École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique
Encyclopedia
The École nationale de la statistique et de l'administration économique or ENSAE is one of the French
Grandes Ecoles
of engineering
and a member of ParisTech
(Paris Institute of Technology).
It is one of France's top schools of economics
and statistics
and is directly attached to France's National Institute of Economic and Statistical Information (INSEE
) and the French
Ministry of Economy and Finance.
Students are given a proficient training both in economics and statistics and they can get specialized in macroeconomics, microeconomics, statistics or finance.
The ENSAE has the ability to train its students for the French actuary graduation (Institut des Actuaires).
, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) under the name of the School of Applied Statistics. In 1946, the creation of INSEE, the school took the name of INSEE Specialization School. At this time, the school lead to two types of administrative career: "administrateur" (the highest managing level of the INSEE administration) and "attaché" (the lower level) civil servant executives. Early promotions included five or six "administrateurs" students five or six "attachés" students .
The decree of November 2, 1960 change the name of the school in the National School of Statistics and Economic Administration. The number of students grows, and the curriculum opens to graduate students from Law Schools and Universities of Economics. The decree of April 15, 1971 clarifies the administrative status and the objective of the school in the academic field, definitely making the ENSAE a Grande Ecole
. The school moved to its current campus, at Malakoff Hauts de Seine, 1975.
In the 1980s, a system of scholarship is established to support doctoral studies. A research laboratory, the CREST
(Center for Research in Economics and Statistics), was formed in 1988.
In 1994, the Department of training for "attachés", becomes a full-fledged school, the National School for Statistics and Analysis Areas information (ENSAI, relocated to Rennes
). The "administrateurs" training stays at the ENSAE where more and more students choose to specialize in financial modeling and other new area of applied statistics such as biostatistics or marketing.
In 2006, Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin
announced officially the moving of the School to the new ParisTech
Campus in Palaiseau, near the Ecole Polytechnique
in 2010.
, a category of top level public managers in the French administration.
Economists and statisticians trained are intended to contribute to the economic research; former students hold positions within international organizations (UN
, IMF
, World Bank
, European Commission
,…) and French administration or other public institutions (Ministry of Economy, INSEE
, CREST
,…).
The school admits students from diverse backgrounds:
The institution is actually the only French Grande école
to admit scientific, business and humanities students.
Since 2006 the school is accredited to deliver the title of "ingénieur" by the French Commission of Engineering Titles.
degree from renowned institutions in the area of economics, finance or statistics: Harvard
, Columbia
, Humboldt University of Berlin
, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, etc.
The ENSAE also has a partnership with Sciences Po Paris, allowing its students to pursue both curriculum at the same time and get an additional masters degree from Sciences Po. The agreement waives the students from passing the entry written examination.
ENSAE is member of ParisTech
, the excellence engineering cluster gathering the best parisian Grandes Ecoles in each area of engineering: X, AgroParisTech
, ENGREF, Ponts
, ESPCI, Mines
, ENSTA, ENSAM
, Télécom Paris, Chimie Paris).
About 10% of the recent alumni work in the public sector, the remaining works in capital markets (25%), insurance (25%), consulting (15%) or other industry sectors.
Around 30 % of them get a first job outside France, in particular in London
and New York
. They are hired by financial firms such as banks, insurers or hedge funds for their technical expertise in finance, mathematics, economics and statistics.
2006 graduates positions are as follows:
21% work in financial engineering
14 % are traders
11% are actuaries
7% are portfolio managers
17% economic analysis
4% consulting
3% audit
Since the ENSAE was founded, more than 5,000 statisticians economists have graduated.
for aerospace engineering
in Toulouse
, France
. In order to mark the difference between the two schools, ENSAE is sometimes called "ENSAE Malakoff" "ENSAE Paris" or ENSAE ParisTech", in reference to the city where it is located.
Here is a list of some of the most accomplished alumni. This illustrates perfectly the great diversity of positions held by its alumni both in the public and private sector.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
Grandes Ecoles
Grandes écoles
The grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the main framework of the French university system. The grandes écoles select students for admission based chiefly on national ranking in competitive written and oral exams...
of engineering
Engineering
Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...
and a member of ParisTech
ParisTech
ParisTech the Paris Institute of Technology is one of the collegiate universities in France. It gathers 11 of the best French engineering schools, covering nearly the whole spectrum of engineering science, and 1 business school, aiming to be of comparable status to the most famous universities of...
