Ada Cambridge later known as Ada Cross, was an English writer.

Overall she wrote more than twenty-five works of fiction, three volumes of poetry and two autobiographical works. Many of her novels were serialised in Australian newspapers, and were never published in book form.

While she was known to friends and family by her married name, Ada Cross, she was known to her newspaper readers as A.C.. Later in her career she reverted to her maiden name, Ada Cambridge, and it is thus by this name that she is known.

Life

Ada was born at St Germans, Norfolk

Norfolk

Norfolk is a low-lying county in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea coast and to the north-west the county is bordered by The Wash. The county...

, the second child of Thomasine and Henry Cambridge, a gentleman farmer. She was educated by governesses, an experience she abhorred. She wrote in a book of reminiscences: "I can truthfully affirm that I never learned anything which would now be considered worth learning until I had done with them all and started foraging for myself. I did have a few months of boarding-school at the end, and a very good school for its day it was, but it left no lasting impression on my mind." (The Retrospect, chap. IV). It was, in fact, an unmarried aunt who most contributed to her intellectual development.

On 25 April 1870 she was married to the Rev. George Frederick Cross and a few weeks later sailed for Australia. She arrived in Melbourne in August and was surprised to find it a well established city. Her husband was sent to Wangaratta, then to Yackandandah (1872), Ballan

Ballan, Victoria

Ballan is a small town in the state of Victoria, Australia located on the Werribee River north west of Melbourne. At the 2006 census, Ballan had a population of 1,807.It is the main administrative centre for the Shire of Moorabool Local Government Area....

 (1874), Coleraine

Coleraine, Victoria

Coleraine is a town in Victoria, Australia on the Glenelg Highway, west of the state capital, Melbourne and north-west of Hamilton in the Shire of Southern Grampians local government area. It was named after the town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland...

 (1877), Bendigo (1884) and Beechworth (1885), where they remained until 1893. Her Thirty Years in Australia (1903) describes their experiences in these parishes. She experienced her share of tragedy, including the loss of children to whooping cough and scarlet fever.

Cross at first was the typical hard-working wife of a country clergyman, taking part in all the activities of the parish and incidentally making her own children's clothes. Her health, however, broke down, for a number of reasons including a near-fatal miscarriage and a serious carriage accident, and her activities had to be reduced, but she continued to write.

In 1893 Cross and her husband moved to their last parish, Williamstown

Williamstown, Victoria

Williamstown is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 8 km south-west from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Hobsons Bay. At the 2006 Census, Williamstown had a population of 12,733....

, near Melbourne, and remained there until 1909. Her husband went on the retired clergy list at the end of 1909 with permission to operate in the diocese until 1912. In 1913 they both returned to England, where they stayed until his death on 27 February 1917. Ada returned to Australia later that year, and died in Melbourne on 19 July 1926. She was survived by a daughter and a son, Dr K. Stuart Cross.

A street in the Canberra

Canberra

Canberra is the capital city of Australia. With a population of over 345,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory , south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne...

 suburb of Cook

Cook, Australian Capital Territory

Cook is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Cook is in the district of Belconnen. On Census night 2006, Cook had a population of 2,817 people....

 is named in her honour.

Career

While Cambridge began writing in the 1870s to make money to help support her children, her formal published career spans from 1865 with Hymns on the Litany and The Two Surplices, to 1922 with an article 'Nightfall' in Atlantic Monthly. According to Barton, her early works 'contain the seeds of her lifelong insistence on and pursuit of physical, spiritual and moral integrity as well as the interweaving of poetry and prose which was to typify her writing career'. Cato writes that 'some of her ideas were considered daring and even a little improper for a clergyman's wife. She touches on extramarital affairs and the physical bondage of wives'.

In 1875 her first novel Up the Murray appeared in the Australasian but was not published separately, and it was not until 1890 with the publication of A Marked Man that her fame as a writer was established. However, despite regular good reviews, there were many who discounted her because she did not write in the literary tradition of the time, one that was largely non-urban and masculine, that focused on survival against the harsh environment.

She was first president of the Women Writers Club and honorary life-member of the Lyceum Club of Melbourne, and had many friends in the literary world including Grace 'Jennings' Carmichael, Rolf Boldrewood, Ethel Turner

Ethel Turner

Ethel Turner was an Australian novelist and children's writer.She was born Ethel Mary Burwell in Doncaster in England. Her father died when she was two, leaving her mother Sarah Jane Burwell with two daughters . A year later, Sarah Jane married Henry Turner, who was twenty years older and had six...

, and George Robertson.

Ada Cambridge Prize

This prize was first offered in 2005 and is awarded for the best biographical story submitted by a local adult writer. It is announced at the annual Williamstown Literary Festival, where Ada resided for a time when her husband was the vicar of the Holy Trinity Church. The story must be of 1,000–3,000 words and there is no entry fee.

Selected bibliography

• Hymns on the Litany (1865)
• Hymns on the Holy Communion (1866)
• The Manor House: and Other Poems (1875)
• My Guardian (Novel, 1877)
• In Two Years' Time (Novel, 1879)
• A Mere Chance (Novel, 1882)
• Unspoken Thoughts (Novel, 1887)
• A Woman's Friendship (Serialised in the Age, 1889; first published in book form in 1988)
• A Marked Man (Novel, 1890)
• The Three Miss Kings (Novel, 1891)
• Not All in Vain (Novel, 1892)
• A Little Minx (Novel, 1893)
• A Marriage Ceremony (Novel, 1894),
• Fidelis (Novel, 1895)
• A Humble Enterprise (Novel, 1896),
• At Midnight: and Other Stories (1897)
• Materfamilias (Novel, 1898),
• Path and Goal (Novel, 1900)
• The Devastators (Novel, 1901)
• Thirty Years in Australia (Memoir, 1903)
• Sisters (Novel, 1904)
• A Platonic Friendship (Novel, 1905)
• A Happy Marriage (Novel, 1906)
• The Eternal Feminine (Novel, 1907)
• The Retrospect (Memoir, 1912)
• The Hand in the Dark: and Other Poems (1913)
• The Making of Rachel Rowe (Novel, 1914)

External links

• Ada Cambridge contains the text of three of her sonnets.
• Cordula's Web features selected poems from Ada Cambridge.
• manybooks.net offers free PDF formatted works by Ada Cambridge.
• SETIS contains free PDF formatted works and print works for purchase by Ada Cambridge.
• Williamstown Literary Festival contains details of stories shortlisted for, and winners of, the 'Ada Cambridge Writers Prize' in 2008 and 2009.