1916-17 NHA season
Encyclopedia
The 1916–17 NHA season was the eighth and final season of the National Hockey Association
National Hockey Association
The National Hockey Association was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. It is the direct predecessor organization to today's National Hockey League...

. Six teams were to play two half-seasons of ten games each, but this was disrupted and only four teams finished the season. The Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Canadiens
The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League . The club is officially known as ...

 defeated the Ottawa Senators
Ottawa Senators (original)
The Ottawa Senators were an amateur, and later, professional, ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954. The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a founding member of the National Hockey League and played in the NHL from 1917 until 1934...

 in a playoff to win the NHA championship.

The NHA franchise of the dormant Shamrocks was taken back from its owner Eddie Livingstone and used by the Toronto 228th Battalion
Toronto 228th Battalion (NHA)
The Toronto 228th Battalion was an ice hockey team, composed entirely of troops in the 228th Battalion, CEF of the Canadian Army, in the National Hockey Association for the 1916–17 season....

, which had a number of NHA hockey players who had enlisted for military service. Also known as the Northern Fusiliers, the team played wearing khaki military uniforms and was the league's most popular and highest scoring club until the regiment was ordered overseas in February 1917 and the team was forced to withdraw. A scandal ensued when several stars were subsequently discharged, not having to fight and alleged they had been promised commissions solely to play hockey. The NHA would sue the 228th Battalion club for its withdrawal, though ultimately did not succeed.

A dispute also erupted over the playing schedule. After the 228th suspended play, the Toronto Blueshirts
Toronto Blueshirts
The Toronto Hockey Club, known as the Torontos and the Toronto Blue Shirts were a professional National Hockey Association team that played in Toronto, Ontario, Canada...

 club was suspended for the rest of the season by the league, and some of its players played for other clubs for the rest of the schedule. The league intended for the players to be returned at the end of the season to whoever would own the Toronto club then. As the sale did not take place, the league kept them. The owner of the Blueshirts would file several lawsuits over the league's actions, sparking the events that led to the founding of the National Hockey League
National Hockey League
The National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of 30 franchised member clubs, of which 7 are currently located in Canada and 23 in the United States...

 (NHL).

League business

The Ottawa club wanted to suspend play for the season due to the war, but was voted down.

Executives

Emmet Quinn resigned as president on October 18, 1916.
  • Frank Robinson
    Frank Robinson (ice hockey)
    Major Frank Robinson was an ice hockey executive and soldier. He was an owner of the Toronto Blueshirts ice hockey team and later, president of the National Hockey Association , predecessor organization of the National Hockey League ....

    , Montreal (president)
  • Frank Calder
    Frank Calder
    -External links:*...

    , (secretary-treasurer)


Directors:
  • S. E. Lichtenhein
    Sam Lichtenhein
    Samuel "Sam" Edward Lichtenhein was a businessman and sports executive. He was the owner and president of the Montreal Wanderers ice hockey team of the National Hockey Association , later National Hockey League and the owner of the Montreal Royals baseball team.-Personal life:Lichtenhein was born...

    , Wanderers,
  • G. W. Kennedy
    George Kennedy (sports promoter)
    George Washington Kendall , known professionally as George Kennedy, was a Canadian sports promoter best known as the owner of the Montreal Canadiens ice hockey team from 1910 to 1921. Kennedy was a wrestler himself and after the end of his wrestling career turned to wrestling promotion...

    , Canadiens
  • Martin Rosenthal, Ottawa
  • E. J. Livingstone, Toronto
  • Capt. L. W. Reade, 228th
  • Mike J. Quinn, Quebec

Rule changes

A split-schedule of two halves would be used.

The single-referee system would be reinstated.

Throwing the stick to prevent a goal would mean the award of an automatic goal for the other team.

