1090s in England
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 1090s in England: |
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| 1070s 1070s in England Events from the 1070s in England.-Events:* 1070** Winter of 1069–1070 - Harrying of the North: William I of England quells rebellions in the North of England following an invasion by Sweyn II of Denmark... | 1080s 1080s in England Events from the 1080s in England.-Incumbents:Monarch - William I of England , William II of England-Events:* 1080... | 1090s | 1100s 1100s in England Events from the 1100s in England.- Events :* 1100** 2 August - King William II of England dies in a hunting accident in the New Forest; he is succeeded by Henry I of England.** 5 August - Coronation of Henry I.... | 1110s 1110s in England Events from the 1110s in England.-Events:* 1110** Roger of Salisbury creates the exchequer as a separate governmental department.** Royal park at Woodstock walled to allow for hunting and keeping exotic animals.* 1111... |
Events from the 1090s in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
.
Events
- 1090
- After buying the allegiance of several local barons, King William IIWilliam II of EnglandWilliam II , the third son of William I of England, was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers over Normandy, and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales...
takes control of eastern NormandyNormandyNormandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is in France.The continental territory covers 30,627 km² and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. It is divided for administrative purposes into two régions:...
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- After buying the allegiance of several local barons, King William II
- 1091
- 2 February - William II invades western Normandy.
- July - Malcolm III of ScotlandMalcolm III of ScotlandMáel Coluim mac Donnchada , was King of Scots...
invades England reaching as far as DurhamDurhamDurham is a city in north east England. It is within the County Durham local government district, and is the county town of the larger ceremonial county...
. - 23 October - London Tornado of 1091London Tornado of 1091The London Tornado of 1091 is reckoned by modern assessment of the reports as possibly a T8 tornado which occurred in London, England. Britain's earliest reported tornado, it occurred on 17 October 1091, killing two. The wooden London Bridge was demolished, and the church of St...
: A T8TORRO scaleThe TORRO tornado intensity scale is a scale measuring tornado intensity between T0 and T11. It was developed by Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organisation , a meteorological organisation in the United Kingdom, as an extension of the Beaufort scale.- History and derivation from...
/F4Fujita scaleThe Fujita scale , or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation...
tornadoTornadoA tornado is a violent, dangerous, rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as a twister or a cyclone, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology in a wider...
is recorded in LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, which destroys London BridgeLondon BridgeLondon Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames, connecting the City of London and Southwark, in central London. Situated between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge, it forms the western end of the Pool of London...
and badly damages St Mary-le-BowSt Mary-le-BowSt Mary-le-Bow is an historic church in the City of London, off Cheapside. According to tradition, a true Cockney must be born within earshot of the sound of the church's bells.-Bells:...
church. - Treaty of CaenTreaty of CaenThe Treaty of Caen was signed in Caen, France in 1091 between William II of England and his brother, Duke Robert Curthose of Normandy. The treaty was made before the initiation of any military engagements. Based on the terms of the accord, William II and Robert Curthouse agreed to cease their rivalry...
signed by King William II of EnglandWilliam II of EnglandWilliam II , the third son of William I of England, was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers over Normandy, and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales...
and his brother Robert II, Duke of Normandy, dividing Normandy between them. - William and Robert jointly invade ScotlandScotlandScotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
. King Malcolm III submits.
- 1092
- May - William II captures CumbriaCumbriaCumbria , is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle. It consists of six districts, and in...
from Scotland. - 18 October - Walcher of MalvernWalcher of MalvernWalcher of Malvern, also known as Walcher of Lorraine or Doctor Walcher, was the second Prior of Malvern and a noted astrologer-astronomer and mathematician....
correctly predicts the time of a lunar eclipseLunar eclipseA lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes behind the Earth so that the Earth blocks the Sun's rays from striking the Moon. This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned exactly, or very closely so, with the Earth in the middle. Hence, a lunar eclipse can only occur the night of a...
. - Lincoln CathedralLincoln CathedralLincoln Cathedral is a historic Anglican cathedral in Lincoln in England and seat of the Bishop of Lincoln in the Church of England. It was reputedly the tallest building in the world for 249 years . The central spire collapsed in 1549 and was not rebuilt...
consecrated. - William II builds Carlisle CastleCarlisle CastleCarlisle Castle is situated in Carlisle, in the English county of Cumbria, near the ruins of Hadrian's Wall. The castle is over 900 years old and has been the scene of many historical episodes in British history. Given the proximity of Carlisle to the border between England and Scotland, it...
.
