1586 in science
Encyclopedia
The year 1586 in science
and technology
included a number of events, some of which are listed here.
Science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...
and technology
Technology
Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. The word technology comes ;...
included a number of events, some of which are listed here.
Botany
- Jacques Daléchamps publishes Historia generalis plantarum in LyonLyonLyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
, describing 2731 plants, a record number for this time.
Cryptography
- Blaise de VigenèreBlaise de VigenèreBlaise de Vigenère was a French diplomat and cryptographer. The Vigenère cipher is so named due to the cipher being incorrectly attributed to him in the 19th century....
publishes Traicté des chiffres ou secretes manières d'escrire in ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, describing an autokey cipherAutokey cipherAn autokey cipher is a cipher which incorporates the message into the key. There are two forms of autokey cipher: key autokey and text autokey ciphers. A key-autokey cipher uses previous members of the keystream to determine the next element in the keystream...
of his invention.
Exploration
- July 21 - Thomas CavendishThomas CavendishSir Thomas Cavendish was an English explorer and a privateer known as "The Navigator" because he was the first who deliberately tried to emulate Sir Francis Drake and raid the Spanish towns and ships in the Pacific and return by circumnavigating the globe...
sets out from PlymouthPlymouthPlymouth is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England, about south-west of London. It is built between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound...
in the Desire on the first deliberately planned circumnavigationCircumnavigationCircumnavigation – literally, "navigation of a circumference" – refers to travelling all the way around an island, a continent, or the entire planet Earth.- Global circumnavigation :...
.
Mathematics
- Francesco BarozziFrancesco BarozziFrancesco Barozzi was an Italian mathematician, astronomer and humanist.-Life:...
publishes Admirandum illud geometricum problema tredecim modis demonstratum quod docet duas lineas in eodem plano designare, a treatise on the construction of parallel lines.
Medicine
- Timothy BrightTimothy BrightTimothy Bright, M.D. was an English physician and clergyman, the inventor of modern shorthand.-Early life:Bright was born in or about 1551, probably in the neighbourhood of Sheffield. He matriculated as a sizar at Trinity College, Cambridge, 'impubes, æt. 11,' on 21 May 1561, and graduated B.A. in...
publishes A Treatise of Melancholie; containing the causes thereof, & reasons of the strange effects it worketh in our minds and bodies: with the phisicke cure, and spirituall consolation... in LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
.
Physics
- GalileoGalileo GalileiGalileo Galilei , was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism...
publishes La Billancetta, describing an accurate balance to weigh objects in air or water. - Simon StevinSimon StevinSimon Stevin was a Flemish mathematician and military engineer. He was active in a great many areas of science and engineering, both theoretical and practical...
publishes De Beghinselen der Weeghconst in Leiden, discussing static forceForceIn physics, a force is any influence that causes an object to undergo a change in speed, a change in direction, or a change in shape. In other words, a force is that which can cause an object with mass to change its velocity , i.e., to accelerate, or which can cause a flexible object to deform...
s; and De Beghinselen des Waterwichts, discussing the weight of water.
Births
- February 26 - Niccolò CabeoNiccolo CabeoNiccolò Cabeo was an Italian Jesuit philosopher, theologian, engineer and mathematician.-Biography:He was born in Ferrara in 1586, and was educated at the Jesuit college in Parma beginning in 1602...
, ItalianItalian peopleThe Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...
polymathPolymathA polymath is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas. In less formal terms, a polymath may simply be someone who is very knowledgeable...
(d. 16501650 in scienceThe year 1650 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Astronomy:*In Ursa Major, the handle's middle star, Mizar, is noted to be a binary star by Giambattista Riccioli.-Botany:* Begonias are first discovered by Francisco Hernandez....
) - December 6 - Niccolò ZucchiNiccolo ZucchiNiccolò Zucchi was an Italian Jesuit, astronomer, and physicist.As an astronomer he may have been the first to see the belts on the planet Jupiter , and reported spots on Mars in 1640....
, Italian astronomerAstronomerAn astronomer is a scientist who studies celestial bodies such as planets, stars and galaxies.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using...
(d. 16701670 in scienceThe year 1670 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* John Ray publishes Catalogus plantarum Angliæ, the basis of all later floras of England.-Earth sciences:...
) - John Mason, EnglishEnglish peopleThe English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...
explorer (d. 16351635 in scienceThe year 1635 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Botany:* Jardin des Plantes, Paris, planted as a physic garden by Guy de La Brosse.-Births:* May 9 - J. J. Becher, German physician and chemist...
) - approx. date - Guy de La BrosseGuy de La BrosseGuy de La Brosse , was a French botanist, doctor, and pharmacist. A physician to King Louis XIII of France, he is also notable for the creation of a major botanical garden of medicinal herbs, which was commissioned by the king...
, FrenchFrench peopleThe French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
physicianPhysicianA physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
and botanist (d. 16411641 in scienceThe year 1641 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Technology:* The sealed thermometer is developed with Ferdinand II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, using a glass tube containing alcohol, which freezes well below the freezing point of water....
)
Deaths
- January 9 - Paul WittichPaul WittichPaul Wittich was a German mathematician and astronomer whose Capellan geoheliocentric model, in which the inner planets Mercury and Venus orbit the sun but the outer planets Mars, Jupiter and Saturn orbit the Earth, may have directly inspired Tycho Brahe's more radically heliocentric...
, German astronomer and mathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
(b. c.15461546 in scienceThe year 1546 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Medicine:* Antonio Musa Brassavola of Ferrara publishes the first definitely recorded successful tracheostomy....
) - May 29 - Adam LonicerAdam LonicerAdam Lonicer, Adam Lonitzer or Adamus Lonicerus was a German botanist, noted for his 1557 revised version of Eucharius Rösslin’s herbal....
, German botanist (b. 15281528 in scienceThe year 1528 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Exploration:* November 6 - Spanish conquistador Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his companions become the first Europeans known to set foot on the territory of Texas.* Jean Fernel publishes...
) - October 19 - Ignazio DantiIgnazio DantiIgnazio Danti , born Pellegrino Rainaldi Danti, was an Italian priest, mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer.-Biography:Danti was born in Perugia to a family rich in artists and scientists...
, Italian mathematician and astronomer (b. 15361536 in scienceThe year 1536 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Botany:* Charles Estienne publishes Seminarium, et Plantarium fructiferarum praesertim arborum quae post hortos conseri solent, Denuo auctum & locupletatum...
)