Suspending the Blueshirts

On February 10, 1917, the Blueshirts played their final game, losing 4–1 at home to Ottawa. The following day, a meeting of the NHA executive in Montreal was held to deal with the 228th Battalion leaving for overseas. Toronto proposed continuing with a five-team league, but the other owners instead voted to suspend Toronto's team. The players were dispersed by a drawing of names. The following day, President Robinson was quoted as stating that the players would return to the club after the season, but he would not guarantee that the club would be allowed to return to play, stating that would be decided at the NHA annual meeting. On February 13, Livingstone issued a statement that he was through with the NHA and that the Blueshirts franchise was available to the highest bidder. Livingstone was going to work on the opening of several arenas and a new hockey league in the United States.

Continuing the season

Ottawa, while not unhappy at the suspension of Toronto, nevertheless lost a game for the use of Cy Denneny
Cy Denneny
Cyril Joseph Denneny was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Ottawa Senators and Boston Bruins in the National Hockey League and the Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association. His brother Corbett Denneny also played in the NHL.-Early life:Cy Denneny was born...

 in a game against the 228th, and saw the Wanderers and Quebec receive wins for games against the 228th. The club threatened to not play for the rest of the season. However, cooler heads prevailed and Ottawa went back to work.

The following weekend, Harry Meeking
Harry Meeking
Harry "Hurricane Howie" Meeking was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 3 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Arenas, Detroit Cougars and Boston Bruins. He was born in Berlin, Ontario....

 and Eddie Oatman
Eddie Oatman
Edward Cole "Eddie" Oatman was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He was among the elite goal scorers of his era. Among his 32 years playing professional ice hockey, Eddie was named an all-star for ten consecutive seasons by the Pacific Coast Hockey Association...

 arrived in Montreal, after being discharged by the 228th after arriving in St. John, New Brunswick. Oatman charged that the 228th owed him $700 for his commission for his play with the 228th. As Oatman had gotten out of being drafted into the PCHA by being a member of the 228th, this set the Ottawa on again to reverse the game decision, claiming that Oatman was ineligible.

Livingstone lawsuits

On March 3, the Blueshirts were reinstated, with the instruction that the club must be sold within 60 days. On March 9, Livingstone filed lawsuits against the NHA and its clubs, seeking damages, the prevention of the other teams employing his players, forfeiture of the NHA club bonds, the declaration that his team suspension was illegal and the dissolution of the NHA, over its actions. Livingstone served one of the notices to Martin Rosenthal of the Ottawa Senators during the final game of the Montreal-Ottawa playoff. Livingstone asked Rosenthal to 'look them over when he had the chance' and Rosenthal left the envelope unopened until NHA Secretary Frank Calder
Frank Calder
-External links:*...

 called Rosenthal to ask if they had received any notices of Livingstone's legal actions.

Livingstone also sent a statement to newspapers claiming that the Wanderers had 'tampered' with the Toronto players by offering them employment in Montreal in the coming season for the Wanderers. Wanderers' president Sam Lichtenheim challenged Livingstone to come up with proof or he would seek libel charges against Livingstone.

Playoff

Montreal qualified for the two-game total-goal playoff by winning the first half of the schedule. Ottawa defeated Quebec 16–1 in the final game of the schedule to take the second half title on the basis of goals, as both teams finished with 8–2 records for the second half.

In the first game, held in Montreal, Bert Corbeau
Bert Corbeau
Bertram Orian "Pig Iron" Corbeau was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played 10 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens, Hamilton Tigers, Toronto St. Pats, and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was a member of the Montreal Canadiens first Stanley Cup championship...

 scored in the first to put Montreal ahead. The teams traded goals in the second period on goals by Frank Nighbor
Frank Nighbor
Julius Francis "Pembroke Peach" Nighbor was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League and National Hockey Association and Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL, Toronto Blueshirts of the NHA and Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific...

 of Ottawa and Didier Pitre
Didier Pitre
Joseph George Didier "Cannonball" Pitre was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. He was nicked named "Cannonball". One of the first players to join the Montreal Canadiens, Pitre's French-Canadian heritage helped give his line-mates the nickname the Flying Frenchmen, brought upon by his...

