Administrative divisions of Mongolia during Qing
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Mongolia during Qing rule was generally administered as Inner Mongolia
and Outer Mongolia
; additional Mongol-inhabited regions were directly administered by the Qing dynasty
.
The estate of the Jebtsundamba Khutugtu
, the Great Shabi (from Mongolian shabi = disciple) would from 1723 on be independent from the four aimags, in the sense that its subjects would be exempt from most taxes and corvees. The shabi did - except the three Darkhad otog in Khövsgöl - not have an own territory. Rather, its subjects would mostly live among the general population. The shabi was led by a Shanzav or Shanzobda, and divided into otog, and then bag and arvan. Similar shabis would exist for other high lamas.
.The following regions were directly controlled by the Manchu:
's original 24 Aimags were torn apart and replaced by 49 banners (khoshuus) which would later be organized into six leagues (chuulgans, assemblys). The eight Chakhar banners and the two Tümed banners around Guihua
were directly administered by the Manchu.
and in Kobdo.
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
and Outer Mongolia
Outer Mongolia
Outer Mongolia was a territory of the Qing Dynasty = the Manchu Empire. Its area was roughly equivalent to that of the modern state of Mongolia, which is sometimes informally called "Outer Mongolia" today...
; additional Mongol-inhabited regions were directly administered by the Qing dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
.
The estate of the Jebtsundamba Khutugtu
Jebtsundamba
The Khalkha Jebtsundamba Khutuktus were the spiritual heads of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia. They also held the title of Bogd Gegeen, making them the top-ranked lamas in Mongolia.- History :...
, the Great Shabi (from Mongolian shabi = disciple) would from 1723 on be independent from the four aimags, in the sense that its subjects would be exempt from most taxes and corvees. The shabi did - except the three Darkhad otog in Khövsgöl - not have an own territory. Rather, its subjects would mostly live among the general population. The shabi was led by a Shanzav or Shanzobda, and divided into otog, and then bag and arvan. Similar shabis would exist for other high lamas.
Regions under direct control
The Direct-controlled Mongols were banners (khoshuu) controlled by provinces, generals and ambasaAmban
Amban is a Manchu word meaning "high official," which corresponds to a number of different official titles in the Qing imperial government...
.The following regions were directly controlled by the Manchu:
- Chakhar (ZhiliZhiliZhílì was a northern province in China from the Ming Dynasty until the province was dissolved in 1928 during the Republic of China era.-History:...
) - DarigangaDariganga, SükhbaatarDariganga is a sum of Sükhbaatar Province in eastern Mongolia. After the Xinhai Revolution which overthrew the Qing Dynasty, forces loyal to the independent Mongolian government established control in the area in March 1912...
- Qing emperor's pasture, where the best horses from both Inner and Outer Mongolia were collected and mastered by the Dariganga tribe. It was controlled from Kalgan. Today's location is Dariganga sum, Sukhbaatar province, Mongolia. - Guihua Town TümedHohhotHohhot , is a city in north-central China and the capital of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, serving as the region's administrative, economic, and cultural centre....
(ShanxiShanxi' is a province in Northern China. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" , after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....
) - BargaBargaBarga is a medieval town and comune of the province of Lucca in Tuscany, central Italy. It is home to around 10,000 people and is the chief town of the "Media Valle" of the Serchio.-Geography:...
(HeilongjiangHeilongjiangFor the river known in Mandarin as Heilong Jiang, see Amur River' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. "Heilongjiang" literally means Black Dragon River, which is the Chinese name for the Amur. The one-character abbreviation is 黑...
) - Tannu UriankhaiTannu UriankhaiTannu Uriankhai is a historic region of the Mongol Empire and, later, the Qing Dynasty. The realms of Tannu Uriankhai largely correspond to the Tuva Republic of the Russian Federation, neighboring areas in Russia, and a part of the modern state of Mongolia....
5 banners and 46 or 47 somons (Governor general of Uliastai) - Myanghad Banner, Zakhchin BannerZakhchinZakhchin is a subgroup of the Oirats residing in Khovd Province, Mongolia.Zakhchin means 'Border people'. They are so called because they are originated form the border garrison of Dzungar Empire...
and Ööld Banner (KhovdKhovdKhovd can refer to:* Hovd River, a river in the west of Mongolia* Khovd , the capital of Khovd aimag* Hovd Territory, a historical area in Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty.* Khovd Province, an aimag in Mongolia...