(Paris Institute of Technology).
It is one of France's top schools of economics
Economics
Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...
and statistics
Statistics
Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments....
and is directly attached to France's National Institute of Economic and Statistical Information (INSEE
INSEE
INSEE is the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies. It collects and publishes information on the French economy and society, carrying out the periodic national census. Located in Paris, it is the French branch of Eurostat, European Statistical System...
) and the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
Ministry of Economy and Finance.
Students are given a proficient training both in economics and statistics and they can get specialized in macroeconomics, microeconomics, statistics or finance.
The ENSAE has the ability to train its students for the French actuary graduation (Institut des Actuaires).
History
The ENSAE was established in 1942 under the National Statistics Service (ancestor of the INSEEINSEE
INSEE is the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies. It collects and publishes information on the French economy and society, carrying out the periodic national census. Located in Paris, it is the French branch of Eurostat, European Statistical System...
, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) under the name of the School of Applied Statistics. In 1946, the creation of INSEE, the school took the name of INSEE Specialization School. At this time, the school lead to two types of administrative career: "administrateur" (the highest managing level of the INSEE administration) and "attaché" (the lower level) civil servant executives. Early promotions included five or six "administrateurs" students five or six "attachés" students .
The decree of November 2, 1960 change the name of the school in the National School of Statistics and Economic Administration. The number of students grows, and the curriculum opens to graduate students from Law Schools and Universities of Economics. The decree of April 15, 1971 clarifies the administrative status and the objective of the school in the academic field, definitely making the ENSAE a Grande Ecole
Grandes écoles
The grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the main framework of the French university system. The grandes écoles select students for admission based chiefly on national ranking in competitive written and oral exams...
. The school moved to its current campus, at Malakoff Hauts de Seine, 1975.
In the 1980s, a system of scholarship is established to support doctoral studies. A research laboratory, the CREST
Center for Research in Economics and Statistics
The Center for Research in Economics and Statistics is the center of research of the INSEE, the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies.The research center is affiliated with the ENSAE graduate school....
(Center for Research in Economics and Statistics), was formed in 1988.
In 1994, the Department of training for "attachés", becomes a full-fledged school, the National School for Statistics and Analysis Areas information (ENSAI, relocated to Rennes
Rennes
Rennes is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France. Rennes is the capital of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department.-History:...
). The "administrateurs" training stays at the ENSAE where more and more students choose to specialize in financial modeling and other new area of applied statistics such as biostatistics or marketing.
In 2006, Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin
Dominique de Villepin
Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin is a French politician who served as the Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007....
announced officially the moving of the School to the new ParisTech
ParisTech
ParisTech the Paris Institute of Technology is one of the collegiate universities in France. It gathers 11 of the best French engineering schools, covering nearly the whole spectrum of engineering science, and 1 business school, aiming to be of comparable status to the most famous universities of...
Campus in Palaiseau, near the Ecole Polytechnique
École Polytechnique
The École Polytechnique is a state-run institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau, Essonne, France, near Paris. Polytechnique is renowned for its four year undergraduate/graduate Master's program...
in 2010.
Mission
Included in the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) under the tutelage of Ministry of the Economy, Industry and Employment, ENSAE provides training for statisticians-economists, some of which are civil servants belonging to the Corps des Administrateurs de l'INSEECorps of INSEE (France)
The Corps of INSEE is a great technical corps of the French state. It is formed of the public servant Administrateurs de l'INSEE who on majority work for INSEE or in the French Ministry of Economy....
, a category of top level public managers in the French administration.
Economists and statisticians trained are intended to contribute to the economic research; former students hold positions within international organizations (UN
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
, IMF
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...
, World Bank
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes.The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty...
, European Commission
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union....
,…) and French administration or other public institutions (Ministry of Economy, INSEE
INSEE
INSEE is the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies. It collects and publishes information on the French economy and society, carrying out the periodic national census. Located in Paris, it is the French branch of Eurostat, European Statistical System...
, CREST
Center for Research in Economics and Statistics
The Center for Research in Economics and Statistics is the center of research of the INSEE, the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies.The research center is affiliated with the ENSAE graduate school....