 of Montreal. Eddie Gerard
Eddie Gerard
Edward George Gerard was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada he played professionally for 10 seasons for the hometown Ottawa Senators and was member of several Stanley Cup-winning teams before retiring as a player in 1923...

 scored early in the third for Ottawa to tie the game again, but former Ottawa player Tommy Smith scored 20 seconds later to put Montreal back in the lead. Montreal's Pitre and Newsy Lalonde
Newsy Lalonde
Édouard Cyrille "Newsy" Lalonde was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward in the National Hockey League and a professional lacrosse player, regarded as one of hockey's and lacrosse's greatest players of the first half of the 20th century and one of sport's most colourful characters...

 then scored in the next three minutes to clinch the game for Montreal. Nighbor was knocked out by Smith in the second period and he remained out until the third period. He was knocked out again after Smith's goal but returned after the Canadiens had taken their three-goal lead. Nighbor was slashed across the face by Lalonde with one minute to go and was carried off for the third time. It was Lalonde's second match foul of the season and he was suspended for the second match of the playoff.

In the second game, held in Ottawa before 7,500 fans, Nighbor played despite the injuries of the first playoff game. Jack Darragh
Jack Darragh
John Proctor "Jack" Darragh was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Ottawa Senators in the National Hockey League and its predecessor the National Hockey Association.-Playing career:Darragh played his entire professional career with the Ottawa Senators...

 of Ottawa scored a power-play goal to open the scoring in the first period. Darragh broke in on a breakaway but was driven wide by Montreal's goaltender Georges Vezina
Georges Vézina
Joseph-Georges-Gonzague Vézina was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played seven seasons in the National Hockey Association and nine in the National Hockey League , all with the Montreal Canadiens...

. Darragh then shot the puck out front of the net off a Canadiens' player and into the net. In the second, Bert Corbeau scored to put Montreal two goals ahead on the playoff. George Boucher scored before the second period ended to bring Ottawa back within a goal. In the third, Cy Denneny
Cy Denneny
Cyril Joseph Denneny was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Ottawa Senators and Boston Bruins in the National Hockey League and the Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association. His brother Corbett Denneny also played in the NHL.-Early life:Cy Denneny was born...

 replaced Eddie Gerard and from a pass by Nighbor scored on Vezina to tie the playoff. With three minutes to play, Nighbor and Darragh broke in on Vezina, who stopped the shot and passed it out to Reg Noble
Reg Noble
Edward Reginald Noble of Collingwood, Ontario) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward and defenceman who played 17 professional seasons in the National Hockey Association and National Hockey League for the Toronto Blueshirts, Montreal Canadiens, Toronto St. Pats, Montreal Maroons,...

. Noble brought it to the Ottawa line and shot it wide of the net. Ottawa goaltender Clint Benedict
Clint Benedict
Clinton Stevenson "Praying Bennie" Benedict was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Ottawa Senators and the Montreal Maroons. He played on four Stanley Cup-winning squads. He was the first goaltender in the National Hockey League to wear a face mask...

 then set up the puck for an Ottawa player to pick up, but it was instead taken by Montreal's Smith. Benedict attempted to clear the puck, but Smith was able to poke it into the net to put Montreal ahead again to stay on the playoff.
Game-by-Game Winning Team Score Losing Team Location
1 March 7 Montreal Canadiens 5–2 Ottawa Senators Montreal Arena
Montreal Arena
The Montreal Arena, also known as Westmount Arena, was an indoor arena located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on the corner of St. Catherine Street and Wood Avenue. It was likely one of the first arenas designed expressly for hockey, opening in 1898...

2 March 10 Ottawa Senators 4–2 Montreal Canadiens The Arena, Ottawa
The Arena, Ottawa
The Arena, also known as Dey's Arena was an arena for ice hockey located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It was the home of the Ottawa Hockey Club from 1908 to 1923. It was the third in a series of ice hockey venues built by the Dey family of Ottawa...