) - Altai UriankhaiAltai UriankhaiThe Altai Uriankhai refer to a Mongolian tribe around the Altai Mountains that were organized by the Qing Dynasty. They now form a subgroup in western Mongolia and eastern Xinjiang....
and Altai Nuur Uriankhai (Khovd) - DamxungDamxungDamxung is a small modern Tibetan town of low-barrack like buildings and is the administrative centre of Damxung County near Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Unlike many of the quaint old Tibetan settlements in the more southern farming areas of Tibet this town is modern, built up...
Mongolians (TibetTibetTibet is a plateau region in Asia, north-east of the Himalayas. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people...
)
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia's original 24 Aimags were torn apart and replaced by 49 banners (khoshuus) which would later be organized into six leagues (chuulgans, assemblys). The eight Chakhar banners and the two Tümed banners around Guihua
Hohhot
Hohhot , is a city in north-central China and the capital of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, serving as the region's administrative, economic, and cultural centre....
were directly administered by the Manchu.
- Jirim League
- KhorchinKhorchinKhorchin is a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in southeastern Inner Mongolia....
6 banners - Jalaid 1 banner
- Dörbet 1 banner
- Gorlos 1 banner
- Khorchin
- Josotu League
- KharchinKharchinKharchin is a subgroup of the Mongols residing mainly in North-western Liaoning and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. There are Khalkha-Kharchin Mongols in Dorno-Gobi Province and in Ulaanbaatar.They are descended directly from the Kharchin tümen of the Northern Yuan Dynasty...
3 banners- Kharchin Right Banner
- Kharchin Middle Banner
- Kharchin Left Banner
- TümedTümedThe Tümed are a Mongol subgroup. Most engage in sedentary agriculture, living in mixed communities in the suburbs of Huhhot. Part of them live along Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia...
2 banners
- Kharchin
- Juu Uda League
- Aokhan 1 banner
- Naiman 1 banner
- Baarin 2 banners
- Jarud 2 banners
- Ar KhorchinKhorchinKhorchin is a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in southeastern Inner Mongolia....
2 banners - Onginuud 1 banner
- Kesigten 1 banner
- Züün KhalkhaKhalkhaKhalkha is the largest subgroup of Mongol people in Mongolia since 15th century. The Khalkha together with Tsahar, Ordos and Tumed, were directly ruled by the Altan Urag Khans until the 20th century; unlike the Oirat people who were ruled by the Dzungar nobles or the Khorchins who were ruled by...
1 banner
- Xilin Gol LeagueXilin Gol LeagueXilin Gol is one of 12 prefecture level divisions of Inner Mongolia. The capital is Xilinhot, the area is 202,580 km². The league's economy is based on mining and agriculture....
- ÜzemchinÜzemchinThe Üzemchin are a subgroup of Mongols in eastern Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. They settle mainly in Sergelen, Bayantu'men, Choibalsan city of the Dornod Province and in Xilin Gol League of the Inner Mongolia...
2 banners - Khuuchid 2 banners
- Sünid 2 banners
- Abga 2 banners
- Abganar 2 banners
- Üzemchin
- Ulanqab League
- Dörben Khüükhed 1 banner
- Muu Myangan 1 banner
- UradUrad MongolsUrad is a Mongol tribe in Inner Mongolia....
3 banners - Baruun KhalkhaKhalkhaKhalkha is the largest subgroup of Mongol people in Mongolia since 15th century. The Khalkha together with Tsahar, Ordos and Tumed, were directly ruled by the Altan Urag Khans until the 20th century; unlike the Oirat people who were ruled by the Dzungar nobles or the Khorchins who were ruled by...
1 banner
- Ihe Juu League
- OrdosOrdos-Places:*Ordos Loop of the Yellow River, a region of China*Ordos Desert, in Inner Mongolia*Ordos City, city and district in Inner Mongolia*Ordos International Circuit, a race track in Ordos City.-People:...