- May - William II captures Cumbria
- 1093
- 6 March - AnselmAnselm of CanterburyAnselm of Canterbury , also called of Aosta for his birthplace, and of Bec for his home monastery, was a Benedictine monk, a philosopher, and a prelate of the church who held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109...
becomes Archbishop of CanterburyArchbishop of CanterburyThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...
. - 8 April - Construction of Winchester CathedralWinchester CathedralWinchester Cathedral at Winchester in Hampshire is one of the largest cathedrals in England, with the longest nave and overall length of any Gothic cathedral in Europe...
completed. - 11 August - Construction of Durham CathedralDurham CathedralThe Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St Cuthbert of Durham is a cathedral in the city of Durham, England, the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Durham. The Bishopric dates from 995, with the present cathedral being founded in AD 1093...
begins. - 13 November - The Scottish King Malcolm III killed at the Battle of AlnwickBattle of Alnwick (1093)The Battle of Alnwick is one of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick, in Northumberland, England. In the battle, which occurred on 13 November 1093, Malcolm III of Scotland, also known as Malcolm Canmore, was killed together with his son Edward, by an army of knights led by Robert de...
, during an invasion of England. - Normans occupy southern WalesWalesWales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...
, constructing CardiffCardiff CastleCardiff Castle is a medieval castle and Victorian architecture Gothic revival mansion, transformed from a Norman keep erected over a Roman fort in the Castle Quarter of Cardiff, the capital of Wales. The Castle is a Grade I Listed Building.-The Roman fort:...
and Pembroke CastlePembroke CastlePembroke Castle is a medieval castle in Pembroke, West Wales. Standing beside the River Cleddau, it underwent major restoration work in the early 20th century. The castle was the original seat of the Earldom of Pembroke....
s.
- 6 March - Anselm
- 1094
- February - William II and Anselm quarrel about investitureInvestitureInvestiture, from the Latin is a rather general term for the formal installation of an incumbent...
and the overlordship of Church lands. - 19 March - William II unsuccessfully invades Normandy.
- Welsh expel the Marcher Lords and destroy all Norman strongholds in Wales, except Pembroke Castle.
- February - William II and Anselm quarrel about investiture
- 1095
- January - Robert de MowbrayRobert de MowbrayRobert de Mowbray , a Norman, was Earl of Northumbria from 1086, until 1095, when he was deposed for rebelling against William Rufus, King of England. He was the son of Roger de Mowbray and nephew of Geoffrey de Montbray, bishop of Coutances...
, Earl of NorthumberlandEarl of NorthumberlandThe title of Earl of Northumberland was created several times in the Peerages of England and Great Britain, succeeding the title Earl of Northumbria. Its most famous holders were the House of Percy , who were the most powerful noble family in Northern England for much of the Middle Ages...
, rebels. William II captures Newcastle upon TyneNewcastle upon TyneNewcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne...
and BamburghBamburghBamburgh is a large village and civil parish on the coast of Northumberland, England. It has a population of 454.It is notable for two reasons: the imposing Bamburgh Castle, overlooking the beach, seat of the former Kings of Northumbria, and at present owned by the Armstrong family ; and its...
, ending the revolt. - 25 February - A Council at RockinghamRockingham, NorthamptonshireRockingham is a village and civil parish in the Corby district of Northamptonshire, England. It is just north of Corby, close by the border with Leicestershire and Rutland, near to Great Easton and Caldecott...
is held to resolve the dispute between Anselm and William II, but fails to do so. - May - Papal legate forces a reconciliation between William II and Anselm.
- January - Robert de Mowbray
- 1096
- University of OxfordUniversity of OxfordThe University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...
founded. - King William II takes control of the Duchy of NormandyDuchy of NormandyThe Duchy of Normandy stems from various Danish, Norwegian, Hiberno-Norse, Orkney Viking and Anglo-Danish invasions of France in the 9th century...
while his brother Robert II, Duke of Normandy is on the First CrusadeFirst CrusadeThe First Crusade was a military expedition by Western Christianity to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem...
. - Construction of Norwich CathedralNorwich CathedralNorwich Cathedral is a cathedral located in Norwich, Norfolk, dedicated to the Holy and Undivided Trinity. Formerly a Catholic church, it has belonged to the Church of England since the English Reformation....
completed.