Canadiens win two-game total-goals playoff 7–6


The Montreal Canadiens won the O'Brien Cup
O'Brien Trophy
The O'Brien Trophy, or O'Brien Cup, as labelled on the trophy itself, is a retired trophy that was awarded in the National Hockey Association and the National Hockey League ice hockey leagues of North America from 1910 to 1950. It was originally donated to the NHA by Canadian Senator M.J....

, but lost to the Seattle Metropolitans
Seattle Metropolitans
The Seattle Metropolitans were a professional ice hockey team based in Seattle, Washington which played in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association from 1915 to 1924. They won the Stanley Cup in 1917, becoming the first American team to do so...

 of the PCHA
Pacific Coast Hockey Association
The Pacific Coast Hockey Association was a professional men's ice hockey league in western Canada and the western United States, which operated from 1911 to 1924 when it then merged with the Western Canada Hockey League...

 in the Stanley Cup Finals
1917 Stanley Cup Finals
-See also:* 1916–17 NHA season* 1916–17 PCHA season...

.

Schedule and results

First half
Month Day Visitor Score Home Score
Dec. 27 Ottawa 7 228th 10
27 Wanderers 2 Quebec 6
27 Toronto 7 Canadiens 1
30 Canadiens 1 Ottawa 7
30 Quebec 5 Toronto 8
30 228th 10 Wanderers 4
Jan. 3 Ottawa 10 Wanderers 5
3 Canadiens 4 Quebec 2
3 228th 4 Toronto 0
6 Toronto 2 Ottawa 3
6 Wanderers 4 Canadiens 9
6 Quebec 9 228th 16
10 Ottawa 4 Quebec 5
10 228th 1 Canadiens 6
10 Wanderers 4 Toronto 9
13 228th 1 Ottawa 1
13 Canadiens 6 Toronto 2
13 Quebec 3 Wanderers 12
17 Ottawa 3 Canadiens 2
17 Wanderers 10 228th 4
17 Toronto 5 Quebec 1
20 Wanderers 5 Ottawa 8
20 Toronto 6 228th 8
20 Quebec 6 Canadiens 10
24 Ottawa 5 Toronto 8
24 228th 12 Quebec 4
24 Canadiens 10 Wanderers 2
27 Quebec 2 Ottawa 7
27 Toronto 3 Wanderers 8
27 Canadiens 9 228th 4


Second half
Month Day Visitor Score Home Score
Jan. 31 228th 0 Ottawa‡ 8
31 Quebec 4 Wanderers 3 (3' OT)
31 Canadiens 2 Toronto 6
Feb. 3 Ottawa 2 Canadiens 1
3 Toronto 3 Quebec 7 (2' to play)
3 Wanderers† 228th (postponed)
7 Wanderers 5 Ottawa 8
7 Toronto 4 228th 3
7 Quebec 3 Canadiens 6
10 Ottawa 4 Toronto 1
10 Canadiens 6 Wanderers 3
12 228th* Quebec& (cancelled)
14 Canadiens 1 Ottawa 4
14 Quebec 7 Wanderers 3
17 Wanderers 3 Canadiens 4
17 Ottawa 2 Quebec 3 (16' OT)
21 Canadiens 1 Quebec 5
21 Ottawa 5 Wanderers 3
24 Quebec 7 Canadiens 6
24 Wanderers 6 Ottawa 11
28 Ottawa 3 Canadiens 1
28 Wanderers 6 Quebec 17
Mar. 3 Quebec 1 Ottawa 16
3 Canadiens 3 Wanderers 6


‡ Ottawa lost game on use of ineligible Cy Denneny
Cy Denneny
Cyril Joseph Denneny was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Ottawa Senators and Boston Bruins in the National Hockey League and the Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association. His brother Corbett Denneny also played in the NHL.-Early life:Cy Denneny was born...

.

† Wanderers given win for this game in revised second half.

& Quebec given win for this game in revised second half.

* 228th was ordered overseas. Toronto club was suspended by league.

Scoring leaders

Player Team GP G
Joe Malone  Quebec Bulldogs 19 41
Frank Nighbor
Frank Nighbor
Julius Francis "Pembroke Peach" Nighbor was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League and National Hockey Association and Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL, Toronto Blueshirts of the NHA and Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific...

