2008 Summer Paralympics Torch Relay
Encyclopedia
The torch relay for the 2008 Summer Paralympic Games
was held between August 28 and September 6 in eleven cities, and also included the tomb of Yellow Emperor.
. The torch relay was held exclusively within China.
Despite the officially stated reason for the cancellation, The Guardian
attributed it to China's wish to avoid "a repeat of the protests" which had occurred in a number of cities around the world during the Olympics torch relay
. Similarly, The Times
wrote: "China has cancelled the international leg of the Paralympic torch relay, which was due to pass through London, in an apparent attempt to avoid similar protests to those that dogged the Olympic torch’s global tour." Reuters
reported simply: "China, whose Beijing Olympic torch relay was dogged by protest overseas, on Wednesday cancelled the international leg of the Paralympic torch relay, giving the devastating Sichuan earthquake as the reason."
during the Games' Opening Ceremony. Jin Jing
carried the torch into the stadium, before it was passed on to Paralympic gold medallists Wu Yunhu, Zhang Hongwei
, Zhang Haidong, Sun Changting and Hou Bin
. Hou then pulled himself up on a rope to the top of the stadium to light the Paralympic flame.
2008 Summer Paralympics
The 2008 Summer Paralympic Games, the thirteenth Paralympics, took place in Beijing, China from September 6 to September 17, 2008. As with the 2008 Summer Olympics, equestrian events were held in Hong Kong and sailing events in Qingdao....
was held between August 28 and September 6 in eleven cities, and also included the tomb of Yellow Emperor.
Planned Route
In 2007, the BOCOG announced the torch relay route, composed of three parts:- The route of the Paralympics Games Host/Co-Host Cities, which includes VancouverVancouverVancouver is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is the hub of Greater Vancouver, which, with over 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,...
(the host city of the 2010 Winter Paralympic Games, London (the host city of the 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, SochiSochiSochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated just north of Russia's border with the de facto independent republic of Abkhazia, on the Black Sea coast. Greater Sochi sprawls for along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains...
(the host city of the 2014 Winter Paralympic Games and Hong Kong (the co-host city of the 2008 Summer Paralympics); - The route of Modern China, which includes Beijing, ShenzhenShenzhenShenzhen is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones...
, ChongqingChongqingChongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...
, WuhanWuhanWuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers...
, Shanghai, QingdaoQingdao' also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.It borders Yantai to the...
, DalianDalianDalian is a major city and seaport in the south of Liaoning province, Northeast China. It faces Shandong to the south, the Yellow Sea to the east and the Bohai Sea to the west and south. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Dalian is the southernmost city of Northeast China and China's...
and TianjinTianjin' is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government...
; and - The route of Ancient China, which includes Beijing, Huangdiling (The Tomb of Yellow Emperor), Xi'anXi'anXi'an is the capital of the Shaanxi province, and a sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China. One of the oldest cities in China, with more than 3,100 years of history, the city was known as Chang'an before the Ming Dynasty...
, HohhotHohhotHohhot , is a city in north-central China and the capital of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, serving as the region's administrative, economic, and cultural centre....
, Urumuqi, ChengduChengduChengdu , formerly transliterated Chengtu, is the capital of Sichuan province in Southwest China. It holds sub-provincial administrative status...
, Changsha, NanjingNanjing' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...
and LuoyangLuoyangLuoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast.Situated on the central plain of...
.
Change of the route
In June 2008, the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned 4 international torch relay cities and 4 national cities for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled. The Committee stated that the relay was being cancelled to enable the Chinese government to "focus on the rescue and relief work" following the Sichuan earthquake2008 Sichuan earthquake
The 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan Earthquake was a deadly earthquake that measured at 8.0 Msand 7.9 Mw occurred at 14:28:01 CST...
. The torch relay was held exclusively within China.
Despite the officially stated reason for the cancellation, The Guardian
The Guardian
The Guardian, formerly known as The Manchester Guardian , is a British national daily newspaper in the Berliner format...
attributed it to China's wish to avoid "a repeat of the protests" which had occurred in a number of cities around the world during the Olympics torch relay
2008 Summer Olympics torch relay
The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of "one world, one dream". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China...