,…).
The school admits students from diverse backgrounds:
- Alumni of classes préparatoiresClasse Préparatoire aux Grandes ÉcolesThe classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles , commonly called classes prépas or prépas, are part of the French post-secondary education system. They consist in two very selective years , acting as a prep course with the main goal of training undergraduate students for enrolment in one of the...
(from scientific preparatory classes MP / MP *, but also business school preparatory classes ( "HEC math") and Humanities and Social Sciences preparatory classes (Khâgne BL)). - Admission after a graduate degree (normaliensÉcole Normale SupérieureThe École normale supérieure is one of the most prestigious French grandes écoles...
, polytechniciensÉcole PolytechniqueThe École Polytechnique is a state-run institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau, Essonne, France, near Paris. Polytechnique is renowned for its four year undergraduate/graduate Master's program...
students or other holders of Grandes écolesGrandes écolesThe grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the main framework of the French university system. The grandes écoles select students for admission based chiefly on national ranking in competitive written and oral exams...
masters degrees).
The institution is actually the only French Grande école
Grandes écoles
The grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the main framework of the French university system. The grandes écoles select students for admission based chiefly on national ranking in competitive written and oral exams...
to admit scientific, business and humanities students.
Since 2006 the school is accredited to deliver the title of "ingénieur" by the French Commission of Engineering Titles.
Curriculum
The specialization available during the last year.- Actuarial Science
- Market Analysis & Corporate Finance
- Quantitative Finance
- Quantitative Methods & Social Sciences
- Forecasting & Economic Policy
- Statistics
Academic Affiliations
The school has several partnerships and agreements with other academic institutions where students can complete their curriculum during their specialization year. A large and growing number of students chose to do such dual degree program in order to get an additional Master of Science, MBA or PhDPHD
PHD may refer to:*Ph.D., a doctorate of philosophy*Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*PHD finger, a protein sequence*PHD Mountain Software, an outdoor clothing and equipment company*PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
degree from renowned institutions in the area of economics, finance or statistics: Harvard
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
, Columbia
Columbia University
Columbia University in the City of New York is a private, Ivy League university in Manhattan, New York City. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the...
, Humboldt University of Berlin
Humboldt University of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin is Berlin's oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities...
, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, etc.
The ENSAE also has a partnership with Sciences Po Paris, allowing its students to pursue both curriculum at the same time and get an additional masters degree from Sciences Po. The agreement waives the students from passing the entry written examination.
ENSAE is member of ParisTech
ParisTech
ParisTech the Paris Institute of Technology is one of the collegiate universities in France. It gathers 11 of the best French engineering schools, covering nearly the whole spectrum of engineering science, and 1 business school, aiming to be of comparable status to the most famous universities of...
, the excellence engineering cluster gathering the best parisian Grandes Ecoles in each area of engineering: X, AgroParisTech
AgroParisTech
AgroParisTech or Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences was founded on January 1, 2007 by merging three Graduate Institutes in Science and Engineering:* Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon founded in 1826...
, ENGREF, Ponts
Ponts
Ponts is a municipality and a town in the comarca of the Noguera in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the left bank of the Segre river near its confluence with the Llobregós river and at the point where the routes from Calaf and Cervera meet the route from Lleida to La Seu d'Urgell .Economy is...
, ESPCI, Mines
École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris
The École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris was created in 1783 by King Louis XVI in order to train intelligent directors of mines. It is one of the most prominent French engineering schoolsThe École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris (also known as Mines ParisTech, École des Mines de...
, ENSTA, ENSAM
École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers
Arts et Métiers ParisTech is the French leading engineering school in the fields of mechanics and industrialization.The school trained 85,000 engineers since its foundation in 1780 by the Duke of La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt....
, Télécom Paris, Chimie Paris).
Jobs prospects
Former ENSAE graduates work in finance, management, consulting, economic analysis and research (in economics and statistics).About 10% of the recent alumni work in the public sector, the remaining works in capital markets (25%), insurance (25%), consulting (15%) or other industry sectors.
Around 30 % of them get a first job outside France, in particular in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
and New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
. They are hired by financial firms such as banks, insurers or hedge funds for their technical expertise in finance, mathematics, economics and statistics.
