(heparan sulfate)-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase
Encyclopedia
In enzymology, a [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase is an enzyme
that catalyzes
the chemical reaction
Thus, the two substrates
of this enzyme are 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and heparan sulfate
-glucosamine
, whereas its two products
are adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate
and heparan sulfate
-N-sulfoglucosamine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase
s, specifically the sulfotransferases, which transfer sulfur-containing groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase. Other names in common use include heparin N-sulfotransferase, 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate:N-desulfoheparin sulfotransferase, PAPS:N-desulfoheparin sulfotransferase, PAPS:DSH sulfotransferase, N-HSST, N-heparan sulfate sulfotransferase, heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase, heparan sulfate 2-N-sulfotransferase, heparan sulfate N-sulfotransferase, heparan sulfate sulfotransferase, N-desulfoheparin sulfotransferase, desulfoheparin sulfotransferase, 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:N-desulfoheparin N-sulfotransferase, heparitin sulfotransferase, and 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:heparitin N-sulfotransferase.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
that catalyzes
Catalysis
Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....
the chemical reaction
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...
- 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-N-sulfoglucosamine
Thus, the two substrates
Substrate (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate. In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or...
of this enzyme are 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and heparan sulfate
Heparan sulfate
Heparan sulfate is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues. It occurs as a proteoglycan in which two or three HS chains are attached in close proximity to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins...
-glucosamine
Glucosamine
Glucosamine is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of the polysaccharides chitosan and chitin, which compose the exoskeletons of crustaceans and other arthropods, cell walls in fungi and...
, whereas its two products
Product (chemistry)
Product are formed during chemical reactions as reagents are consumed. Products have lower energy than the reagents and are produced during the reaction according to the second law of thermodynamics. The released energy comes from changes in chemical bonds between atoms in reagent molecules and...
are adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate
Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate
Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is a form of an adenosine nucleotide with two phosphate groups attached to different carbons in the ribose ring. This is distinct from adenosine diphosphate, where the two phosphate groups are attached in a chain to the 5' carbon atom in the ring.Adenosine...
and heparan sulfate
Heparan sulfate
Heparan sulfate is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues. It occurs as a proteoglycan in which two or three HS chains are attached in close proximity to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins...
-N-sulfoglucosamine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase
Transferase
In biochemistry, a transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another . For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a transferase:In this example, A would be the donor, and B would be the acceptor...
s, specifically the sulfotransferases, which transfer sulfur-containing groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase. Other names in common use include heparin N-sulfotransferase, 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate:N-desulfoheparin sulfotransferase, PAPS:N-desulfoheparin sulfotransferase, PAPS:DSH sulfotransferase, N-HSST, N-heparan sulfate sulfotransferase, heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase, heparan sulfate 2-N-sulfotransferase, heparan sulfate N-sulfotransferase, heparan sulfate sulfotransferase, N-desulfoheparin sulfotransferase, desulfoheparin sulfotransferase, 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:N-desulfoheparin N-sulfotransferase, heparitin sulfotransferase, and 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:heparitin N-sulfotransferase.