. Similarly, The Times
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register . The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary since 1981 of News International...
wrote: "China has cancelled the international leg of the Paralympic torch relay, which was due to pass through London, in an apparent attempt to avoid similar protests to those that dogged the Olympic torch’s global tour." Reuters
Reuters
Reuters is a news agency headquartered in New York City. Until 2008 the Reuters news agency formed part of a British independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data...
reported simply: "China, whose Beijing Olympic torch relay was dogged by protest overseas, on Wednesday cancelled the international leg of the Paralympic torch relay, giving the devastating Sichuan earthquake as the reason."
The route
The relay started from Tiantan on August 28 and then divided to two parallel lines before coming together in Beijing:The route of Modern China
- Beijing
- ShenzhenShenzhenShenzhen is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones...
- WuhanWuhanWuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers...
- Shanghai
- QingdaoQingdao' also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.It borders Yantai to the...
- DalianDalianDalian is a major city and seaport in the south of Liaoning province, Northeast China. It faces Shandong to the south, the Yellow Sea to the east and the Bohai Sea to the west and south. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Dalian is the southernmost city of Northeast China and China's...
- Beijing
The route of Ancient China
- Beijing
- Xi'anXi'anXi'an is the capital of the Shaanxi province, and a sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China. One of the oldest cities in China, with more than 3,100 years of history, the city was known as Chang'an before the Ming Dynasty...
- Huhehaote(Hohhot)
- Changsha
- NanjingNanjing' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...
- LuoyangLuoyangLuoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast.Situated on the central plain of...
- Beijing
Lighting
- Date:Aug 28, 2008
- Place:Tiantan,Beijing,China
- Host and hostress in post-ceremony and pre-ceremony:Pu CunxinPu CunxinPu Cunxin, also transliterated as Pu Quanxin is a Chinese actor. He is or was a member of the Beijing Experimental Theater Troupe.- Films :- External links :* at the Chinese Movie Database...
, Yang LanYang LanYang Lan is a Chinese businesswoman, talk show hostess, and co-owner with her husband Wu Zheng of Sun Television Cybernetworks in Shanghai, China.-Personal and business life:... - Host of the ceremony:Guo JinlongGuo JinlongGuo Jinlong is a politician of the People's Republic of China and Mayor of Beijing.- Biography :He graduated from Nanjing University Department of Physics in 1969 and joined the Communist Party of China in 1979, and was sent to work in Sichuan....
, MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of Beijing, Executive PresidentExecutive presidentAn executive president is a president who exercises active executive power in a certain systems of government. Executive presidents are active in day-to-day governance of a nation, and are usually popularly elected....
of BOCOG - Speech:
- Deng PufangDeng PufangDeng Pufang is the first son of former China's Paramount leader Deng Xiaoping. He is mostly known for being crippled by the Red Guards, and becoming a paraplegic. He has since dedicated his life to improving the rights of handicapped people.-Biography:Deng Pufang was born to Deng Xiaoping and...
, PresidentPresidentA president is a leader of an organization, company, trade union, university, or country.Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership...
of the Chinese Disabled Person's Association, Executive PresidentExecutive presidentAn executive president is a president who exercises active executive power in a certain systems of government. Executive presidents are active in day-to-day governance of a nation, and are usually popularly elected....
of the BOCOG - Philip CravenPhilip CravenSir Philip Craven MBE is a British sports official and former athlete. He is the second and current President of the International Paralympic Committee .-Education:...
, PresidentPresidentA president is a leader of an organization, company, trade union, university, or country.Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership...
of the International Paralympic CommitteeInternational Paralympic CommitteeThe International Paralympic Committee is an international non-profit organisation and the global governing body for the Paralympic Movement. The IPC organizes the Paralympic Games and functions as the international federation for nine sports... - Liu QiLiu QiLiu Qi may refer to:* Emperor Jing of Han, personal name Liu Qi, 6th emperor of the Western Han Dynasty* Liu Qi - oldest son of Eastern Han Dynasty warlord Liu Biao...