2006 graduates positions are as follows:
- 13% keep studying (research, Sciences Po, etc.)
- 53% work in finance insurance:
21% work in financial engineering
14 % are traders
11% are actuaries
7% are portfolio managers
- 24% are work in market survey and consulting:
17% economic analysis
4% consulting
3% audit
Since the ENSAE was founded, more than 5,000 statisticians economists have graduated.
Remark
Note that the abbreviation ENSAE also refers to SUPAERO, a grande écoleGrandes écoles
The grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the main framework of the French university system. The grandes écoles select students for admission based chiefly on national ranking in competitive written and oral exams...
for aerospace engineering
Aerospace engineering
Aerospace engineering is the primary branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction and science of aircraft and spacecraft. It is divided into two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering...
in Toulouse
Toulouse
Toulouse is a city in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern FranceIt lies on the banks of the River Garonne, 590 km away from Paris and half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. In order to mark the difference between the two schools, ENSAE is sometimes called "ENSAE Malakoff" "ENSAE Paris" or ENSAE ParisTech", in reference to the city where it is located.
Alumni
As a Grande Ecole, the ENSAE has a strong and organized alumni network. The "Association des Anciens de l'ENSAE" (ENSAE Alumni Association) manages the links between the different generations of graduates and help them at each stage of their career. The ENSAE Alumni Association is a member of ParisTech Alumni, manageurs.com and AAGEF. The current President of the association is Julien Guitard.Here is a list of some of the most accomplished alumni. This illustrates perfectly the great diversity of positions held by its alumni both in the public and private sector.
- Antoine Paille (1977), founder of the Equity Derivatives Department of Société Générale Corporate & Investment Banking in 1980' see article here
- Jacqueline Aglietta (1965), CEO of MédiamétrieMédiamétrie-External links: http://www.mediametrie.fr/ http://www.mediametrie.com/...
; - Michel AgliettaMichel AgliettaMichel Aglietta is a French economist, currently Professor of Economics at the University of Paris X: Nanterre. Michel Aglietta is a scientific counsellor at CEPII, a member of the University Institute of France, and a consultant to Groupama. An alumnus of the École Polytechnique, from 1998 to...
(1964), EconomistEconomistAn economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...
; - Patrick Artus (1975), EconomistEconomistAn economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...
, Professor at École PolytechniqueÉcole PolytechniqueThe École Polytechnique is a state-run institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau, Essonne, France, near Paris. Polytechnique is renowned for its four year undergraduate/graduate Master's program...
and Chief Economist at NatixisNatixisNatixis is a French corporate and investment bank created in November 2006 from the merger of the asset management and investment banking operations of Natexis Banque Populaire and IXIS ....
; - Alain Bensoussan (1965), member of the French Academy of SciencesFrench Academy of SciencesThe French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research...
, former Chairman of European Space Agency (ESA) Council, former President of the CNESCNESThe is the French government space agency . Established under President Charles de Gaulle in 1961, its headquarters are located in central Paris and it is under the supervision of the French Ministries of Defence and Research...
, former President of the INRIA ; - François BourguignonFrançois BourguignonFrançois Bourguignon is the former Chief Economist of the World Bank. He is the Director of the Paris School of Economics, and was formerly a professor of economics at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris....
, former Chief EconomistWorld Bank Chief EconomistThe World Bank Chief Economist provides intellectual leadership and direction to the Bank’s overall development strategy and economic research agenda, at global, regional and country levels...
of the World BankWorld BankThe World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes.The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty...
, President of the Paris Graduate School of Economics ; - Philippe Bouyoux (1982), Director of the Economic Policy, French Ministry of finance ;
- Jérôme Cazès (1977), CEO of Coface ;
- Eric Chaney (1988), Chief Economist (Morgan Stanley Europe) ;
- Paul Champsaur (1968), President of the French telecommunication regulation agency ARCEP ;
- Jean-Michel Charpin (1973), EconomistEconomistAn economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...
, Director of the French National Institute of Economy l'INSEEINSEEINSEE is the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies. It collects and publishes information on the French economy and society, carrying out the periodic national census. Located in Paris, it is the French branch of Eurostat, European Statistical System...