Ottawa Senators 19 41
Odie Cleghorn
Odie Cleghorn
James Ogilvie "Odie" Cleghorn was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger, linesman and referee...

Montreal Wanderers 18 28
Newsy Lalonde
Newsy Lalonde
Édouard Cyrille "Newsy" Lalonde was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward in the National Hockey League and a professional lacrosse player, regarded as one of hockey's and lacrosse's greatest players of the first half of the 20th century and one of sport's most colourful characters...

Montreal Canadiens 18 27
Jack Darragh
Jack Darragh
John Proctor "Jack" Darragh was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Ottawa Senators in the National Hockey League and its predecessor the National Hockey Association.-Playing career:Darragh played his entire professional career with the Ottawa Senators...

Ottawa Senators 20 26
Didier Pitre
Didier Pitre
Joseph George Didier "Cannonball" Pitre was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. He was nicked named "Cannonball". One of the first players to join the Montreal Canadiens, Pitre's French-Canadian heritage helped give his line-mates the nickname the Flying Frenchmen, brought upon by his...

Montreal Canadiens 20 22
Dave Ritchie  Quebec Bulldogs 19 17
Corb Denneny  Toronto / Ottawa 20 19
Eddie Gerard
Eddie Gerard
Edward George Gerard was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada he played professionally for 10 seasons for the hometown Ottawa Senators and was member of several Stanley Cup-winning teams before retiring as a player in 1923...

 
Ottawa Senators 19 17
Eddie Oatman
Eddie Oatman
Edward Cole "Eddie" Oatman was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He was among the elite goal scorers of his era. Among his 32 years playing professional ice hockey, Eddie was named an all-star for ten consecutive seasons by the Pacific Coast Hockey Association...

 
228th Battalion 12 17 †

Leading goaltenders

Name Club GP GA SO Avg.
Gordon Keats Toronto 2 5 2.5
Clint Benedict
Clint Benedict
Clinton Stevenson "Praying Bennie" Benedict was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Ottawa Senators and the Montreal Maroons. He played on four Stanley Cup-winning squads. He was the first goaltender in the National Hockey League to wear a face mask...

Ottawa 18 50 1 2.8
Georges Vezina
Georges Vézina
Joseph-Georges-Gonzague Vézina was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played seven seasons in the National Hockey Association and nine in the National Hockey League , all with the Montreal Canadiens...

Canadiens 20 80 4.0
Brock Toronto 4 16 1 4.0
Billy Nicholson Toronto 10 40 1 4.0
Ossie Lang Ottawa 1 5 5.0
Sam Hebert Quebec/Ottawa 15 84 5.6
Lockhart 228th Battalion 12 69 1 5.8 †
Bert Lindsay
Bert Lindsay
Leslie Bertrand Lindsay was a professional ice hockey goaltender in the National Hockey Association , Pacific Coast Hockey Association and National Hockey League...

Wanderers 15 96 6.4
Paddy Moran Quebec 6 50 8.3
Billy Hague
Billy Hague
William "Billy" Robert Hague was a professional ice hockey goaltender. He won the Stanley Cup with the Ottawa Hockey Club in 1905. He played in three other Stanley Cup challenges during his career....

Wanderers 4 41 10.3


† Totals includes two 228th Battalion games played in second half, not counted in standings.

See also

  • National Hockey Association
    National Hockey Association
    The National Hockey Association was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. It is the direct predecessor organization to today's National Hockey League...

  • List of pre-NHL seasons
  • List of Stanley Cup champions
  • 1916 in sports
    1916 in sports
    -American football:College championship* College football national championship – Army Black Knights and Pittsburgh Panthers -Association football:Europe* There is no major football in Europe due to World War ISouth America...

  • 1917 in sports
    1917 in sports
    -American football:College championship* College football national championship – Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets -Association football:Europe* There is no major football in Europe due to World War I...

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