, PresidentPresidentA president is a leader of an organization, company, trade union, university, or country.Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership...
of the BOCOG
- Deng Pufang
- Gather Flame:Jiang Xintian
- UrnUrnAn urn is a vase, ordinarily covered, that usually has a narrowed neck above a footed pedestal. "Knife urns" placed on pedestals flanking a dining-room sideboard were an English innovation for high-style dining rooms of the late 1760s...
Holder:Jin JingJin JingJin Jing is a Chinese female Paralympic fencer. She was a torchbearer carrying the Olympic torch amid political protests during the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay in Paris, France...
, A famous Paralympic Athlete - Lighting the Flame:Liu QiLiu QiLiu Qi may refer to:* Emperor Jing of Han, personal name Liu Qi, 6th emperor of the Western Han Dynasty* Liu Qi - oldest son of Eastern Han Dynasty warlord Liu Biao...
- Cauldron Lighter and Begin Announcer:Wen JiabaoWen JiabaoWen Jiabao is the sixth and current Premier and Party secretary of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, serving as China's head of government and leading its cabinet. In his capacity as Premier, Wen is regarded as the leading figure behind China's economic policy...
, PremierPremierPremier is a title for the head of government in some countries and states.-Examples by country:In many nations, "premier" is used interchangeably with "prime minister"...
of People's Republic of China
Relay Summary
Route | City | Date | Place | Start from | Ends at | Length(km) | Torchbearers(Disabled Torchbearers) | First Torchbearer | First Torchbearer's Title | Last Torchbearer | Last Torchbearer's Title | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Route of Ancient China | Xi'an Xi'an Xi'an is the capital of the Shaanxi province, and a sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China. One of the oldest cities in China, with more than 3,100 years of history, the city was known as Chang'an before the Ming Dynasty... |
Aug 29, 2008 | On the city wall | Tower of East Gate | Barbicans of the South Gate | 3.1 | 70(11) | Zhang Hui Zhang Hui Zhang Hui is a short track speed skater who competes for China. As part of the 3000m relay team, Zhang won the gold medal. She was accidentally injured the face by making contact with the blade of her teammate Wang Meng during the celebration.... |
one of China's National Top Ten Disabled Athletes | Li Huimin | a disabled entrepreneur | |
Huhehaote | Aug 30, 2008 | Genghis Khan Square | Hohhot Stadium | 3.1 | 70 | Yang Zhimin | Chairman of the Disabled People Association of Inner Mongolia | Chen Guoyi | Disabled entrepreneur | |||
Changsha | Aug 31, 2008 | Changsha Women's and Children's Center | Hunan Swimming Center | 3 | 70(13) | Zhu Weimin | Swimming Swimming (sport) Swimming is a sport governed by the Fédération Internationale de Natation .-History: Competitive swimming in Europe began around 1800 BCE, mostly in the form of the freestyle. In 1873 Steve Bowyer introduced the trudgen to Western swimming competitions, after copying the front crawl used by Native... Gold Medalist in Atlanta Paralympic 1996 Summer Paralympics The 1996 Paralympic Games in Atlanta, USA were held from 16 August to 25 August. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.... |
Tan Yuehua | Disabled Police | |||
Nanjing Nanjing ' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions... |
Sep 2, 2008 | Boai Square, Zhongshan Tomb | Jinshuiqiao Square, Ming Xiao Tomb | 3 | 60(12) | Hou Jingjing Hou Jingjing Hou Jingjing , born in 1975, was the first Chinese woman in a wheelchair to earn a doctorate. She is now a teacher in Nanjing Normal University. Her hometown is Dangtu County in Anhui Province.-Her childhood:... |
First wheelchair female doctor of china, vice professor of Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Normal University , is a normal university located in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.Nanjing Normal University was originally named Sanjiang Normal Institute, which was established in 1902 by Zhang Zhidong, the Governor-General of Jiangsu and Jiangxi... |
Zhou Zengfu | Coach of Paralympic Athletic | |||
Luoyang Luoyang Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast.Situated on the central plain of... |
Sep 4, 2008 | Longmen Grotto | Longmen Grotto | Longmen Stone Square | 3 | 60(9) | Zhu Hongyan | WR holder and Paralympic Gold Medalist | Liu Zhengwei | Executive secretary of the Luoyang Disable Persons' Association | ||