; - Benoit Coeuré (1992), Director of Agence France Trésor, Professor at the École PolytechniqueÉcole PolytechniqueThe École Polytechnique is a state-run institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau, Essonne, France, near Paris. Polytechnique is renowned for its four year undergraduate/graduate Master's program...
; - Alain DesrosièresAlain DesrosièresAlain Desrosières is a statistician at the INSEE and a sociologist and historian of science at the EHESS , well-known for his work in the history of statistics. He is the author of .-External links:...
(1965), Sociologist - Bruno DurieuxBruno DurieuxBruno Durieux, born October 23, 1944 in Montigny, Sarthe is a French politician.- Biography :Durieux is a graduate of the École polytechnique and ENSAE . He served in Algeria under the command of Marcel Bigeard before embarking upon an administrative career...
(1969), former ministerMinister (government)A minister is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. Senior ministers are members of the cabinet....
; - Pierre-Henri Flamand (1995), Global Head of Goldman Sachs Principal Strategies ;
- Philippe Khuong-Huu (1988), Co-founder of Alphadyne Asset Management;
- Henri Gagnaire (1987), Chairman, SVP ;
- Franck GoddioFranck GoddioFranck Goddio is a French underwater archaeologist. After studying at the École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique in Paris, from which he holds a degree in mathematics and statistics, Franck Goddio held key positions as advisor for national and international...
, underwater archaeologist; - Michel Haski (1970), CEO of AGFAGF (company)AGF is a French insurance company, headquartered in Rue de Richelieu, Paris. The holding company is called Assurances Générales de France, but the company only refers to itself as AGF. Having held a majority stake in AGF since 1998, Allianz SE of Germany achieved 100% ownership of the company in...
Asset Management ; - Philippe Herzog (1964), former European Deputy ;
- Jean-Jacques LaffontJean-Jacques LaffontJean-Jacques Marcel Laffont was a French economist specializing in public economics and information economics. Educated at the University of Toulouse and the Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Economique in Paris, he was awarded the Ph.D...
(1970), EconomistEconomistAn economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...
; - Edmond MalinvaudEdmond MalinvaudEdmond Malinvaud is a French economist. He was the first president of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences....
(1948), EconomistEconomistAn economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...
; - Jean-Louis Mathias (1973), EDFEDF- Military :* Elmendorf Air Force Base, a United States Air Force Base in Alaska* Estonian Defence Forces, military of the Republic of Estonia* European Defence Force, an international military force by the European Council- Organizations :...
; - Gilles Michel (1979),former Managing Director of CitroënCitroënCitroën is a major French automobile manufacturer, part of the PSA Peugeot Citroën group.Founded in 1919 by French industrialist André-Gustave Citroën , Citroën was the first mass-production car company outside the USA and pioneered the modern concept of creating a sales and services network that...
(PSAPSAPSA may refer to:* PSA International , world's second largest port operator* PSA Peugeot Citroën, French vehicle manufacturer...
Peugeot Citroën) and Managing Director of the Fonds Strategiques d'Investissement (FSI) ; - Jean-Claude Milleron (1963), EconomistEconomistAn economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...
; - Pierre-Michel Passy, President of Edmond de Rothschild Investment Partners ;
- Patrick Rey, Professor at the IDEI and at the École PolytechniqueÉcole PolytechniqueThe École Polytechnique is a state-run institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau, Essonne, France, near Paris. Polytechnique is renowned for its four year undergraduate/graduate Master's program...
; - Bernard Salanié (1986), EconomistEconomistAn economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...
, professor at the École PolytechniqueÉcole PolytechniqueThe École Polytechnique is a state-run institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau, Essonne, France, near Paris. Polytechnique is renowned for its four year undergraduate/graduate Master's program...
and at Columbia UniversityColumbia UniversityColumbia University in the City of New York is a private, Ivy League university in Manhattan, New York City. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the...
; - Christian SautterChristian SautterChristian Sautter is a French politician. He served as Minister for Economics, Finance, and Industry from 1999 to 2000 as part of Lionel Jospin's "Plural Left" government.-External links:*...
(1965), former French Minister of Finances ; - Claude Thélot (1970), former President of the Commission du débat national sur l’avenir de l’École ;
- Michel Volle (1965), EconomistEconomistAn economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...