7 banners
- Ordos
Outer Mongolia (Khalkha)
The Khalkha aimags were preserved - with the notable exception of the establishment of Sain Noyan aimag in 1725. Each aimag would also have a chigulgan, usually named after the place (mountains or rivers) where it convened. The aimags were divided into banners - whose number increased from originally eight to finally 86 - and further into sums. A sum would consist of 150 men fit for military service, a bag of 50. A military governor would be installed in Uliastai, and two civil governors (amban) in KhüreeUlaanbaatar
Ulan Bator or Ulaanbaatar is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. An independent municipality, the city is not part of any province, and its population as of 2008 is over one million....
and in Kobdo.
- Ochirbatu Tüshiyetu Khan aimag 20 banners
- Gobi Tüshiye Gong
- Darhan Chin Wang khoshuu
- Zorigtu Wang khoshuu
- Gobi Mergen Wang khoshuu
- Erdeni Daichin Wang khoshuu
- Daichin Beise khoshuu
- Sain Noyan aimag 24 banners
- Sain Noyan 22 banners
- Ööld Banner
- Ööld Front Banner
- Maha Samadhi Secen Khan aimag 23 banners
- Borjigin Secen Wang khoshuu
- Achitu Wang khoshuu
- Secen Chin Wang khoshuu
- Sang Beise khoshuu
- Höbchi yin Jinong Wang khoshuu
- Hurtsa Wang khoshuu
- Dalai Darhan Beile
- Zasagtu Khan aimag 19 banners
- Erdeni Bishireltu Zasagtu Khan khoshuu
- Akhai Beile khoshuu
- Dalai Gong khoshuu
- Mergen Gong khoshuu
- Degüregchi Wang khoshuu
- Tsogtoi Beise khoshuu
- Chin Achit Wang khoshuu
- Zorigtu Wang khoshuu
- Jilhanza Hutuhtu shabi
- Ilagugsan Hutuhtu shabi
- Sartaul Secen Hang khoshuu
- Bagatur Wang khoshuu
- Erdeni Beise khoshuu
- Darhan Beile khoshuu
- Daichin Wang khoshuu
- Süjigtu Gong khoshuu
- Üizen Beise khoshuu
- Nomun Khan Hutuhtu shabi
- Ilden Gong khoshuu
- Bishireltu Gong khoshuu
- Itgemjitu Beile khoshuu
- Yosotu Beise khoshuu
- Jinong Wang khoshuu
Khövsgöl
- Jebtsundamba Khutugtu’s Darkhad Shabi 3 otog
- Khövsgöl Nuur Uriankhai 4 sum
- Ar Shirkhten Uriankhai 1 otog
- Övör Shirkhten Uriankhai 1 otog
Western Hetao Mongolia
- Alasha Ööled Banner (Modern day Alxa left and right banners in Alxa LeagueAlxa LeagueAlxa League is one of 12 prefecture level divisions and three extant leagues of Inner Mongolia. The league borders Mongolia to the north, Bayan Nur to the northeast, Wuhai and Ordos to the east, Ningxia to the southeast, and Gansu to the south and west. The capital is Bayan Hot in the aimag's...
, Inner Mongolia) - Ejine Torghuud Banner (Modern day Ejina banner in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia)
Kobdo
30 khoshuu- Batu Irugertu Tögs Khülug Dalai Khan aimag
- Batu Irugertu Tögs Khülug Dalai Khan khoshuu
- Kobdo Taiachin khoshuu
- Daichin Zasag khoshuu
- Dalai Gong khoshuu
- Jinong Zasag khoshuu
- Erdeni Zasag khoshuu
- Erhe Zasag khoshuu
- Bagatur Zasag khoshuu
- Mergen Zasag khoshuu
- Iltei Zasag khoshuu
- Secen Zasag khoshuu
- Hurtsa Gong khoshuu
- Saragul Gong khoshuu
- Ünen Zorigtu Khan aimag
- Altai Uriankhai 7 banners
- Daichin Gong Banner
- Tusalagchi Gong Banner
- Torghuud, Khoshuud 3 banners
- Zakhchin Örnö, Dorno Banner
- Hovd Tümed Tariachin Banner
Qinghai Mongols
- Khoshuud 21 banners
- Choros 2 banners
- Choros North Middle Banner
- Choros South Right Wing First Banner
- Khoyid 1 banner
- Khoyid South Banner
- Torghuud 4 banners
- Torghuud West Banner
- Torghuud South Front Banner
- Torghuud South Middle Banner
- Torghuud South Rear Banner
- Khalkha 1 banner
- Khalkha South Right Banner