- University of Oxford
- 1097
- October - Edgar ÆthelingEdgar ÆthelingEdgar Ætheling , or Edgar II, was the last male member of the royal house of Cerdic of Wessex...
overthrows Donald III of ScotlandDonald III of ScotlandDomnall mac Donnchada , anglicised as Donald III, and nicknamed Domnall Bán, "Donald the Fair" , was King of Scots from 1093–1094 and 1094–1097...
and places his nephew EdgarEdgar of ScotlandEdgar or Étgar mac Maíl Choluim , nicknamed Probus, "the Valiant" , was king of Alba from 1097 to 1107...
on the Scottish throne. - 8 November - Anselm leaves England following disagreements with William II.
- Construction of Westminster Hall.
- October - Edgar Ætheling
- 1098
- NorwegianNorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
fleet halts a Norman invasion of north Wales.
- Norwegian
- 1099
- 11 November - Flooding of Mount's BayMount's BayMount's Bay is a large, sweeping bay on the English Channel coast of Cornwall in the United Kingdom, stretching from the Lizard Point to Gwennap Head on the eastern side of the Land's End peninsula. Towards the middle of the bay is St Michael's Mount...
, CornwallCornwallCornwall is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of , and covers an area of...
.
- 11 November - Flooding of Mount's Bay
Births
- 1095
- Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of NorfolkHugh Bigod, 1st Earl of NorfolkHugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk was born in Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire, England.He was the second son of Roger Bigod , Sheriff of Norfolk, who founded the Bigod name in England...
(died 1177)
- Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk
- 1096
- King Stephen of EnglandStephen of EnglandStephen , often referred to as Stephen of Blois , was a grandson of William the Conqueror. He was King of England from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne by right of his wife. Stephen's reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda...
(died 1154)
- King Stephen of England
Deaths
- 1092
- Remigius de FécampRemigius de FécampRemigius de Fécamp was a Benedictine monk who was a supporter of William the Conqueror.-Early life:...
, Bishop of LincolnBishop of LincolnThe Bishop of Lincoln is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Lincoln in the Province of Canterbury.The present diocese covers the county of Lincolnshire and the unitary authority areas of North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire. The Bishop's seat is located in the Cathedral...
- Remigius de Fécamp
- 1094
- SimeonSimeon (abbot)Simeon was a relative of King William I of England and the brother of Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester. It was through his brother's influence that Simeon was made prior of Winchester, then in 1082 Abbot of Ely, where he began work on the present building...
, Abbot of Ely (born c. 994)
- Simeon
- 1095
- 19 January - Wulfstan, Bishop of WorcesterWulfstan, Bishop of WorcesterWulfstan , Bishop of Worcester, was the last surviving pre-Conquest bishop and the only English-born bishop after 1075. Wulfstan is a Christian saint.-Denomination:His denomination as Wulfstan II is to indicate that he is the second Bishop Wulfstan of Worcester...
(born 1008) - 26 June - Robert of HerefordRobert of HerefordRobert of Hereford was a priest who became Bishop of Hereford following the Norman Conquest of England.-Life:...
, Bishop of HerefordBishop of HerefordThe Bishop of Hereford is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Hereford in the Province of Canterbury.The see is in the City of Hereford where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Mary and Saint Ethelbert which was founded as a cathedral in 676.The Bishop's residence is...
- 19 January - Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester
- 1096
- William de St-Calais, Bishop of Durham and counsellor of William II
- 1097
- Odo of Bayeux, Earl of KentEarl of KentThe peerage title Earl of Kent has been created eight times in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.See also Kingdom of Kent, Duke of Kent.-Earls of Kent, first creation :*Godwin, Earl of Wessex...
(born c. 1036, Normandy)
- Odo of Bayeux, Earl of Kent
- 1098
- 3 January - WalkelinWalkelinWalkelin was the first Norman bishop of Winchester .-Life:Walkelin was of noble birth and related to William the Conqueror, whom he served as a royal chaplain. Prior to the Norman Conquest he had probably been a canon at Rouen Cathedral...
, Bishop of WinchesterBishop of WinchesterThe Bishop of Winchester is the head of the Church of England diocese of Winchester, with his cathedra at Winchester Cathedral in Hampshire.The bishop is one of five Church of England bishops to be among the Lords Spiritual regardless of their length of service. His diocese is one of the oldest and...
- 3 January - Walkelin
- 1099
- 3 December - Saint Osmund, Bishop of SalisburyBishop of SalisburyThe Bishop of Salisbury is the ordinary of the Church of England's Diocese of Salisbury in the Province of Canterbury.The diocese covers much of the counties of Wiltshire and Dorset...
and Lord ChancellorLord ChancellorThe Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor, is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom. He is the second highest ranking of the Great Officers of State, ranking only after the Lord High Steward. The Lord Chancellor is appointed by the Sovereign...
- 3 December - Saint Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury