1810-1819 Atlantic hurricane seasons

Encyclopedia

1790s 1800s

1800-1809 Atlantic hurricane seasons

1600s 1700s 1800s 1810s 1820s-1800 Atlantic hurricane season:I. A minimal hurricane that passed through the Leeward Islands on August 10 moved through the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico to strike southeast Louisiana on August 18....

1810s 1820s

1820-1829 Atlantic hurricane seasons

1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s-1820 Atlantic hurricane season:I. A minimal hurricane moved from Florida on September 8 northward to hit near the border of North Carolina and South Carolina on September 10. It caused only minor damage.II...

1830s

1830-1839 Atlantic hurricane seasons

1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s-1830 Atlantic hurricane season:I. A hurricane moved from Trinidad to western Cuba between August 3 and August 9.-Atlantic Coast Hurricane:...

1810 Atlantic hurricane season

I. On July 30 and July 31, this tropical storm affected Jamaica

Jamaica

Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...

.

II. On August 12 a hurricane hit Trinidad

Trinidad

Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands and numerous landforms which make up the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. It is the southernmost island in the Caribbean and lies just off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. With an area of it is also the fifth largest in...

, causing heavy damage. The system apparently moved to Jamaica

Jamaica

by the 15th.

III. A tropical storm hit near Charleston, South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina

Charleston is the second largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It was made the county seat of Charleston County in 1901 when Charleston County was founded. The city's original name was Charles Towne in 1670, and it moved to its present location from a location on the west bank of the...

between September 11 and September 13, causing minor damage.

IV. A tropical cyclone strikes eastern Cuba

Cuba

The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...

on September 28.

V. The "Salty Storm" strikes Cuba on October 24 and 25th before continuing onward into the southwest Atlantic. The pressure at Havana

Havana

Havana is the capital city, province, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city proper has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants, and it spans a total of — making it the largest city in the Caribbean region, and the most populous...

falls to 29.35"

1811 Atlantic hurricane season

I. A minor hurricane that struck Cuba continued onward to Charleston, South Carolina on September 10, causing many deaths, tornadoes, and crop damage as it moved across the state.

II. On October 4 a major hurricane hit near St. Augustine, Florida

St. Augustine, Florida

St. Augustine is a city in the northeast section of Florida and the county seat of St. Johns County, Florida, United States. Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorer and admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, it is the oldest continuously occupied European-established city and port in the continental United...

. Many homes were destroyed, and 35 people drowned in the sinking of a U.S. Gunboat.

III. On October 11 a hurricane strikes Pensacola, Florida

Florida

Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...

and Fort Stoddard, Alabama

Alabama

Alabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland...

.

IV. A hurricane moved through the western Caribbean west of Jamaica to Cuba between October 20 and October 25. On October 26 a Spanish ship is lost at Elliot Key from a hurricane.

1812 Atlantic hurricane season

I. Between June 5 and June 11, a tropical storm moved through the northwest Caribbean Sea

Caribbean Sea

The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles....

.

II. A tropical cyclone struck Puerto Rico on July 23.

III. On August 8, a tropical storm moved into South Carolina

South Carolina

South Carolina is a state in the Deep South of the United States that borders Georgia to the south, North Carolina to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence...

Great Louisiana hurricane

IV. A tropical cyclone was sighted east of Jamaica on August 14. By August 19, it struck southeast Louisiana

Louisiana

Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...

as a major hurricane after raking the Caribbean Islands. It passed just to the west of New Orleans, almost destroying the levee north of town. The hurricane caused severe flooding, damaged 53 boats, caused $6,000,000 in damage, and 100 deaths. The British fleet in the War of 1812

War of 1812

The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...

was disrupted.

V. There is record of another hurricane affecting Puerto Rico on August 21.

VI. Later in the season, a hurricane hit Jamaica

Jamaica

on October 12, affecting the island into the 14th. It continued northwestward, hitting Cuba

Cuba

on the 14th before moving into the southwest Atlantic east of Bermuda

Bermuda

Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...

by October 17. It destroyed 500 houses and many ships.

1813 Atlantic hurricane season

I. On July 22, a hurricane hit Barbados

Barbados

Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint...

, killing 18 there. It continued through the islands, affecting Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...

on the 23rd, causing more damage and deaths along its path. This is likely the same storm that struck the Bahamas as a major hurricane on July 26 and recurved west of Bermuda

Bermuda

by July 29.

II. After moving through the Leeward Islands

Leeward Islands

The Leeward Islands are a group of islands in the West Indies. They are the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles chain. As a group they start east of Puerto Rico and reach southward to Dominica. They are situated where the northeastern Caribbean Sea meets the western Atlantic Ocean...

on July 29, this storm struck Jamaica

Jamaica

from July 31-August 1, leading to many lives lost. The hurricane was last seen moving into Belize on August 3.

III. Between August 3 and August 7, a tropical cyclone passed nearby Bermuda

Bermuda

, with a bulk of the impact occurring on August 4 and early August 5. It was the worst hurricane to affect the island since 1793 and forced the construction of a breakwater to prevent a similar harbor disaster from recurring; more than 30 ships were driven ashore by the "violent gale." Winds were estimated at 90 mi/h during the cyclone's passage. (from the book Beware the Hurricane)

IV. A powerful hurricane hit Dominica

Dominica

Dominica , officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth...

and Martinique

Martinique

Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of . Like Guadeloupe, it is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia, and to the southeast Barbados...

beginning August 25, causing 3000 deaths. The cyclone moved south of Jamaica by August 28.

V. A system that affected the Caicos Islands on August 24 moved northwest to strike as a compact major hurricane near Charleston, South Carolina

South Carolina

on August 27, causing many deaths due to drowning. The system passed northward through the Mid-Atlantic States by August 29.

VI. Northeast Florida

Florida

/Southeast Georgia

Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a state located in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. The state is named after King George II of Great Britain. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788...

was hit by a major hurricane on September 16, causing strong storm surge and 50 casualties.

1814 Atlantic hurricane season

I. A minimal hurricane hit South Carolina

South Carolina

on July 1, causing 1 tornado.

II. A hurricane struck Dominica

Dominica

and Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

between July 22 and July 24.

III. A hurricane affected Bermuda for four days around October 10. (from Beware the Hurricane)

1815 Atlantic hurricane season

I. Cape Lookout, North Carolina was hit by a major hurricane on September 3. It moved northeastward across the state, reaching the Atlantic Ocean near Maryland

Maryland

Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east...

. It weakened over land to a tropical storm, but still brought gusty winds to New England

New England

New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut...

. It caused at least 4 deaths.
II. Three weeks later, another major hurricane was located off the coast of Virginia moving northward. It hit Long Island, New York on September 23, causing damage and destruction throughout New England. At least 20 deaths occurred, though "The loss of life was so heavy that the newspapers did not have space enough to give all the details of the marine disasters."

III. A tropical storm was located off the coast of South Carolina on September 28, but did not make landfall.

IV. From October 17 until October 19 Jamaica was hit by a hurricane. It drifted over the island, causing 100 deaths.

V. A minor hurricane hit Saint Bartholomew on October 18. It turned northwestward, and moved up the Chesapeake Bay on October 24, delaying ships' arrivals.

1816 Atlantic hurricane season

Records from ship logs have determined both 1815 and 1816 were active hurricane seasons, with at least 12 tropical cyclones ascribed to 1816 alone. This is some evidence that a northward-displaced Intertropical Convergence Zone

Intertropical Convergence Zone

The Intertropical Convergence Zone , known by sailors as The Doldrums, is the area encircling the earth near the equator where winds originating in the northern and southern hemispheres come together....

appears to be partially responsible for the increased 1816 tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a large low-pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain. Tropical cyclones strengthen when water evaporated from the ocean is released as the saturated air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor...

activity.

I. June 5–8: A hurricane brushed the Florida Keys, causing the loss of 5 ships. Interestingly, it appears to have been lured northward by an unusual June snowstorm across New England.

II. Haiti

Haiti

Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...

, around Port-au-Prince, was struck by a hurricane on August 18.

III. Martinique

Martinique

, eastern Cuba

Cuba

, and South Carolina

South Carolina

were lashed by a hurricane between September 3 and September 11.

IV. A tropical storm affected Virginia on September 18 before moving northeast into New York. The tropical storm caused heavy flooding in the James River

James River (Virginia)

The James River is a river in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is long, extending to if one includes the Jackson River, the longer of its two source tributaries. The James River drains a catchment comprising . The watershed includes about 4% open water and an area with a population of 2.5 million...

area.

V. There is record of a hurricane moving by Dominica

Dominica

and Barbados

Barbados

on September 15 before devastating Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/sju/hrcnhist.html on September 18. The cyclone then recurved between the United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

East coast and Bermuda by September 25.

VI. On October 16–17, a severe gale was experienced in Dominica and Martinique. During the storm, an earthquake shook the region.

1817 Atlantic hurricane season

I. A hurricane was first observed near Tobago

Tobago

Tobago is the smaller of the two main islands that make up the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It is located in the southern Caribbean, northeast of the island of Trinidad and southeast of Grenada. The island lies outside the hurricane belt...

on August 1 before continuing through the Caribbean Sea

Caribbean Sea

and the Gulf of Mexico

Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico is a partially landlocked ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent and the island of Cuba. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. In...

by August 6. It crossed over Florida

Florida

, and when it reached the western Atlantic, it paralleled the coastlines of Georgia and South Carolina

South Carolina

. It moved inland over southern North Carolina

North Carolina

North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...

, and brought heavy rain to the Norfolk, Virginia

Norfolk, Virginia

Norfolk is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. With a population of 242,803 as of the 2010 Census, it is Virginia's second-largest city behind neighboring Virginia Beach....

area, delaying mail delivery and causing flooding through the mid-Atlantic as it moved northward into Pennsylvania by August 9. Its track appears similar to that of Hurricane Charley

Hurricane Charley

Hurricane Charley was the third named storm, the second hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15, and at its peak intensity it attained 150 mph winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the...

of August 2004.

II. Barbados was struck by a hurricane on October 21, causing 250 deaths as it moved through the Lesser Antilles

Lesser Antilles

The Lesser Antilles are a long, partly volcanic island arc in the Western Hemisphere. Most of its islands form the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean, with the remainder located in the southern Caribbean just north of South America...

. The hurricane subsequently moved into Nicaragua

Nicaragua

Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...

by October 26.

1818 Atlantic hurricane season

I. A hurricane passed through the central Atlantic east of Bermuda

Bermuda

to south and east of the Azores

Azores

The Archipelago of the Azores is composed of nine volcanic islands situated in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, and is located about west from Lisbon and about east from the east coast of North America. The islands, and their economic exclusion zone, form the Autonomous Region of the...

between August 26 and September 5. It reportedly silted at Hamilton Harbor on Bermuda

Bermuda

. (from Beware the Hurricane)

II. A hurricane passed by the Cayman Islands

Cayman Islands

The Cayman Islands is a British Overseas Territory and overseas territory of the European Union located in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica...

in early September. It crossed the Yucatán Peninsula

Yucatán Peninsula

The Yucatán Peninsula, in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel...

, and turned northwest when it reached the Bay of Campeche

Bay of Campeche

The Bay of Campeche is the southern bight of the Gulf of Mexico. It is surrounded on three sides by the Mexican states of Campeche, Tabasco and Veracruz. It was named by Francisco Hernández de Córdoba and Antonio de Alaminos during their expedition in 1517...

. The hurricane intensified to a Category 2-3 before hitting Galveston, Texas

Galveston, Texas

Galveston is a coastal city located on Galveston Island in the U.S. state of Texas. , the city had a total population of 47,743 within an area of...

on September 12 and continuing onward to Mississippi

Mississippi

Mississippi is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, whose name comes from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi...

. The hurricane was "quite severe", destroying all but six houses on Galveston Island

Galveston Island

Galveston Island is a barrier island on the Texas Gulf coast in the United States, about 50 miles southeast of Houston. The entire island, with the exception of Jamaica Beach, is within the city limits of the City of Galveston....

.

III. A tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclone

seriously affected Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

on September 22. It possibly recurved sharply offshore the Eastern Seaboard, as the frigate Macedonian encountered a hurricane on the 26th and 27th to the east-northeast of Bermuda. The breeze freshened that afternoon as the ship lay near 35.6N 55.7W. By sunset, waves increased to nine feet, and southeast gales lashed the system after midnight on the 27th. Winds continued to increase into that afternoon, as seas increased to 18 feet (5.5 m). One man fell overboard by 5 p.m. and drowned. The hurricane reached its full violence by 10 p.m., splitting the storm staysails, and making the rigging useless. The main mast cracked under the strain by 2 a.m. on the 28th, and the mizzenmast followed suit by 4 a.m.. Seawater poured into the ship from all sides, as the wooden hull twisted under the force of the 40 feet (12.2 m) waves. The ship finally cleared the storm without capsizing by noon, and finally got to see a sunset by the evening of the 29th.
IV. An October 12–14 hurricane affected Jamaica

Jamaica

and the central Bahamas.