The Route of Modern China | Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones... |
Aug 30, 2008 | Mountain Lotus | Statue of Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping was a Chinese politician, statesman, and diplomat. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng was a reformer who led China towards a market economy... |
Baiyi Square | 3.1 | 70(20%±) | Liu Hong | 4th in Women's 20 km Walk in Beijing Olympic 2008 Summer Olympics The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Beijing, China, from August 8 to August 24, 2008. A total of 11,028 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees competed in 28 sports and 302 events... |
Shen Jianping | Photographer with one arm | |
Wuhan Wuhan Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers... |
Aug 31, 2008 | Wuhan Economic and Technology Development Zone | Wuhan Sports Center Stadium | Wuhan Sports Center Gymnasium | 3 | 60(10) | Cheng Yu | Bronze Medalist of Women's Single TT6 and Gold Medallist of Women's Team TT6 of Seoul Paralympics 1988 Summer Paralympics The 1988 Summer Paralympics were the first Paralympics in 24 years that take place in the same city as the Olympic Games. They took place in Seoul, South Korea. This was the first time the term "Paralympic" came into official use.- Sports :... |
Wen Qin Wen Qin Wen Qin , style name Zhongruo , was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He served as the protector of Yang Province. Enraged at Sima Shi on the displacement of the emperor Cao Fang, then starting a rebellion with Guanqiu Jian. During the rebellion, Wen... |
Athletic Gold Medallists of FESPIC Games FESPIC Games The FESPIC Games or the Far East and South Pacific Games for the Disabled, was the biggest multi-sports games in the Asia and South Pacific region.... |
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Shanghai | Sep 1, 2008 | Songjiang New City | Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade is a public university in Shanghai, China. Founded in 1960, the Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade is an institution of higher learning formerly subordinate to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. Since 1994 it is under the administration... |
Shanghai Sunshine Recover Center | 3 | 60(10) | Zhao Jihong | Athletic Gold Medallists of 1984 New York Paralympics 1984 Summer Paralympics The 1984 Summer Paralympics were the seventh Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in two separate locations, Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom and in the Mitchel Athletic Complex and Hofstra University in Long Island, New York, United States of America The 1984 Summer Paralympics were the... |
Pang Jiaying Pang Jiaying Pang Jiaying is a female Chinese freestyle swimmer who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics. Pang is one of the best Chinese women in middle and long-distance freestyle swimming.... |
Swimming Swimming (sport) Swimming is a sport governed by the Fédération Internationale de Natation .-History: Competitive swimming in Europe began around 1800 BCE, mostly in the form of the freestyle. In 1873 Steve Bowyer introduced the trudgen to Western swimming competitions, after copying the front crawl used by Native... Silver Medalists and Bronze medalists of 2008 Beijing Olympics 2008 Summer Olympics The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Beijing, China, from August 8 to August 24, 2008. A total of 11,028 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees competed in 28 sports and 302 events... |
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Qingdao Qingdao ' also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.It borders Yantai to the... |
Sep 2, 2008 | Square of the Qingdao Olympic Sailing Center | May 4th Square | 4.25(1 km over the sea) | 70(20%) | Wu Chunmiao Wu Chunmiao Wu Chunmiao is a Paralympian athlete from China competing mainly in category T11 sprint events.She competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. There she won a gold medal in the women's 100 metres - T11 event and a silver medal in the women's 200 metres - T11 event... |
