified as Upton Hill, and during the American Civil War many references to this and other slight variances were found in newspaper accounts and soldiers’ letters home.Upton’s Hill takes its name from Charles H. Upton, a newspaper editor from Ohio who settled in the vicinity in 1836. Upton continued his newspaper activities from his home in Virginia for over three decades.
By the time the Civil War opened in 1861, Upton had built a fine home atop the hill, on the northeast corner of today’s Wilson Boulevard and McKinley Street. The home was surrounded by fruit orchards and was a working estate. (The home at this location now, while large and sitting on several acres of property, is of later construction and is not the same home.)
A Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority
Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority
The Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority is an interjurisdictional organization that owns and operates more than 10,000 acres of woodlands, streams, parks, trails, nature reserves, countryside and historic sites in Northern Virginia in the United States. The Authority was organized in 1959...
site is located just downhill, bearing the hill’s name, continuing its modern use as a place name.
History
Prehistoric and Colonial ErasUpton’s Hill was well known to local Native American
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America, their descendants and other ethnic groups who are identified with those peoples. Indigenous peoples are known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, and in the United States as Native Americans...
inhabitants of Northern Virginia prior to European colonization. Four Mile Run was an important water source, and soapstone quarries upstream from the hill in Falls Church—also home to an Indian camp--testify to the stream’s popularity. The valley of Four Mile Run at the base of Upton’s Hill also afforded an excellent transportation corridor from the Potomac River to the headwaters of the Run, from which other connections to the Potomac River, such as Pimmit Run
Pimmit Run
Pimmit Run is a stream in northern Virginia that runs from Fairfax County to the Potomac River at Chain Bridge in the Arlingwood neighborhood of Arlington.Pimmit Run forms south of Leesburg Pike in Pimmit Hills...
, could be utilized.
English colonists established Falls Church
Falls Church, Virginia
The City of Falls Church is an independent city in Virginia, United States, in the Washington Metropolitan Area. The city population was 12,332 in 2010, up from 10,377 in 2000. Taking its name from The Falls Church, an 18th-century Anglican parish, Falls Church gained township status within...
as a regional center of government and worship in 1733, choosing as its location a place that was approximately one day’s horseback ride from the Potomac River. The hill and its residents were associated with Falls Church for many decades, as the village—1.5 miles distant—offered the nearest post office and mercantile stores.
Early Statehood Era
After the War of Independence and Virginia’s statehood, commercial progress in the region was rapid. Virginia’s interior and mountain areas were settled, and the promise of increasing commerce drove the founding of the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad
Washington and Old Dominion Railroad
The Washington and Old Dominion Railroad was an intrastate short-line railroad located in Northern Virginia. Its oldest line extended from Alexandria on the Potomac River northwest to Bluemont at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains near Snickers Gap, not far from the boundary line between...
. The AL&H linked the port of Alexandria with Leesburg, and was intended to extend to Hampshire County, in what is now West Virginia.
The railroad opened in 1860. Its route lay along the valley of Four Mile Run, following it on its climb out of the Potomac River basin. Trains wound their way around the base of Upton’s Hill. The nearest station stops were at Carlinville, east of the hill, and Falls Church, to its west.
The Civil War
Although the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
is often thought to have a distinct beginning, on Upton’s Hill the disquiet began in 1859, with the unsuccessful raid by abolitionist John Brown
John Brown (abolitionist)
John Brown was an American revolutionary abolitionist, who in the 1850s advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a means to abolish slavery in the United States. He led the Pottawatomie Massacre during which five men were killed, in 1856 in Bleeding Kansas, and made his name in the...
on the U.S. armory at Harper’s Ferry. This event caused area residents to begin considering the issue of slavery and states’ rights in starkly contradictory terms. Many northerners lived at Falls Church and Upton’s Hill-—including Charles Upton himself—-and their Southern neighbors now made them feel very unwelcome.
Charles Upton’s son-in-law Hugh W. Throckmorton, who also lived on Upton’s Hill, voted for Virginia to remain in the Union. Hugh accused his brother, John A. Throckmorton, of leading a band of 15-20 Southerners who intimidated Northern voters at Ball’s Crossroads (now Ballston) and later at Falls Church. One of his men came to Upton’s home that night looking for Hugh, who hid in a cornfield and fled at dawn’s first light, not stopping until he crossed the safety of the Potomac River into Washington. He and John are thought never to have spoken again.
During that same election on May 23, 1861, Charles Upton presented himself as a candidate for United States Congress. He was elected and seated in the House of Representatives. Several days later, however, his seating was challenged due the uncomfortable fact that Virginia had seceded from the Union. How could he represent Virginia, his opponents asked?
He couldn’t, the House of Representatives found. Upton served until February 1862, after which President Abraham Lincoln appointed him United States consul
Consul
Consul was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire. The title was also used in other city states and also revived in modern states, notably in the First French Republic...
to Switzerland, a post in which he served from 1863 through his death in Geneva in 1877.
