Valentí Almirall i Llozer
Encyclopedia
Valentí Almirall i Llozer (bəɫənˈti əɫmiˈɾaʎ; Barcelona
, March 8, 1841–1904) was a Catalan
politician, considered one of the fathers of modern Catalan nationalism
, and more specifically, of the left-winged nationalism. He was the son of shopkeepers and studied at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona
, but had to leave for having criticized the professor Claudio Lorenzale. Did speak Greek
, Latin
, French, Italian
and German, in 1863 and graduated in law at the University of Barcelona
.
His wealth and the little vocation he had of working as a lawyer pushed him into politics. Participated in the preparation and the facts of the revolution of 1868 in Barcelona
, directed the newspaper El Federalista (The federalist) and collaborated with the Federal-Republican Journal, where he published leaflets quite radicals like Guerra a Madrid! (War with Madrid
), Bases para la Constitución federal de la Nación Española y para la del Estado de Cataluña (bases for the federal Constitution of the Spanish Nation and for the Catalan State), Observaciones sobre el modo de plantear la confederación en España (Observations on the way to propose the confederation in Spain). As a republican
he declared himself hostile to any kind of agreement with the monarchical and took part in the Tortosa Pact
(18 May 1869), signed by representatives of Republican organizations in Catalonia
, Valencia, the Balearic Islands
and Aragon
.
Between 1868 and 1881 he was into the Federal Democratic Republican Party (PRDF) where he was the leader of the federal intransigent of Barcelona, a minority group within the federal republicanism, which is based around the Federalists Club (1868–1869), of which he was chosen to be the first president, and around the newspaper El Estado Catalán (1869–1870 and 1873). His ideas were characterized by idealism
. They wanted to transform the centralized and uniformitzador Spanish state
, into a decentralized federal state with a federal revolution from below, which emerged from the initiative of the masses, a revolution that would involve the federal division of Spanish sovereignty between the Spanish historical regions and the government of the federation.
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
, March 8, 1841–1904) was a Catalan
Catalan people
The Catalans or Catalonians are the people from, or with origins in, Catalonia that form a historical nationality in Spain. The inhabitants of the adjacent portion of southern France are sometimes included in this definition...
politician, considered one of the fathers of modern Catalan nationalism
Catalan nationalism
Catalan nationalism or Catalanism , is a political movement advocating for either further political autonomy or full independence of Catalonia....
, and more specifically, of the left-winged nationalism. He was the son of shopkeepers and studied at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
, but had to leave for having criticized the professor Claudio Lorenzale. Did speak Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
, Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
, French, Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
and German, in 1863 and graduated in law at the University of Barcelona
University of Barcelona
The University of Barcelona is a public university located in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia in Spain. It is a member of the Coimbra Group, LERU, European University Association, Mediterranean Universities Union, International Research Universities Network and Vives Network...
.
His wealth and the little vocation he had of working as a lawyer pushed him into politics. Participated in the preparation and the facts of the revolution of 1868 in Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
, directed the newspaper El Federalista (The federalist) and collaborated with the Federal-Republican Journal, where he published leaflets quite radicals like Guerra a Madrid! (War with Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
), Bases para la Constitución federal de la Nación Española y para la del Estado de Cataluña (bases for the federal Constitution of the Spanish Nation and for the Catalan State), Observaciones sobre el modo de plantear la confederación en España (Observations on the way to propose the confederation in Spain). As a republican
Republicanism
Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by means other than heredity, often elections. The exact meaning of republicanism varies depending on the cultural and historical context...
he declared himself hostile to any kind of agreement with the monarchical and took part in the Tortosa Pact
Tortosa Pact
The Federal Tortosa Pact, or simply, Tortosa Pact , was an ideological manifest and organizational project from Republican and Federal forces of Aragon, the Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, signed in Tortosa on May 18, 1869...
(18 May 1869), signed by representatives of Republican organizations in Catalonia
Catalonia
Catalonia is an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, with the official status of a "nationality" of Spain. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an...
, Valencia, the Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands
The Balearic Islands are an archipelago of Spain in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.The four largest islands are: Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza and Formentera. The archipelago forms an autonomous community and a province of Spain with Palma as the capital...
and Aragon
Aragon
Aragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...
.
Between 1868 and 1881 he was into the Federal Democratic Republican Party (PRDF) where he was the leader of the federal intransigent of Barcelona, a minority group within the federal republicanism, which is based around the Federalists Club (1868–1869), of which he was chosen to be the first president, and around the newspaper El Estado Catalán (1869–1870 and 1873). His ideas were characterized by idealism
Idealism
In philosophy, idealism is the family of views which assert that reality, or reality as we can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial. Epistemologically, idealism manifests as a skepticism about the possibility of knowing any mind-independent thing...
. They wanted to transform the centralized and uniformitzador Spanish state
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, into a decentralized federal state with a federal revolution from below, which emerged from the initiative of the masses, a revolution that would involve the federal division of Spanish sovereignty between the Spanish historical regions and the government of the federation.