Gold Medalist of Women's 200m T11 in 2004 Athens Paralympics 2004 Summer Paralympics The 2004 Summer Paralympics were held in Athens, Greece, from September 17 to September 28. The twelfth Paralympic Games, an estimated 4,000 athletes took part in the Athens programme, with ages ranging from 11 to 66. Paralympic events had already taken place during the 2004 Summer Olympics as... |
Zhou Yafei Zhou Yafei Zhou Yafei is a female Chinese swimmer, who competed for Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics.-Major achievements:*2002 Asian Games - 1st 100m fly/4x100m medley relay;... |
Bronze Medalists of Women's 4X100m Medley Relay Swimming (sport) Swimming is a sport governed by the Fédération Internationale de Natation .-History: Competitive swimming in Europe began around 1800 BCE, mostly in the form of the freestyle. In 1873 Steve Bowyer introduced the trudgen to Western swimming competitions, after copying the front crawl used by Native... in 2008 Beijing Olympics |
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Dalian Dalian Dalian is a major city and seaport in the south of Liaoning province, Northeast China. It faces Shandong to the south, the Yellow Sea to the east and the Bohai Sea to the west and south. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Dalian is the southernmost city of Northeast China and China's... |
Sep 3, 2008 | Xinghai Square Xinghai Square Xinghai Square, or Xinghai Plaza , is a city square in Dalian, China. It is located to the north of Xinghai Bay. Its total area is 45,000 m². Its name literally means "the Sea of Stars".... |
Dalian Forest Park | 3.8 | 70(14) | Li Yang | Chairman of the Dalian Disable Persons' Association | Li Jinrui | Vice Chairman of CCP Dalian Committee | |||
Beijing | Sep 5, 2008 | China Millenium Monument and Summer Palace Summer Palace The Summer Palace is a palace in Beijing, China. The Summer Palace is mainly dominated by Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake. It covers an expanse of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is water.... |
China Millenium Monument | 17 hole bridge of Summer Palace Summer Palace The Summer Palace is a palace in Beijing, China. The Summer Palace is mainly dominated by Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake. It covers an expanse of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is water.... (include a "之" Shape over sea relay) |
6.5 | 120(30%) | Wang Juan | Paralympic Athletic and Fencing Athlete | Zhou Hua | President of Beijing East City District Special Education School | ||
Sep 6, 2008 | Chaoyang Park Chaoyang Park Beijing Chaoyang Park is a park located on the site of the former Prince's Palace in Beijing's Chaoyang District.The park's construction began in 1984 with it eventually growing to become Beijing's largest park. It is approximately 2.8 km in length and approximately 1.5 km in width. It has a total... |
Lihua Square | Chaoyang Park Beach Volleyball Field | 5.5 | 120(40) | Xu Yuansheng | Coach of China Wheelchair Basketball Team | Zhao Jihua | Former President of China National Disabled People Association |
Final Relay in Main Stadium
Chinese athletes with disabilities carried the torch in Beijing National StadiumBeijing National Stadium
Beijing National Stadium, also known officially as the National Stadium, or colloquially as the Bird's Nest , is a stadium in Beijing, China. The stadium was designed for use throughout the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.-History:...
during the Games' Opening Ceremony. Jin Jing
Jin Jing
Jin Jing is a Chinese female Paralympic fencer. She was a torchbearer carrying the Olympic torch amid political protests during the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay in Paris, France...
carried the torch into the stadium, before it was passed on to Paralympic gold medallists Wu Yunhu, Zhang Hongwei
Zhang Hongwei
Zhang Hongwei is a Chinese pole vaulter. His personal best jump is 5.63 metres, achieved in May 2000 in Deyang.He won the gold medal at the 2000 Asian Championships and the silver medal at the 2005 Asian Championships.-Achievements:...
, Zhang Haidong, Sun Changting and Hou Bin
Hou Bin
Hou Bin , born in Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, in 1975, is a Chinese athlete who specialises in the high jump.He lost his left leg in an accident at the age of nine. He subsequently became a Paralympian, and represented China at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta. He won gold in the high...
. Hou then pulled himself up on a rope to the top of the stadium to light the Paralympic flame.