V. Between November 6 and November 13, another hurricane moved across the southwest Caribbean Sea

Caribbean Sea

into Jamaica

Jamaica

and Cuba

Cuba

Bay St. Louis Hurricane

The exact origin of this hurricane is unknown, but it likely formed off the coast of Cuba

Cuba

before heading on a west-northwest track towards the Gulf Coast. A small hurricane, it reached an estimated Category 3-4 strength before making landfall on July 27 in southeastern Louisiana

Louisiana

, bringing heavy winds and a 5–6 ft storm surge

Storm surge

A storm surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system, typically tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones. Storm surges are caused primarily by high winds pushing on the ocean's surface. The wind causes the water to pile up higher than the ordinary sea...

. The hurricane continued northeastward, making a second landfall in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi

Bay St. Louis, Mississippi

Bay Saint Louis is a city located in Hancock County, Mississippi. It is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 8,209. It is the county seat of Hancock County...

before dissipating inland. Known as one of the most destructive hurricanes to affect the United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

during the first half of the 19th century, the Bay St. Louis Hurricane caused severe damage across Alabama

Alabama

, Louisiana

Louisiana

, and Mississippi

Mississippi

, leaving behind the remains of shattered buildings and uprooted trees. Several vessels (from small boats to 60-ton brigs) were driven ashore by the hurricane's storm surge

Storm surge

. One of them was the capsizing of the U.S. warship Firebrand

Firebrand

The word Firebrand has several uses:* A piece of burning wood * A person with a penchant for militancy in speech and/or action-Vehicles:*Blackburn Firebrand, an aircraft constructed for the Royal Navy...

, drowning 39 sailors. Several U.S. soldiers were caught off guard by the hurricane and perished in its midst. There were also reports of people being attacked by alligator

Alligator

An alligator is a crocodilian in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae. There are two extant alligator species: the American alligator and the Chinese alligator ....

s, snapping turtle

Snapping turtle

The common snapping turtle is a large freshwater turtle of the family Chelydridae. Its natural range extends from southeastern Canada, southwest to the edge of the Rocky Mountains, as far east as Nova Scotia and Florida and as far southwest as northeastern Mexico...

s, and snake

Snake

Snakes are elongate, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears. Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales...

s, which further added to the death toll. The hurricane caused over $100,000 dollars (1819 US dollars) in damage, and killed between 43 to 175 people, some of them later found washed up across the Gulf Coast.

Hurricane San Mateo

Between September 19 and September 26, hurricane San Mateo tracked through the northeast Lesser Antilles

Lesser Antilles

and southwest of Bermuda

Bermuda

. During September 21 and September 22, this hurricane hit the Virgin Islands

Virgin Islands

The Virgin Islands are the western island group of the Leeward Islands, which are the northern part of the Lesser Antilles, which form the border between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean...

and Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

, causing heavy damage and loss of life. In San Tomas about 101 ships were sank. In Puerto Rico it destroyed most of the houses in the towns and most of the crops in the fields.

Other storms

A tropical storm hit between New Orleans and Apalachicola in September.

From October 13 to October 15, a hurricane passed through the Leeward Islands
Leeward Islands
The Leeward Islands are a group of islands in the West Indies. They are the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles chain. As a group they start east of Puerto Rico and reach southward to Dominica. They are situated where the northeastern Caribbean Sea meets the western Atlantic Ocean...

.

A hurricane is recorded to have struck Cuba
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...

on October 27 before moving onward to the Bahamas on October 28.

External links

http://www.treasurelore.com/florida/hurricanes.htm
http://www.sephardim.org/jamaica/main.html
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadly.shtml
http://garnet.acns.fsu.edu/~jelsner/HHITProject/HHITyears/
http://www.candoo.com/genresources/hurricane.htm

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

1810 Atlantic hurricane season

1811 Atlantic hurricane season

1812 Atlantic hurricane season

Great Louisiana hurricane

1813 Atlantic hurricane season

1814 Atlantic hurricane season

1815 Atlantic hurricane season

1816 Atlantic hurricane season

1817 Atlantic hurricane season

1818 Atlantic hurricane season

Bay St. Louis Hurricane

Hurricane San Mateo

Other storms

See also

Books

External links