The Union Army’s disastrous defeat during the First Battle of Manassas, in July 1861, changed the balance of power on Upton’s Hill wildly. Union troops fled Manassas in a chaotic retreat, crossing the bridges into Washington. Confederate troops followed, occupying Upton’s Hill and its neighbor to the southeast, Munson’s Hill.
Upton sent his family to safety in Ohio, and moved into Washington. Confederate Army troops--led by his estranged son-in-law, John Throckmorton--occupied his fine home, seizing the furniture and also three slaves belonging to Hugh Throckmorton. The home’s strategic location and heavy use by two armies caused it to suffer. “It was a beautiful house built out of white pine and right new,” a Virginia soldier wrote in a letter home. “[Upton] had every convenience about his house that the heart could wish, but everything is torn to pieces,” he observed, after sleeping for one night in the house while on picket duty.
Events quickly shifted in the Union’s favor as Confederate troops withdraw from the hill in late September 1861 and regrouped at Manassas. Union troops occupied the hill and Upton’s home. Upton’s Hill played a locally important role during the war, as the Union Army command used the home as its headquarters. The fruit trees were cut and a large masonry fort was constructed opposite the road (now Wilson Boulevard), at the hill’s topmost point.
This fort was originally called Fort Upton but was later renamed Fort Ramsay. Several drawings, photographs and lithographs of it survive, and show an imposing structure fortified by multiple long-range cannon and manned accordingly. Surrounding the fort at various places on the hill were several large Union army encampments-—Camp Bliss, Camp Dupont, Camp Graham, Camp Keyes, Camp Marion, Camp Niagara, and Camp Upton. These replaced earlier Confederate fortifications.
By the end of the war the Union Army built a tall wooden observation tower
Observation tower
An observation tower is a structure used to view events from a long distance and to create a full 360 degree range of vision. They are usually at least tall and made from stone, iron, and wood. Many modern towers are also used as TV towers, restaurants, or churches...
atop Congressman Upton’s home, affording it line-of-sight communications with the Washington Monument and other observation and signal stations in the region. The hill was also connected to the military telegraph, at first to an army headquarters established in the mansion vacated by General Robert E. Lee (now called the Custis-Lee Mansion) in what is now Arlington National Cemetery, and later into a broader regional network.
Battle Hymn of the Republic
The following in incorrect in location. The Grand Review of troops witnessed by Julia Ward Howe took place at Bailey's Crossroads, VA in November, 1861, not Upton's Hill: http://www.latcra.org/assets/October2010.pdf
National history was made when one of the most famous songs of all time, Battle Hymn of the Republic, was composed as a result of events on Upton’s Hill.
Julia Ward Howe
Julia Ward Howe was a prominent American abolitionist, social activist, and poet, most famous as the author of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic".-Biography:...
attended a troop review on Upton’s Hill, riding from Washington in a carriage with the governor of Massachusetts and other family friends. The review was interrupted by reports of a firefight west of Falls Church between a possibly outgunned Union army cavalry and a larger Confederate force. The review ended quickly and soldiers left quickly for Falls Church.
Mrs. Howe was impressed by the review and by the night-time sights and sounds she encountered as she left it. The campfires and burnished arms all made an impression.
Riding in her carriage back to Washington, they made slow speed due to the soldiers marching before and behind them in the road. The soldiers were singing the popular tune, John Brown’s Body (“John Brown’s body lies a-mouldering in the grave…”). A friend in the carriage suggested Howe, a sometime poet, should write new words for the tune. “I wish I might!,” replied Mrs. Howe.
Early the next morning Mrs. Howe awoke in her hotel room in Washington and found she seemed to be composing verse. She “…found that the wished-for lines were arranging themselves in my brain. I lay quite still until the last verse had completed itself in my thoughts, then hastily arose, saying to myself, ‘I shall lose this if I don’t write it down immediately’.”
Atlantic Monthly published Mrs. Howe’s composition as a poem, set to the tune “John Brown’s Body”, in February 1862, calling it “Battle Hymn of the Republic”. It was an immediate success, and was popular in the North for the rest of the war—and today.
As witnesses attested, “Battle Hymn” was composed as a result of the review on Upton’s Hill. During later years confusion set in, as local historians mistakenly attributed the song's birth to a much larger and better known review held by President Abraham Lincoln at Bailey’s Crossroads
Bailey's Crossroads, Virginia
Bailey's Crossroads is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 23,643 at the 2010 census...
.
The Modern Era
Upton Hill’s summit is now home to a large water tower and an apartment complex. This is emblematic of the wave of residential and commercial development which swept the hill in the 1950s and 1960s. Some of the hill has been preserved as woods by the Upton Hill Regional Park. The slopes are dotted with single-family homes. Seven Corners, a locally prominent shopping district, occupies neighboring Perkins Hill to the south and the shallow valley which separates the two.